高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法綜合復(fù)習(xí)全解課件-介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)

1、教學(xué)輔助課件高中語(yǔ)法綜合復(fù)習(xí)全解教學(xué)輔助課件高中語(yǔ)法綜合 P3-1介詞和介詞短語(yǔ) P3-1介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)Do theexercisesindividually, and thencheckyouranswerswithyour partners.Do theexercisesindividually,Now check youranswers1-5In; By; for; in; by6-10in; with; in; by; forNow check youranswers1-5In; B基本用法例詞表示方位above,across,along,among,around,behind, ov

2、er, through表示時(shí)間after,as,at,before,during, since, 表示除去 besides,but,except表示原因/目的 for,with,from , of, over 表示支持、反對(duì)for/against表示工具、手段、方式by, in , on, with表示其他 of, against, like, by, as, with, beyond介詞基本用法例詞表示方位above,across,along考點(diǎn)題例一1. The meeting lasted _three hours yesterday.for2. _ the past 10 years,

3、 great changes have taken place in this area.During/Over3. Well have finished the work _ ten oclock tomorrow.by4. The sunlight came in _(穿過(guò)) the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.through考點(diǎn)題例一1. The meeting lasted _4. Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at th

4、e World Supermodel Competition.among5. Mexico is _ the south of North America.in6. Our office is _ the 6th floor of a ten-storeyed building.on7.Today, she lives thousands of miles away from me, but she sometimes by emails me about the books she is reading./4. Four Chinese models were _一、常用介詞表示年、月、日、

5、時(shí)刻等用at, in, onat用于表示時(shí)刻、時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)。at lunch 午餐時(shí) at breakfast早餐時(shí)at night 在夜間 at first 起初at times 偶爾，有時(shí) at the same time同時(shí)We usually have lunch at noon/at twelve.我們通常中午吃午飯(十二點(diǎn)吃午飯)。注意：表示時(shí)間的名詞前有this, last, next, every等修飾時(shí)，其前面不加介詞。this morning 今天早上； last Monday 上周一； every week 每周。一、常用介詞表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻等用at, in, ona

6、ton用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午(指具體的某一時(shí)，一律用on)。on Monday 在周一 on June 6 在6月6日on Tuesday morning在周二早上on May 4, 2003 在2003年5月4日on Christmas Day 在圣誕節(jié)那天on the night of July (the) first 在七月一日夜晚We didnt listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.周三下午我們沒(méi)去聽演講。on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午(指具in用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))。in M

7、ay 在五月in the holiday 在假期中 in summer 在夏季in September, 1995 在1995年9月in the morning 在上午in the 21st century 在二十一世紀(jì)People go skating in winter.人們冬天去滑冰。Do they work in the daytime or at night?in用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年和泛指的上2.表示時(shí)間的前后用before, after兩者既可以作介詞又可以作連詞。 before 在之前Wash your hands before dinner. (before作介詞) 吃飯前

8、請(qǐng)洗手。He will call me before he leaves here/before ten oclock. (前一個(gè)before作連詞；后一個(gè)before作介詞) 他離開這兒之前/十點(diǎn)之前，將給我打電話。2.表示時(shí)間的前后用before, after兩者既可以作介B. after 在之后Lets sing some songs after school.(after作介詞)放學(xué)后咱們唱歌吧！Please close the door after you leave the room. (after作連詞)離開房間后請(qǐng)關(guān)門。B. after 在之后3. 表示期限等用by, unti

9、l, tillA. by 在前(時(shí)間)；截止(到)by the end of在底(之前)by then 到那時(shí)by the time + 從句 在之前How many English books had you read by the end of last year?到去年年底以前你看過(guò)多少本英文書？She had left by the time I arrived.我到時(shí)(之前)她已經(jīng)走了。3. 表示期限等用by, until, tillA. byB. until/till 直到為止(時(shí)間)We didnt begin to watch TV until/till nine oclock

10、.一直到九點(diǎn)，我們才開始看電視。I will wait for him until he comes here.我將在這兒一直等到他來(lái)。B. until/till 直到為止(時(shí)間)4. 表示期間等用for, during, throughfor 達(dá)之久(表示經(jīng)過(guò)了多少時(shí)間)可以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)連用，但經(jīng)常和完成時(shí)連用。He has lived here for 20 years.他在這兒已經(jīng)住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days.我們要在這座城市待兩天。4. 表示期間等用for, during, throughfB. during

