初中時(shí)態(tài)講解-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)初中時(shí)態(tài)講解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)初中時(shí)態(tài)講解復(fù)習(xí)目錄現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的定義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定，疑問(wèn)形式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去式的比較復(fù)習(xí)目錄現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的定義1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；2） 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 E.g. He has learned English since 2001.pastnowfuture現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：Have/has + done助動(dòng)詞 過(guò)

2、去分詞主語(yǔ)+ have/has +過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)Have:第一、二/ 復(fù)數(shù)Has: 第三人稱單數(shù)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：直，去，雙，變不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：AAA，ABB，ABA，ABC2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)+ 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(1)一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-

3、cried (4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(1)一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 重點(diǎn)1：寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Work _ _Live _ _Stay _ _Stop _ _Clean _ _Study _ _worked workedlived livedstayed stayedstopped stoppedcleaned cleanedstudied studied重點(diǎn)1：寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Work _不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞AA

4、A型 cost cost cost ；cut cut cut AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run； come came come become became becomeABB型 buy bought bought；build built builtABC型 begin began begun； choose chose chosen不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞AAA型 cost cost cost ；cut3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定與疑問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞have或has后面加上not、疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。否定句疑問(wèn)句I have not (haven

5、t) studied. Have I studied? You have not (havent) studied. Have you studied? He has not (hasnt) studied. Has he studied? 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定與疑問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞ha例題Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Shanghai before. (改為否定句) I _ _ been to Shanghai before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線

6、部分提問(wèn)) _ _ he come to school?havenotWhyhasnt重點(diǎn)2：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定與疑問(wèn)例題Rewrite the sentences. have比較have been to/in和have gone toHe has gone to Shanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾經(jīng)) 去過(guò)上海。比較have been to/in和have gone tohave(has) been in表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown h

7、as been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。have(has) been in表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，小結(jié)詞組含義搭配Have gone to到某地去了，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng) Have been to曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。 just, ever, never Have been in在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 since, for, how long 小結(jié)詞組含義搭配Have gone to到某地去了，表示到了重點(diǎn)3 have been to/in和have gone to 的對(duì)比例題1. Jane ha

8、s _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. never been C. went D. gone 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to3. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been

9、C, Do, go D. were, goingBBD重點(diǎn)3 have been to/in和have gone 4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。(漢語(yǔ)中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過(guò)”、“了”等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever ,two times等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成 My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve

10、met before. 我肯定我們以前見(jiàn)過(guò)面。Have you milked the cow yet?牛奶的奶擠了嗎？I have never heard that before.我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。 My daughter has just gone out2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如recently, lately, for, since, 等。如： We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開(kāi)已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been w

11、ith us since Monday. 她從周一開(kāi)始就跟我們?cè)谝黄鹆恕?）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段注意：a)since和for的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there，Tuesday, October-“自從”for后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。-“長(zhǎng)達(dá)”注意：a)重點(diǎn)4：since和for的區(qū)別1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Irel

12、and _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been

13、 ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.sincesincesincesinceforforforforfor重點(diǎn)4：since和for的區(qū)別1. Jim has bee注意：b)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用（不能和since, for, how long 連用）。 短暫性動(dòng)詞注意：b)短暫性動(dòng)詞 He has come here for 2 years. The old man has died for

14、 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句話可以改為：He has_ _ for 2years.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutesbeendeadbeenout錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)beenhere He has come here for 2 years.類似的轉(zhuǎn)換還有：fall asleepbe asleep move therebe there open be open 等 巧記10個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 “開(kāi)始離去借來(lái)還，出生入死買到家”1 beginb

15、e on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe here10 arrivebe here類似的轉(zhuǎn)換還有：fall asleepbe asleep 注意： c)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now一般過(guò)去式（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrot

16、e a letter to his parents last night.注意： c)一般過(guò)去式（錯(cuò)）Tom has written 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響。I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film. 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)2）一般過(guò)去時(shí) 常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2）一般過(guò)去時(shí) 常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;一般過(guò)去