草莓繁殖田套種增效栽培技術(shù)

1、草莓繁殖田套種增效栽培技術(shù)草莓營養(yǎng)豐富，味道鮮美,于冬春水果淡季上市，價格一直穩(wěn)居高位。因為草莓種植效益好,近年來栽培面積越來越大,僅盱眙縣草莓栽培面積就以每年20%的速度增加。草莓采用無性繁殖，667 m2用苗量較大,且價格較高(667 m2栽 6 000株以上，一般每株價格在0.40元以上 ,有時還比較緊缺，因此多數(shù)老種植 戶都選擇自己繁殖種苗。在淮安地區(qū)，草莓繁苗時間為3月下旬至8月上旬,是 雨水集中的時期，需要進行避雨栽培，因此多選在塑料大棚中進行。因為草莓繁 苗占地時間較長，為了充分利用土地以及草莓繁苗田的設(shè)施和能源，通過實驗總結(jié)出一套草莓繁殖田套種增效栽培技術(shù)，以彌補空閑時間的效益

2、，現(xiàn)介紹如下。Strawberry nu triti on is rich, delicious, fruit in the win ter and spri ng seas on, the price has bee n stubbor nly high. Because of better strawberry pla nting ben efit, cultivati on area in rece nt years, more and more big, only XuYiXia n strawberrycultivatio narea in creased at anannual r

3、ate of 20%. Strawberry the asexual reproducti on, 667 m2 with seedling amount is larger, and the price is higher (667 m2 planted over 6 000 stra ins, gen eral price at RMB 0.40 or above of a piece of, sometimes more shortage, so most of the old farmers choose their breedingseedlings. In huaian regio

4、n, strawberry numerous seedlingstime is in late march and early of August, there is a concen trati onofrain period,the n eed for shelter, so choose more in plasticgreenhouses.Because strawberries numerous seedlings for a long time, in order to make full use of land, and strawberry numerous MiaoTian

5、facilities and energy, summed up a set of strawberry breeding field through test efficiency interplanting cultivation technology, to make up for the benefit of free time, are presented as follows.土壤準(zhǔn)備soil preparation施足基肥sufficient basal草莓繁苗生長期長 ,對土壤肥力要求較高 , 在育苗前半個月要進行土壤深耕 , 每 667 m2 施腐熟有機肥 3 0004 00

6、0 kg 、磷酸二銨和硫酸鉀各 10 kg, 將 肥料撒勻 ,結(jié)合整地翻入土中。Strawberry numerous seedlings growing period long, higher requirements on soil fertility, soil in nursery before half a month to agriculture, each 667 m2 rotten organic fertilizer rates 3 4 000 000 kg each 10 kg, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, fer

7、tilizer be sprinkled uniformly, combined with land preparation in the grave.整地做畦soil preparation for beds在翻耕好的寬 6 m 的大棚中心做溝 ,溝寬 40 cm 、深 30 cm 以上,在大棚 兩邊做淺溝 ,溝寬 20 cm 左右。將溝中取出的土置于兩個畦面上 ,畦寬 2.5 m, 用 耬耙精細(xì)整地。栽母苗前 ,每 667 m2 用施田補 80 g 進行芽前除草。Greenhouses center in ploughing good 6 m wide groove, groove wid

8、th more than 40 cm, 30 cm deep, do shallow groove on both sidesin the greenhouse, about 20 cm wide. Remove groove in the soil in two strip surface, strip width 2.5 m, with Lou rake fine soil preparation.Before mother planted seedlings, each 667 m2 with ShiTian bud before the weeding fill 80 g.種苗選擇se

9、ed selection品種選擇variety selection選擇優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、抗寒、抗逆的草莓品種 ,當(dāng)前淮安地區(qū)在生產(chǎn)上常用的品 種有紅頰、豐香、櫪木少女、章姬等。Selection of high quality, high yield, cold resistance, art strawberryvarieties, huaian region currently commonly used in the production of varieties has red cheeks, FengXiang girl, tochigi, ZhangJi, etc.種苗選擇seedlin

10、gs一般繁育生產(chǎn)用苗多使用脫毒種苗作母苗 , 如果數(shù)量不足 ,可選用部分一代 苗做母苗 ,這樣的種苗病毒不多 , 繁殖能力強。普通苗或者二代苗、三代苗也可 以留種 , 但管理技術(shù)要求較高。所有苗應(yīng)沒有病蟲害, 根系良好 ,長勢整齊 ,具有34 片葉。General breeding production made mother seedling seedling use more seedlings seedlings, if the quantity is less than some optional do mother seedling generation seedlings, the

11、 seedlings virus, strong ability to reproduce 。 Common seedling or second generation plants, three generations of seedlings can be stallion, but higher requirements management techniques. All seedlings should be no plant diseases and insect pests, the root system is good, looks like the tidy, 3 4 le