11、在期間They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他們打算好好休息一下。C. through 一直(從開始到結(jié)束)They played the cards through the night.He stayed in London through the winter.比較：for和during。for之后大多跟表示時(shí)間、具體天數(shù)等的數(shù)字名詞。而during后決不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞。B. during 在期間5.表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)等用from, since from 從起(時(shí)間)表示“從開始”時(shí)，一般都是用詞組f

12、romto，而單純表示確切的“從幾點(diǎn)開始”時(shí)用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.這個(gè)會(huì)議將從8點(diǎn)開到10點(diǎn)。The meeting will be held at eight.會(huì)議將從八點(diǎn)鐘開始。5.表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)等用from, since from 從B. since 自從以來(lái) (表示從以前某時(shí)一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù))I have been sick since yesterday.我從昨天起就病了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)一直病到現(xiàn)在)The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor

13、. (since作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句) 這個(gè)醫(yī)生自從當(dāng)醫(yī)生以來(lái)已經(jīng)拯救了許多人的生命。B. since 自從以來(lái) (表示從以前某時(shí)一6.表示時(shí)間的經(jīng)過(guò)等用in, withinA. in過(guò)后(未來(lái)時(shí)間), 大多用在將來(lái)時(shí)(一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))。in an hour 一小時(shí)之后in a week or so 大約一星期之后He will be back in five hours.他五小時(shí)之后回來(lái)。注意：如果用于過(guò)去式，用after+時(shí)間。She went to Nanjing last May, and she came back after a month.6.表示時(shí)間的經(jīng)過(guò)等用in,

14、 withinA. in過(guò)后B. within 不超過(guò)的范圍within 3 hours 3小時(shí)之內(nèi)within a week 一周之內(nèi)I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必須在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫好這只貓。比較：within和in。within強(qiáng)調(diào)“在時(shí)間之內(nèi)”，沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的限制。in是以限制為基礎(chǔ)，in an hour是指從現(xiàn)在起一個(gè)小時(shí)之后，所以in一般只用于將來(lái)時(shí)。B. within 不超過(guò)的范圍A. at在某地(表示比較狹窄的場(chǎng)所)at school 上學(xué) at home 在家at Baker Street 在貝克街2號(hào)sta

15、nd at the door 站在門邊at the bottom/back/end/head ofIll meet him at the Beijing railway station.我將去北京站接他。at & inA. at在某地(表示比較狹窄的場(chǎng)所)at & inB. in 在某地(表示比較寬敞的場(chǎng)所)in Beijing 在北京 in the world在世界上in the bed 躺在床上 in China 在中國(guó)in a book/newspaper 在書上/報(bào)紙上His brother is in prison. He was arrested 2 years ago.Mike

16、works in the prison.She was born in China.B. in 在某地(表示比較寬敞的場(chǎng)所) on 在上面，有接觸面。on the desk 在桌子上面on the map 在地圖上There are two maps on the wall. 墻上有兩張地圖。on 在靠近的地方on the right 在右邊 on the river在河邊on the pavement 在人行道上on & above & over & under & below on 在上面，有接觸面。on & above & ovB. above 在上方Our plane flew abo

17、ve the clouds.我們的飛機(jī)在云端上飛行。C. over 在正上方，是under的反義詞There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盞燈。A few birds were flying over the sea.有幾只鳥在海上飛。B. above 在上方D. under 在下面；在之內(nèi)under the table 桌子下面under the jacket 在夾克內(nèi)The dog is under the table.這只狗在桌子下面。E. below 在下方(不一定是正下方)正下方是under，below是above的反義詞。There are a

18、lot of fishes below the surface of the water. 水下面有許多各式各樣的魚。D. under 在下面；在之內(nèi) near近的，不遠(yuǎn)的near=not far，是far的反義詞。near還可以指時(shí)間。in the near future 在不久的將來(lái)Is there a bus stop near here?這兒附近有公共汽車站嗎？B. by 在旁邊，距離比near要近by the window 在窗戶邊 by me在我旁邊The boy is standing by the window. near & by near近的，不遠(yuǎn)的near & by be

