新視野大學英語(第三版)讀寫教程第四冊課文及翻譯

1、愛情與邏輯：謬誤的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year everyguy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldnt stand the idea of being the only footballplayer who didnt, so he made a pact that hed give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. Hewasnt the brig

2、htest guy. Polly wasnt too shrewd, either.在我和室友羅伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次約會。那一年校園里每個人都有件皮夾克，而羅伯是校足球隊員中唯一一個沒有皮夾克的，他一想到這個就受不了，于是他和我達成了一項協(xié)議，用他的女友換取我的夾克。他可不那么聰明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。But she was pretty,well-off, didntdye her hair strange colors or wear too muchmakeup.She had the right background to be the girlfriend of

3、 a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could showtheelite law firms I applied to that I had , well-spokencounterpartby my side, Ijust might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也沒有把頭發(fā)染成奇怪的顏色或是化很濃的妝。她擁有合適的家庭背景，足以勝任一名堅忍而睿智的律師的女友。如果我能夠讓我所申請的頂尖律師事務(wù)所看到我身邊伴隨著一位光彩照人、談吐優(yōu)雅的另一半，我就很有可能在競聘中以微弱優(yōu)勢獲勝。Radiant she was alre

4、ady. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make herwell-spoken.After abanner day out, I drove until we weresituated under a big old oak tree on a hill offvenue with aperfect view of theluminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turneddown thestereoand took my foot of

5、f the brake pedal. What are we going to talk about?she asked.在一起外出度過了美好的一天之后，我驅(qū)車來到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡樹下。我的想法有些怪異。而這個地方能夠俯瞰燈火燦爛的城區(qū)，我覺得它會使人的心情變輕松。我們呆在車子里，我調(diào)低了音響并把腳從剎車上挪開。我們要談些什么？她問道。Cool, she said over her gum.好酷啊，她一邊嚼著口香糖一邊說。The doctrine of logic,” I said, is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in lo

6、gic distort the truth,and some of them are well known. First lets look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter.邏輯學的原理，我說道，即清晰思考的主要原則。邏輯上出現(xiàn)的問題會歪曲事實，其中有些還很普遍。我們先來看看一種叫做絕對判斷的邏輯謬誤?！焙冒?，她表示同意。Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good.Therefore, everybody should exercise

7、.絕對判斷是指在證據(jù)不足的情況下所作出的推斷。比方說：運動是有益的，所以每個人都應(yīng)該運動。She nodded in agreement.她點頭表示贊同。I could see she was stumped. Polly, I explained, its too simple a generalization. If youhave, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore, you mustsay exercise is good for most people.這個推斷太過簡

8、單化了。如果你有心臟病或者超級肥胖癥什么的，運動就變得有害而不是有益。所以你應(yīng)該說，運動對大多數(shù)人來說是有益的?！盢ext is Hasty Generalization. Self-explanatory, right? Listen carefully: You cant speakFrench. Rob cant speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speak French.接下來是草率結(jié)論。這似乎不言自明，對吧？仔細聽好了：你不會說法語，羅伯也不會說法語，那么這所學校里好像是沒有人會說法語?！盧eally? said P

9、olly, amazed. Nobody?This is also a fallacy, I said. The generalization is reached too hastily. Too few instancessupport such a conclusion.這也是一種邏輯謬誤，我說，這一結(jié)論太草率了，因為能夠支持這一結(jié)論的例證太少了?！盨he seemed to have a good time. I could safely say my plan was underway. I took her homeand set a date for another conver

10、sation.她似乎學得很開心，而我也可以放心地說我的計劃正在穩(wěn)步推進中。我把她送回家，并且定下了下一次約會交談的日子。Seated under the oak the next evening I said, Our first fallacy tonight is called AdMisericordiam.第二天晚上，坐在那棵橡樹下，我說：今天晚上我們要談的第一個邏輯謬誤叫文不對題?！盨he nodded with delight.她高興地點了點頭。Listen closely, I said. A man applies for a job. When the boss asks h