12、af.定植母株the engraftment maternal于 3 月下旬至 4 月中旬開始定植 ,沿中心溝一側(cè)向畦面內(nèi)留 10 cm 左右各 定植 1 行,株距 4050 cm, 每 667 m2 定植 440550 株,通過匍匐莖的繁殖 , 可育成 4 萬株左右生產(chǎn)苗。定植時母苗莖基部要與表土平齊 ,以上不埋心、下不 露根為宜 ,定植后及時澆水。Began engraftment in late march until mid-april, lateral furrow surface along the center groove leaves 10 cm each engraftme

13、nt in 1 row, planting distance of 40 50 cm, each 667 m2 engraftment 667 550, by stolons breeding, seedling produced around 40000 strains breeding. Engraftment mother seedling stem base with surface soil level, when the above is not buried under the heart, not the root, engraftment after watered them

14、 in time.套種蔬菜interplanting vegetable套種速生蔬菜y the fast-growing vegetables在距離草莓母苗 30 cm 處向棚邊種植一些速生蔬菜 , 如散葉生菜、空心 菜、木耳菜、菜薹、青菜、大蔥等 , 待草莓伸蔓后 ,泰山奇石從草莓一端向外逐 漸采收 ,一般 667 m2 產(chǎn)量可達 500 kg 左右,大蔥可產(chǎn) 1 300 kg,667 m2 收 益增加 2 000 元左右。At 30 cm distance mother strawberry seedlings to grow some fast-growing vegetables, s

15、uch as leaf lettuce, water spinach, agaric, extraction, green vegetables, green Chinese onion, etc., after being strawberries and tendril, gradually outward from strawberry harvest, 667 m2 production can reach 667 kg or so commonly, green Chinese onion can produce 300 kg of 1, 667 m2 gains 2 000 yua

16、n.套種蔓生蔬菜interplanting vining vegetables 利用大棚內(nèi)側(cè)棚架定植或點播豇豆、菜豆或早熟扁豆 , 如果是鋼架大棚也可 以點播絲瓜 ,采用漁網(wǎng)線吊蔓 ,667 m2 可產(chǎn)豆類蔬菜 400 kg 或絲瓜 600 kg 。 6 月后 ,蔓生蔬菜的藤蔓可以幫助草莓苗遮陰 , 從而減少病毒病的發(fā)生。Using canopy inside the scaffolding engraftment or on-demand cowpeas, kidney beans, or premature lentils, if it is steel canopy can be on-

17、demand loofah, USES the fishing net wire hanging tendril, 667 m2 can produce 400 kg of legumes or loofah 600 kg. After 6 months, sprawling vines of vegetables can help strawberry seedlings shade, thereby reducing the occurrence of virus disease.田間管理field management水肥管理management of sewage sludge栽后及時

18、澆水 ,以后每 34 d 澆 1 次小水。因為套種了其他蔬菜 ,而且草莓 苗生長后期會鋪滿畦面 ,因此最好使用微噴帶 , 鏈條可將水肥一次性施用。因為 基肥施用比較充足 ,可在速生蔬菜采收后集中追肥 1 次, 每 667 m2 施用雷力沖 施肥 10 kg 。根據(jù)植株長勢 ,還可向葉面噴施 0.2%0.3% 的磷酸二氫鉀或高美 施生物肥 23 次。Plant timely watering, after every 3 4 d after pouring num 1 times. Because other vegetables, interplanting and strawberry se

19、edlings at later growth stage will be covered with bedding surface, so it is best to use micro spray belt, sewage sludge can be one-time use. Because more sufficient basal fertilizer, can in the fast-growing and vegetables after harvest concentrated fertilizer, leili fertilization 10 kg per 667 m2 a

20、pplication. According to plant growth, but also to the foliar spraying 0.2% 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high biological fertilizer 2 3 times.疏理壓蔓YaMan reorganization當(dāng)匍匐莖發(fā)出時 , 采用人工壓蔓的方法將新發(fā)出的莖蔓向畦面中心輕輕拉伸 使其分布均勻 ,然后用小土塊或細(xì)鉛絲固定 , 生長期內(nèi)注意及時疏理固定 23 次, 以保證匍匐莖生長均勻。泰安車庫門當(dāng)子苗基本布滿苗床時 ,要采取摘心的方法 及時除掉多余的和細(xì)

21、弱的匍匐莖 ,控制生長數(shù)量 , 一般每株母苗保留 80100 株 子苗 ,多余的細(xì)小子苗在匍匐莖著地前摘除。When when stolons, adopt the method of artificial YaMan will be issued new vines to the centre strip gently stretching, the uniform distribution, and then with a small clump or lead wire is fixed, fixed growth period, pay attention to timely addr

22、ess 2 3 times, for the evenness of stolon growth. When basic is full of seedbed seedlings, want to pick heart method in a timely manner to eliminate redundant and thin stolons, control the growth quantity, average per female seedlings keep 80 100 plant seedlings, extra fine boy seedlings in stolons removed before landing.摘老葉pick the leaflets母株移植成活后 , 要及時摘除老葉 ,以減少母株的營養(yǎng)消耗 ,促進其生長 ,提高 子苗繁殖率。Maternal survival after transplantation, to timely removal of old leaves, in