19、tween 在兩者之間My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. 我們的老師正坐在湯姆和麥克之間。Whats the difference between A and B？B. among 在三者或更多的之中There is a beautiful house among the trees.在樹林之中有一間漂亮的房子。He is very popular among the students.他在學(xué)生之中很受歡迎。C. around環(huán)繞，在周圍，在四周The earth moves around the sun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。between &

20、among & around between 在兩者之間between & among in (the) front of 在的前面(前部)。There is a tree in front of the house.在房屋前面有一棵樹。There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.在教室前部有一張大講桌。B. behind 在后面，behind是in front of 的反義詞。There is a tree behind my house.我家房子后面有一棵樹。C. opposite 在對(duì)面Our sch

21、ool is opposite a university.我們學(xué)校在一所大學(xué)的對(duì)面。in front of & behind & opposite in (the) front of 在的前面(前部)。 in 在之內(nèi)，用于表示靜止的位置The students are in the classroom.學(xué)生們?cè)诮淌依铩. into 進(jìn)入用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向。通常用于表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞之后。如：go, come, walk, run等。The students run into the classroom.學(xué)生們跑進(jìn)教室。He jumped into the water. 他跳入水中。i

22、n & into & out of & up in 在之內(nèi)，用于表示靜止的位置in & into &C. out of和into一樣，也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向The students rushed out of the room.學(xué)生們沖出房間。D. up 移動(dòng)The children climbed up the tree.孩子們爬上了樹。C. out of和into一樣，也表示有一定的運(yùn) along 沿著I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿著河邊散步，突然下起雨來(lái)了。B. across 橫過(guò)I often swim a

23、cross the river.我常游泳橫渡這條河。along & across & past & through along 沿著along & across & pastC. past 經(jīng)過(guò)Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步經(jīng)過(guò)市政府。D. through 貫穿，通過(guò)The sun shone through the clouds.陽(yáng)光穿過(guò)云層照射下來(lái)。The river was through the city.這條河穿過(guò)這個(gè)城市。C. past 經(jīng)過(guò) to 到達(dá)地點(diǎn)(目的地)或方向He came to Japan in 1980.B.

24、for 表示目的地，“向”for表目的時(shí)，一般都是和固定動(dòng)詞搭配。leave for 動(dòng)身去 start for 出發(fā)去I will leave for America next week.下周我將動(dòng)身去美國(guó)。C. from 從地點(diǎn)起Its about ten minutes walk from here to the cinema.to & from & for to 到達(dá)地點(diǎn)(目的地)或方向to & from & with & for1.with多用于表示情緒的形容詞或身體動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞之后，表示某種心理或心理狀態(tài)的原因。I am satisfied with his service.2

25、. for 多與表示感情的抽象名詞或動(dòng)名詞及 reason, famous 等詞連用。The West Lake is famous for its scenery.with & for1.with多用于表示情緒的形容詞或身體against & foragainst 意為“反對(duì)”，指在觀點(diǎn)或主張等方面與某人采取對(duì)立的態(tài)度。against 還有“倚靠，逆著，相反，在的襯托下，與比賽”等意思。for 指在觀點(diǎn)或主張等方面與某人采取一致的態(tài)度，意思是“支持，贊成”，與in favor of 同義。against & foragainst 意為“反對(duì)”，指在Are you for or against

26、 the new road scheme?你對(duì)修建新道路的計(jì)劃是贊成還是反對(duì)？She was forced to marry against her will.她被迫違心地嫁了人。Thats against the law.那是違法的。The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.滑雪者的紅衣服在雪的襯托下顯得分外醒目。Are you for or against the newbesides & except &but &other than &except for1. 用于否定句時(shí)，besides, except與but

27、 可相互替換。No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/ besides/ but Lin Tao and Wu Dong.除林濤、吳東外沒(méi)有別的學(xué)生通過(guò)那么難的數(shù)學(xué)考試。besides & except &but 1. 用于否定句2. 用于肯定句時(shí)的區(qū)別1）except 意為：not including 除之外（不再有）We all passed the exam except Tom.除湯姆沒(méi)及格外，我們都及格了。（湯姆沒(méi)及格）2）besides意為：in addition to 除之外（還有）We have lots

28、 of things in common besides music.除了音樂(lè)我們還有很多共同點(diǎn)。2. 用于肯定句時(shí)的區(qū)別1）except 意為：not in注意besides在句中的位置較靈活，可放在句首，亦可放在句中；而except多放在句中。except前幾乎總有all, any, every, no及其復(fù)合不定代詞。He answered all the questions except the last one.除最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有回答外，其余所有問(wèn)題他都回答了。I have a few friends besides you.除了你之外，我還有幾個(gè)朋友。注意besides在句中的位置

