動詞的形式和分類

1、動詞學案Name:Class：Name:.Teaching Aims:To learn the classifications of the verbs.To master their usage through cooperation and exploration.Teaching Procedures:一、動詞的分類實義動詞實義動詞時能獨立作謂語的動詞。根據(jù)動詞在句子中是否可以接賓語，可以把實義動詞分為 動詞和動詞兩種類型。按其持續(xù)性可分為動詞和動詞。（1）及物動詞及物動詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。動詞+賓語My brother is（fly）on the playgr

2、ound.動詞+賓語+賓補The teacher made his students（happiness） by doing some games.翻譯： We call English teacher Zhang Sir.注意：帶省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞有：make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。動詞+雙賓語My mother gives me a new bike.注意：有些間接賓語（人）放在直接賓語（事物）之后時，間接賓語前要加to。常用的此類詞有bring、 give、hand、 pass、pay、post、return、sell、sho

3、w、teach、tell、throw、lend 等。Hand me that book, please.=Hand.有些間接賓語（人）放在直接賓語（事物）之后時，間接賓語前要加for。常用的此類詞有buy、 choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order 等。My mom bought me a nice backpack.=My mom.（2）不及物動詞不及物動詞一般不可以接賓語，但是有些不及物動詞與一些介詞、副詞等詞搭配在一起構(gòu)成短語動 詞，它的作用等于一個及物動詞。請在橫線上加上適當?shù)慕樵~！We arrivedthe station at five.H

4、e turnedthe light when he left.He takes pridedoing a job well.注意：有些動詞既可作及物動詞也可作不及物動詞。常用的此類動詞有turn、open、close、start、change、 drive、play、meet、win、study 等。The girl turned her head and smiled.這個女孩子轉(zhuǎn)過頭笑一笑。She turned and walked back to the classroom.她轉(zhuǎn)過身走回教室。延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞表示動作是可持續(xù)的，如：live, stay, study, work, k

5、eep, teach等，可以和時間段連用。We have lived in China since 2001.You can keep this book for two weeks.（4）非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞表示瞬間動作，如：buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, leave, come, catch等，不能和時間段連用。如果和時間段連用，就要用其他詞代替。He has been here for five days.（arrive）The film has been on for ten minutes.（b

6、egin）常用瞬間動詞相應持續(xù)性動詞關系如下：1、gobe away2、come-be here3、come backbe back4、leave-be away (be not here)5、 buy-have6、borrowkeep7、die-be dead8、begin-be on9、finishbe over10、 open-be open11、close-be closed12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow14、turn onbe on15、get up1be up16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in (.) 或 be

7、 a.member18、becomebe連系動詞連系動詞也稱為系動詞，連系動詞有一定詞義，但不完整，不能單獨做謂語，必須和表語連用， 構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。You are a teacher, but not a good one.We feel very happy when we know it.英語經(jīng)常用到的連系動詞有：（1）狀態(tài)連系動詞：表示主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、身份。（be）My father is very strong.（2）持續(xù)連系動詞：表示繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或情況。（stay，remain，keep等）You must keep healthy. 表象連系動詞：

8、用來表示“看起來”的這一概念的詞。appear （看起來），seem （看似），look （看起 來）。Your mother looks much younger than I thought. 感官連系動詞：feel （摸起來），taste （嘗起來），smell （聞起來），sound （聽起來）look （看起來）。The milk tastes a little sour. 轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果連系動詞：become （變?yōu)椋?，get （成為），grow （長得），turn （變得），go （變得）等。Our village is becoming more and more beautifu

9、l.3助動詞助動詞本身沒有詞意，或者意義不完全，不能單獨作謂語，只能和別的動詞一起在句子中作謂語， 幫助動詞構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)等及否定、疑問、強調(diào)等。主要的助動詞有:be, do，have，shall，will 等。例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week?Is your mother cooking？Dont be late for class next time.4情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞一般沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能單獨作謂語，只能和其他動詞連用作謂語，表 示說話人的語氣和情感。主要的情態(tài)動詞有：can，may, must，need，would

10、，could，might，dare等。 使用情態(tài)動詞要注意以下方面：含must的一般疑問句，肯定回答仍用must，否定回答則用neednt或dont have to,表示“不必”。 一般不能用mustnt，因為mustnt表示“不可以、禁止”，語氣很強。Must I finish my homework now?No, you neednt.may開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustnt。一May I smoke here?No, you mustnt.表示可能性或推測時，can多用于否定句或疑問句，cant表示“不可能”；may多用于陳述句，may not表示“可能不”；m

11、ust只用于肯定句，表示“一定、準是”。You may be right or may not be right.The news cant be true.She must be angry.need用作情態(tài)動詞主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件句，表示“需要”，也可以作實義動詞，后跟名 詞、代詞、不定式、動詞-ing形式等。need開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must。You neednt come if you are busy.一Need I come tomorrow?我明天需要來嗎？一No, you neednt. / Yes, you must.不，沒必要。/ 是的，你必須來。He n