11、im what hisqualifications are, he says he has six children to feed.聽好了，我說，有個人去申請工作，當老板問他有什么應(yīng)聘資格時，他說他有六個孩子要撫養(yǎng)?！蓖郏@太可怕了，太可怕了，她哽咽著輕聲說到。Yes, its awful, I agreed, but its no argument. The man never answered the bosssquestion. Instead he appealed to the bosss sympathy - Ad Misericordiam.但這不是理由。這個人根本沒有回答老板

12、的問題，而只是在博取老她眨著眼睛，仍在竭力地忍住眼淚。Next, I said carefully, we will discuss False Analogy. An example, students should beallowed to look at their textbooks during exams, because surgeons have X-rays to guidethem during surgery.接下來，我小心地說，我們來討論錯誤類比。舉個例子：學生考試時應(yīng)該允許看課本，因為外科醫(yī)生在做手術(shù)時可以看 X 光片。”I like that idea, she s

13、aid.我喜歡這個主意，她說。Polly, I groaned, dont derail the discussion. The inference is wrong. Doctors arent takinga test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations are altogetherdifferent. You cant make an analogy between them.別打岔，這一推論是錯誤的。醫(yī)生們不是在參加考試以檢查他們學到了多少，而學生I still think its a

14、good idea, said Polly.With five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was ananalytical thinker at last. The time had come for the conversion of our relationship fromacademic to romantic.經(jīng)過五個夜晚的辛勤努力，我竟然真的將波莉打造成了一個邏輯行家，她總算能夠分析思考了?，F(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是時候讓我們的關(guān)系從學術(shù)向浪漫發(fā)展了。Polly, I said whe

15、n next we sat under our oak, tonight we wont discuss fallacies.Oh? she said, a little disappointed.Favoring her with a grin, I said, We have now spent five evenings together. We get alongpretty well. We make a pretty good couple.”Hasty Generalization, said Polly brightly. Or as a normal person might

16、 say, thats a littlepremature, dont you think?草率結(jié)論，波莉伶俐地說，“或者是按一般人的說法，這個結(jié)論有些不成熟，你不這樣認為嗎？”I laughed with amusement. Shed learned her lessons well, far surpassing my expectations.Sweetheart, I said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner, five dates is plenty. After all,you dont have to eat a whole cak

17、e to know its good.我被逗得笑了起來，她功課還真學得不錯，大大超過了我的預(yù)期。親愛的，”我開口說，同時寬容地拍了拍她的手，五次約會已經(jīng)夠多了，畢竟你不需要吃掉整個蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃?！盕alse Analogy, said Polly promptly.Your premise is that dating is like eating. But youre nota cake. Youre a boy.錯誤類比，波莉立即回應(yīng)?！澳愕那疤崾羌s會就如同吃東西?？赡悴皇堑案?，你是個男孩?！盜 laughed with somewhat less amusement, hidi

18、ng my dread that shed learned her lessonstoo well.A few more false steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and tryflattery instead.我又笑了笑，不過不覺得那么有趣了，同時還不能表露出我害怕她學得太好了。再錯幾步我可就無法挽回了。我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法。波莉，我愛你。請答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒有你我什么也不是?！盇d Misericordiam, she said.文不對題，她說。You certainly can discern a

19、 fallacy when you see it, I said, my hopes starting tocrumble.But dont take them so literally. I mean this is all academic. You know the thingsyou learn in school dont have anything to do with real life.不過不要對它們太死板，我是說這都是些學術(shù)的東西。你知道，學校里學的東西和實際生活根本沒有什么聯(lián)系。”Dicto Simpliciter, she said. Besides, you reall

20、y should practice what you preach.I leaped to my feet, my temper flaring up. Will you or will you not go out with me?我一下跳了起來，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”我不愿意，她答道。Why? I demanded.為什么？我追問道.我對另一位求愛者更感興趣羅伯和我重歸于好了?！盬ith great effort, I said calmly, How could you give me the axe over Rob?Look at me, aningenious