29、較靈活，可放在句首，亦可放在句3）except for 表示“除了”之意，它所敘述的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)部分用來(lái)修正句子的主要意思。The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.這篇作文寫得很好，只是有些拼寫錯(cuò)誤。Your coat is good except for its color.你的外套很好，就是顏色不太好。注意：當(dāng)except 用于句首時(shí)，后面往往要加上for.Except for this, everything is in good order.=Everything is in good order except

30、 this. 除此之外，一切正常。3）except for 表示“除了”之意，它所敘述的事3. except 和but/other than 都可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞，可以互換；但except 后接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、when從句等時(shí)， but/other than 不可替換except.He has always been in high spirits except recently.除近來(lái)外，他總是精神飽滿。（副詞）The window is never opened except in summer.除夏天外，這扇窗戶從來(lái)不開。（介詞短語(yǔ)）He has always been busy e

31、xcept when it is Sunday.除星期日外，他總是很忙。（when從句）3. except 和but/other than 都可接名4. but, except 后都可接that 從句作賓語(yǔ)。I asked for nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week.我對(duì)他并無(wú)其他要求，只要他每隔一周給我寫一封信。5. besides 還可以作副詞，相當(dāng)于in addition; also; moreover; furthermoreI dont want to go. Besides,

32、 I am too tired.我不想去。再說(shuō)，我也太累了。This is my best suit. Besides, I have two others.這是我最好的一套衣服，我另外還有兩套。4. but, except 后都可接that 從句作賓語(yǔ)。in& on & to &off四個(gè)詞都可表示兩地之間的位置關(guān)系。in& on & to &off四個(gè)詞都可表示兩地之間的位置off 表示海面上靠近海岸的地方；或者強(qiáng)調(diào)兩地之間隔著一小段距離。New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.（強(qiáng)調(diào)靠近海岸）They arrived at

33、a house off the main road.（兩地隔著一小段距離）off 表示海面上靠近海岸的地方；或者強(qiáng)調(diào)兩地之間隔著一小段舉一反三1. _autumn coming, the trees are abundant in fruit.With2. _ graduating from college, she found a job as a nurse.After3. It has been snowing _ Christmas morning.on4.A great person is always putting others interests _ his own.above

34、5.Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?across舉一反三1. _autumn coming, the1. When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor ofD. in praise of考點(diǎn)題例二1. When asked about their o

35、pin2.Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan. A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time3._ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. A. Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of2.Wed better discuss everythi二、介詞短語(yǔ)with 短

36、語(yǔ)with anger 生氣地 with confidence有信心地with delight/joy 高興地with ease輕而易舉地with satisfaction 滿意地with success 成功地with kindness 親切地二、介詞短語(yǔ)with 短語(yǔ)with anger 生氣地 at 短語(yǔ)at a loss 不知所措 at peace 處于和平中at rest靜止不動(dòng) at sea 在海上，在航海at present 目前 at sunrise 日出時(shí)at the beginning of 在的開始at the cost of 以的代價(jià)at the mercy of 在的

37、支配下at the sight of 一看到就at the price of 以的價(jià)格at 短語(yǔ)at a loss 不知所措 at on短語(yǔ)on display 陳列 on line 在工作（運(yùn)行）on sale 出售，打折 on show 在展出on the go 在忙碌中 on the march 在進(jìn)行中on account of 因?yàn)閛n behalf of 代表on condition that 在的條件下，如果on no account/condition/occasion 決不on the basis of 以為基礎(chǔ)on the occasion of 在時(shí)on短語(yǔ)on disp

38、lay 陳列 oin短語(yǔ)in cash 用現(xiàn)金付款 in detail 詳細(xì)地in shape 在外形上 in anger 生氣地in debt 負(fù)債 in delight 高興地in despair 絕望 in doubt 不確定in print 已出版 in prison 在獄中in rags 穿著破爛 in ruins 成為廢墟in silence 沉默 in trouble 在困難中in wonder 驚奇地 in view 看得見in surprise 驚奇地 in order 就緒in短語(yǔ)in cash 用現(xiàn)金付款 in din短語(yǔ)in the face of 面對(duì) in addi