12、eeds to get some sleep.他需要睡一會。have to的意思接近must，但是must強調(diào)說話者的主觀意愿。have to強調(diào)客觀上的必要性，常譯 成“不得不“。have to可以用于多種時態(tài)，其疑問句、否定句都要借助do構(gòu)成。Do you have to leave now?你現(xiàn)在必須走了嗎？You dont have to get up early.你沒有必要早起。be able to表示具體的能力，與can用法相近，can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，be able to可用 更多的時態(tài)。was / were able to側(cè)重有能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只

13、表示過去具備某種能 力。The math problem was hard but I was able to work it out.這道數(shù)學題很難，但我做出來了。二、動詞的形式動詞原形動詞原形就是詞典中出現(xiàn)的動詞原來的形式。例如：be (是)work (工作)，study (學習)，write (寫)等。動詞原形用法很多，經(jīng)常在中考考查的用法有：在一般現(xiàn)在時中主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞接動詞原形。例如：We often watch TV at home after supper.感官動詞和使役動詞后接動詞原形作賓語補足語。例如：Your words make me feel an

14、gry.在祈使句的開頭用動詞原形。例如：Come and buy your books at our book shop.在情態(tài)動詞和do、will、would等助動詞后用動詞原形。例如：Can you swim across this river in an hour?Did everybody want to go there last Monday?常見的后面用動詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)：Why not do sth.? = Why dont you do sth.?had better do sth.Let sb. do sth.help sb. do sth.Why not go there o

15、n foot?Youd better finish your homework before supper.Lets play volleyball after school ！第三人稱單數(shù)形式動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式就是句子的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，并且謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語動 詞應該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如：My sister often watches TV with us at home.動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：一般情況下在動詞后加字母一s。例如：workworkswritewrites taketakes以字母s，x, ch， sh結(jié)尾或以字母o結(jié)尾的動詞加-es。例如：watc

16、hwatchespasspassescatchcatchesdodoesgogoes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先把字母y變?yōu)閕再加-es。例如：carrycarriestrytries現(xiàn)在分詞動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式由動詞原形+ing構(gòu)成，一般和be動詞連用構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時或 用作非謂語動詞。例如：The girl is studying English at home now.I saw a boy lying on the ground.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:一般情況下直接加-ing。buybuyingdrinkdrinkingfindfinding以不發(fā)音的字母一e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉字母e加

17、-ing。taketakingcomecomingbecomebecoming以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫此輔音字母，再加-ingositsitting stop stoppingbeginbeginning forgetforgetting 部分以ie結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)動詞，先把ie變?yōu)閥,然后加一ing。例如：diedyingtietyinglielying4過去式和過去分詞動詞的過去式主要用來構(gòu)成一般過去時；過去分詞是用來構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時和被動語 態(tài)的，也可用作非謂語動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞變化如下：一般情況下直接加-ed。例如：workworke

18、dworkedhelphelpedhelped以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加字母-d。例如：livelivedlivedlikelikedliked以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先把字母y變?yōu)閕,再加-ed。例如：carrycarriedcarriedstudystudiedstudied trytriedtried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫此輔音字母，然后加-ed。例如：permitpermittedpermittedpreferpreferredpreferred不規(guī)則的變化參見課本最后一頁不規(guī)則動詞表。一、改錯The sun raises in the east and

19、 sets down in the west.That kind of cakes is tasted very well.My little brother will can go to school next year.Look at that tall man. He maybe our new teacher.The little boy do his homework with his students in the classroom.My mot her doesnteoEarries some water for us.There are a lot of people wor

20、k on the hill.Why not coming here and watch TV with me?My brother said that he had already went to Beijing.It is said that the movie was wrote by his mother.高分秘籍過手訓練Look! The rain. Lets go and play together.A. stopB. reachC. stopsD. reachesDo you know that piece of musicby your teacher?Really? Thats

21、 wonderful.A. is talkedB. is writtenC. seemsD. writesLook! The studentsa book under the tree.A. readingB. are readingC. lookingD. are lookingHis father oftenhim cry when he was young.A. lookedB. feltC. worriedD. madeWhen he heard the facts, his facered.A. knowsB. turnsC. fliesD. takesI saw a bagon t

22、he floor when I was on my way to school.A. lying B. lays C. lies D. laidThe boyhis hands again and wanted to ask a question.A. risesB. raisedC. raisesD. rose Must I finish reading the book today? No. Youif you have something else to do.A. mustntB. couldntC. cantD. dont have toThe heavy snowstorm mad

23、e the mountain climbershalfway.A. stopB. to stopC. stopping D. stoppedMy mother often tells me this kind of milka little sweet.A. looks B. tastes C. turns D. feels I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No, shebe there. Ive just been there.A. can tB. mustntC. needntD.

24、wouldntyou seen the movie Gone with the Wind? No, never.A. Do B. Can C. Have D. HasTV until you finish your homework.A. Dont watchB. Not watchC. Arent watchD. Didnt watchyou have a sports meeting next month?A. Do B. Will C. Are D. CanKelly cooked dinnerher parents while they were cleaning the yard.A. with B. for C. to D. insteadIt willyou about thirtee