21、student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.Look at Rob,amuscular idiot,a guy whollnever where his next meal is coming from.Can you give me onegood reason why you should be with him?”我極力地保持著平靜，說道：“你怎么會甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個聰明過人的學生，一個不同凡響的學者，一個前途無量的人。再看看羅伯，一個肌肉發(fā)達的蠢材，一個有了上頓沒下頓的家伙。你是否能給我一

22、個充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？” what presumption! Ill put it in a way someone as brilliant as you canunderstand,”retorted Polly,her voice dripping with sarcasm. disclosure -I like Rob inleather.I told him to say yes to you so he should have your jacket!”喔，這是什么假設(shè)啊！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說吧，波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，事情的真相是我喜歡羅伯穿皮

23、衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”You must be careful how you answer this question. The best technique is to form an honestyet sensitive response, then promptly excuse yourself for some kind of emergency. Trust me,this is the easiest way out. No amount of rehearsal will help you come up with the rightansw

24、er.對于如何應(yīng)對這個問題，你一定得小心。最好的對策就是給一個誠實但又謹慎的回答，然后借口有急事馬上脫身。相信我，這是最簡單的方法。對于她的這一問題，無論你事先練習多少次，都不會找到正確答案。The problem is that men do not think of their looks in the same way women do. Most menform an opinion of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it for the rest of their lives. Somemen think theyre irres

25、istibly desirable, and they refuse to change this opinion even whenthey grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age.其原因是，男性和女性對外表的看法截然不同。大多數(shù)男性對自己外表的評價在七年級時就形成了，而且終生不變。有些男性認為自己有不可抗拒的魅力，即使隨著年齡的增長，他們頭發(fā)掉光了，臉上布滿皺紋，他們?nèi)匀痪芙^改變這種看法。Most men, I believe, are not arrogant about their looks. If the tran

26、sient thought passesthrough their minds at all, they like to think of themselves as average-looking. Being averagedoesnt bother them; average is fine. They dont affix much value to their looks, or think ofthem in terms of aesthetics. Their primary form of beauty care is to shave themselves, whichis

27、essentially the same care they give to their lawns. If, at the end of his four-minuteallotment of time for grooming, a man has managed to wipe most of the shaving cream outof the strands of his hair and isnt bleeding too badly, he feels hes done all he can.我相信，大多數(shù)男性都不會對自己的相貌感到過分自傲。如果他們偶爾想到自己外表的話，他們愿

28、意認為自己樣貌中等。長相普通不會使他們有任何煩惱，因為普通就已經(jīng)是很好了。男性不是特別注重自己的外貌，也不會從美學的角度去審視自己。他們的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子，就像打理自家草坪一樣。對于一位男性來說，如果能花四分鐘刮刮胡子，結(jié)束之后再把粘到頭發(fā)上的剃須膏擦凈，又沒有出血太厲害，他就覺得自己已經(jīng)盡心盡力了。Women do not look at themselves this way. If I had to guess what most women think abouttheir appearance, it would be: Not good enough. No matter

29、how attractive a woman may be,her perception of herself is eclipsed by the beauty industry. She has trouble thinking Imbeautiful, She magnifies the smallest imperfections in her body and imagines them as glaringflaws the whole world will notice and ridicule.女性可不是這樣看待自己的。如果非要我猜測大多數(shù)女性對自己的相貌是如何評價的話，那肯定

30、是：還不夠好。一位女士，無論她看起來多么吸引人，她對自己的看法總是由于受美容業(yè)的影響而蒙著一層陰影。要她認為我很漂亮以至于全世界的人都會注意到并且嘲笑她。Why do women consider their looks so deficient? This chronic insecurity isnt inborn, butcreated through the interaction of many complex psychological and societal factors,beginning with the dolls we give them as children. G

31、irls grow up playing with dollsproportioned so that, if they were human, they would be seven feet tall and weigh 61 pounds,with tiny thighs and a large upper body. This is an absurd standard to live up to, especiallywhen you consider the size of the dolls waist, a relative measurement physically imp