39、tion to 另外in case of 萬(wàn)一；如果；假如in charge of 掌管in consequence of 由于in favor of 支持，贊成in no case 決不 in no time 立刻in no way 決不 in spite of 盡管in honor of 向表示敬意in the charge of 在的管理下in短語(yǔ)in the face of 面對(duì) by 短語(yǔ)by accident 偶然 by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧 by force 用暴力by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 by nature 天生地by air/plane 乘

40、飛機(jī)by radio 通過(guò)收音機(jī)by weight/volume/size/number 按重量/體積/大小/數(shù)量by 短語(yǔ)by accident 偶然 of 短語(yǔ)of benefit 有益處的 of help 有幫助的of importance 重要的of interest 有趣的of significance 有意義的of use 有用的of value 有價(jià)值的of 短語(yǔ)of benefit 有益處的 out of 短語(yǔ)out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上氣不接下氣out of control 不受控制out of debt 不欠債out of order

41、 除故障out of patience 不耐煩out of season 過(guò)季out of the question 不可能out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)out of trouble 擺脫困難out of 短語(yǔ)out of balance 失去平衡beyond 短語(yǔ)beyond compare 無(wú)與倫比beyond comprehension 難以理解beyond description 難以描述beyond measure 非常，極其beyond question 無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯；毋庸置疑beyond reach 夠不到beyond words 難以表達(dá)beyond ones wilde

42、st dreams 做夢(mèng)都沒(méi)想到， 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)出乎所料beyond 短語(yǔ)beyond compare 無(wú)與倫比f(wàn)rom 短語(yǔ)be absent from 缺席be different from 不同于be far from 遠(yuǎn)離be free from 不受影響be safe from 免受的傷害from 短語(yǔ)be absent from 缺席其它常用短語(yǔ)according to 根據(jù) along with 隨著together with 連同 but for 要不是owing to 因?yàn)?by means of 借助于for fear of 唯恐 for the good of 為了的利益for

43、lack of 因?yàn)槿狈or the purpose of 為了起見for life 一生，終身其它常用短語(yǔ)according to 根據(jù) al舉一反三1. I am lucky. I have my dad in my life and we have a great relationship. Today hes _the way _being a second grandpa and is as proud as he can be.onto2. Jane is _ a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an ho

44、ur.inin舉一反三1. I am lucky. I have my d考點(diǎn)題例三He worked _ night and slept _ day.他晚上工作，白天睡覺(jué)。byby2. The new road will be completed _ the end of the year.這條道路將在年底以前建成。before3. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.against考點(diǎn)題例三He worked _ night and 三、介詞的句

45、法功能作定語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一律后置。He stared at the portrait on the wall.他盯著墻上的畫像。It was a good solution to my difficulty.這是一個(gè)解決我困難的好方案。Who is the girl with a foreign accent?帶外國(guó)口音的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？三、介詞的句法功能作定語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。Classes begin at eight. (修飾動(dòng)詞)八點(diǎn)鐘開始上課。Jane looks young for her age. (修飾形容詞)珍妮看起來(lái)比她的實(shí)際年

46、齡年輕。To my surprise, Li Ming passed the exam at all. (修飾全句)讓我驚奇的是，李明通過(guò)了考試。作狀語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)We are against/for you.我們反對(duì)/支持你。It was because of the heavy rain that we couldnt go out.因?yàn)檫@場(chǎng)大雨，我們出不去了。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I always find her at her studies.我總發(fā)現(xiàn)她在學(xué)習(xí)。We found the map quite out of date.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這地圖完全過(guò)時(shí)了。作表語(yǔ)舉一反三1. well have fini

47、shed the work _ ten oclock tomorrow.by2. The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with舉一反三1. well have finished the高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法綜合復(fù)習(xí)全解課件-介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)1. But my connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, to2. Most of us are more focused _

48、our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. onI. Multiple choice. 解析：to。go back to追溯到。解析：on。be focused on . 集中于。1. But my connection with pand3. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.with解析：with。句意：在印度，大部分人還是用傳統(tǒng)的吃飯方法用手吃飯，“with表示具體工具的名詞”表示“用”。3. In India, for e

49、xample, most4. For those who fly to Guilin, its only anhour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 5. When a new day breaks, the walls havegiven up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _the same time, they warm up again for the night. byat4. For those who fly to Guilin6. I got a place next _