32、ossiblefor a living human to achieve. Contrast this absurd standard with that presented to little boyswith their action figures. Most of the toys that young boys have played with wereweird-looking, like the one called Buzz-Off that was part human, part flying insect. This guywas not a looker, but he

33、 was still extremely self-confident. You could not imagine him sayingto the others, Is this accessory the right shade of violet for this outfit?為什么女性會把自己的外貌想得這么差呢？這種長期的不安全感并不是與生倶來的，而是由許多復雜的心理和社會因素的相互作用造成的，從小時候大人們給她們買洋娃娃時就開始了。女孩成長過程中擺弄的洋娃娃，如果按照身材比例還原為真人大小的話，就會是 7 61 英磅重，大腿纖細，上身豐滿。要達到這樣的標準是很荒唐的，尤其是當我們

34、想想那種洋娃娃的腰圍尺寸，就知道其相對尺寸對任何一個活人來說都是不可企及的。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標準相比，小男孩們得到的“動作玩偶卻是完全不同的模樣。大多數(shù)男孩的玩具都樣貌古怪，例如那個叫作“蜜蜂俠”的玩偶，一半像人，一半像會飛的昆蟲。這個玩偶盡管樣子不好看，但仍然非常自信。你肯定無法想象他會問別人說：這個配飾的紫羅蘭色和這件外套配不配呢？”But women grow up thinking they need to look like Barbie dolls or girls on magazine covers,which for most women is impossible. N

35、onetheless, the multibillion-dollar beauty industry,complete with its own aisle in the grocery store, is devoted to constant warfare on femaleself-esteem, convincing women that they must buy all the newest moisturizing creams,bronzing powders and appliances that promise to stimulate and restore thei

36、r skin. I oncesaw an Oprah Show in which supermodel Cindy Crawford dispensed makeup tips to the studioaudience. Cindy had all these middle-aged women apply clay masks and otherwrinkle-removing products to their faces; she stressed how important it was to adhere tothe guidelines, like applying produc

37、ts via the tips of their fingers to protect elasticity. All thewomen dutifully did this, even though it was obvious to any rational observer that, no matterhow carefully they applied these products, they would never have Cindy Crawfords face orcomplexion.然而，女性在成長過程中卻認為自己應(yīng)該長得像芭比娃娃或雜志的封面女郎那樣，這對大多數(shù)女性來說

38、是不可能的。盡管如此，產(chǎn)值達幾十億美元的美容業(yè)，在超市化妝品銷售專區(qū)的配合下，總是在不停地攻擊激發(fā)和恢復”肌膚活力。我曾經(jīng)看過一期奧普拉脫口秀，在節(jié)目中，超級名模辛迪克勞馥和演播室里的觀眾分享了自己的化妝秘訣。辛迪要求這些中年婦女在臉上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皺產(chǎn)品；她還強調(diào)一定要遵守這些方法，例如：往臉上涂抹這些產(chǎn)品時，要用指尖，這樣可以保護皮膚的彈性。所有這些婦女都非常忠實地按照辛迪說的做了?？墒菍θ魏我粋€理智的旁觀者來說，無論她們?nèi)绾握J真地使用這些產(chǎn)品，她們都不可能擁有辛迪那樣的面容或膚色。Im not saying that men are superior. Im just saying

39、 that youre not going to get a group ofmiddle-aged men to plaster cosmetics to themselves under the instruction of Brad Pitt inhopes of looking more like him. Men dont face the same societal focus purely on physicalbeauty, and theyre encouraged to reach out to other characteristics to promote theirs

40、elf-esteem. They might say to Brad: Oh yeah? Well, what do you know about lawn care,pretty boy?皮特的指導下把化妝品敷到自己臉上，期望自己能看起來更像布拉德。與女性不同，男性的外貌美不是社會所關(guān)注的唯一焦點。人們會鼓”O(jiān)f course women argue that they become obsessed with appearance as a reaction topressure from men. The truth is that most men think beauty is mo

41、re than just lipstick andperfume and take no notice of these extra details. I have never once, in more than 40 yearsof listening to men talk about women, heard a man say, She had gorgeous fingernails! Tomost men, little things like fingernails are all homogeneous anyway, and one womansflawless pink

42、polish is exactly as invisible as anothers bare nails.當然，女性會爭辯說她們對外表的熱衷追求是出于對來自男性的壓力的一種反應(yīng)。而事實是，大多數(shù)男性認為美麗不僅僅來自于口紅和香水，而且他們也不會去注意這些額外的細節(jié)。四十多年來，我在聽男性談?wù)撆詴r，從來沒有一次聽到過哪位男性這樣說：“她的指甲真漂亮??！對大多數(shù)男性來說，像指甲這樣小的東西看起來都一樣，無論一個女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美無瑕，還是光光的毫無修飾，男性都一概視而不見。By participating in this system of extreme conformity,

43、 women are actually openingthemselves up to the scrutiny of other women, the only ones qualified to judge their efforts.What is the real benefit of working this hard to appease men who dont notice when it onlyexposes women to prosecution from other women?女性參與這種極端的從眾行為，實際上是把自己置于其他女性的審視之下，因為只有那些女性才有資格

44、評價她們所付出的努力。但是，如此費力地去取悅男性而他們卻根本不會注意，同時又只是招致其他女性的指責，這樣做究竟有什么好處呢？Anyway, to get back to my original point: If youre a man, and a woman asks you how shelooks, you cant say she looks bad without receiving immediate and well-deserved outrage.But you also cant shower her with empty compliments about how he

45、r shoes complement herdress nicely because shell know youre lying. She has spent countless hours worrying aboutthe differences between her looks and Cindy Crawfords. Also,she suspects that youre notqualified to voice a subjective opinion on anybodys appearance. This may be because youhave shaving cr

46、eam in your hair and inside the folds of your ears.不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當有女士問你她看起來怎么樣時，你千萬不能說她看起來很糟糕，那樣肯定會使她立刻遷怒于你，這也是你咎由自取。但是，你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之詞，贊美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配，因為她知道你是在說謊。她已經(jīng)花費了無數(shù)個小時發(fā)愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪 克勞馥的一樣。而且，也許因為你的頭發(fā)和耳廓上粘著剃須膏，她會懷疑你根本沒有資格對任何人的外表給出主觀評價。Unit 4Achieving sustainable environmentalismEnvironmental

47、sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief indemocracy or disapproval of plastic surgery. But now that everyone from Ted Turner toGeorge H. W. Bush has claimed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among thedozens of conflicting proposals, regulations and l

48、aws advanced by congressmen andconstituents alike in the name of the environment? Clearly, not everything with anenvironmental claim is worth doing. How do we segregate the best options and consolidateour varying interests into a single, sound policy?在上流社會，對環(huán)境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反對整容一樣，是一種不可或缺的態(tài)度。然而，既然從泰德特納到

49、喬治W.H.布什，每個人都聲稱自己熱愛地球母親，那么，在由議員、選民之類的人以環(huán)境名義而提出的眾多的相互矛盾的提案、規(guī)章和法規(guī)中，我們又該如何做出選擇呢？顯而易見，并不是每一項冠以環(huán)境保護名義的事情都值得去做。我們怎樣才能分離出最佳選擇，并且把我們各自不同的興趣統(tǒng)一在同一個合理的政策當中呢？There is a simple way. First, differentiate between environmental luxuries and environmentalnecessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to h

50、ave if costless. Necessities arethose things we must have regardless. Call this distinction the definitive rule of saneenvironmentalism, which stipulates that combating ecological change that directly threatensthe health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.有一種簡便的方法

51、。首先要區(qū)分什么是環(huán)境奢侈品，什么是環(huán)境必需品。奢侈品是指那些無需人類付出代價就能擁有的給人美好感受的東西。必需品則是指那些無論付出什么代價，都一定要去擁有的東西。這一區(qū)分原則可以被稱為理性環(huán)保主義的至高原則。它規(guī)定，對那些直接威脅人類健康與安全的生態(tài)變化采取應(yīng)對措施是環(huán)境保護的必需品，而其他則都屬于奢侈品。For example, preserving the atmosphere - stopping ozone depletion and the greenhouseeffect - is an environmental necessity. Recently, scientists

52、reported that ozone damage is farworse than previously thought. Ozone depletion has a correlation not only with skin cancerand eye problems, it also destroys the oceans ecology, the beginning of the food chain atopwhich we humans sit.例如，保護大氣層阻止臭氧損耗及控制溫室效應(yīng)是環(huán)境保護的必需品。近來，科學家報告說臭氧層遭受破壞的程度遠比我們先前認為的要嚴重得多。臭

53、氧損耗不僅與皮膚癌及眼疾有關(guān)，而且它還會破壞海洋生態(tài)。而海洋生態(tài)是食物鏈的起點，人類則位于該食物鏈的頂端。The possible thermal consequences of the greenhouse effect are far deadlier: melting icecaps, flooded coastlines, disrupted climate, dry plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets.The American Midwest feeds people at all corners of the atlas. With

54、 the planetary climatechanges, are we prepared to see Iowa take on New Mexicos desert climate, or Siberia take onIowas moderate climate?溫室效應(yīng)所可能引發(fā)的熱效應(yīng)是非常具有毀滅性的：冰川融化、海岸線被淹沒、氣候遭受破壞、平原干涸，最終食物消失殆盡。美國中西部地區(qū)的糧食供養(yǎng)著全世界。隨著全球氣候的變化，我們難道準備看到衣阿華州變成新墨西哥州的沙漠氣候，而西伯利亞變成衣阿華州的溫和氣候嗎？Ozone depletion and the greenhouse eff

55、ect are human disasters, and they are urgentbecause they directly threaten humanity and are not easily reversible. A saneenvironmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will strike a chord with the generalpublic, begins by openly declaring that nature is here to serve human beings. A saneen

56、vironmentalism is entirely a human focused regime: It calls upon humanity to preservenature, but merely within the parameters of self-survival.臭氧損耗和溫室效應(yīng)是人類的災(zāi)難，而且是需要緊急處理的災(zāi)難，因為它們直接威脅到人類，且后果很難扭轉(zhuǎn)。理性環(huán)保主義唯一能夠引起公眾共鳴的環(huán)保主張首先公開聲明，自然是服務(wù)于人類的。理性環(huán)保主義是一種完全以人類為中心的思想。它號召人類保護自然，但是是在人類自我生存得到保證的前提之下。Of course, this hum

57、an focus runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism thatindulges in overt earth worship. Some people even allege that the earth is a living organism.This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual. It is nothing more thansentimental. It takes, for example, a highly se

58、lective view of the kindness of nature, one thatis incompatible with the reality of natural disasters. My nature worship stops with the twisterthat came through Kansas or the dreadful rains in Bangladesh that eradicated whole villagesand left millions homeless.有的人甚至聲稱地球是一個活的生物體。這種環(huán)保主義喜歡把自己看作是神圣的，其實它

59、只是感情用事而已。比如，在自然是否友善的問題上，當下的環(huán)保主義采取了高度選擇性的片面的觀點，而這種觀點與自然造成的災(zāi)難這一現(xiàn)實是不相協(xié)調(diào)的。當龍卷風肆虐堪薩斯州，當瓢潑大雨襲擊孟加拉國，毀滅了整座整座的村莊，使幾百萬人失去家園的時候，我對自然的崇拜便停止了。A non-sentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagorass idea that Man is themeasure of all things. In establishing the sovereignty of man, such a principle helps

60、usthrough the dense forest of environmental arguments. Take the current debate raging overoil drilling in a corner of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Environmentalistcoalitions, mobilizing against a legislative action working its way through the US Congress forthe legalization of such ex