2022年高考英語真題之全國甲卷閱讀理解D篇

1、2022年高考英語真題之全國甲卷閱讀理解D篇2022年高考英語全國卷試題評析（摘要）2022年高考英語落實立德樹人根本任務(wù)，依據(jù)高校人才選拔 要求和普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，堅持“方向是核心，平穩(wěn)是關(guān)鍵” 的原那么，結(jié)合中學(xué)英語教學(xué)和復(fù)習(xí)備考實際，深化基礎(chǔ)性，考查關(guān) 鍵能力，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對學(xué)生德智體美勞全面開展的引導(dǎo)，加強(qiáng)教考 銜接，服務(wù)“雙減”工作，發(fā)揮高考的育人功能和積極導(dǎo)向作用。1.3關(guān)注時代開展，引導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)核心素養(yǎng)英語科試卷通過選擇具有時代特征的語篇，倡導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成獨立 思考的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，培育樂于探究的科學(xué)精神，構(gòu)建友好互助的人際 關(guān)系。英語科試卷通過選取禁止開車使用手機(jī)、悉尼新舊文化沖突、 新媒

2、體對家庭教育和生活的影響、英國征收糖稅的起因及效果等具 有探討性和思辨性的材料，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成獨立思考的習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)主 動發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和解決問題的能力；通過選取高科技無人機(jī)在鐵路交通 中的應(yīng)用、鸚鵡識別物體形狀的實驗、人類語言開展的研究及與捉 迷藏相關(guān)的兒童心理開展實驗等語篇，激發(fā)學(xué)生對科學(xué)實驗與研究 的興趣；通過選取關(guān)愛養(yǎng)老院老人的研究工程、勇救墜樓兒童、修 復(fù)父子親情關(guān)系等語篇，倡導(dǎo)友好互助、彼此關(guān)愛的和諧人際關(guān)系。語篇解讀Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can lea

3、rn to live healthier lives. Growing food in a community brings people together,she continues, “Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration示范）to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growin

4、g food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost（月匕料）made from food waste.Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green house use a geothermal（土也熱）system.

5、Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.“I like eating the vegetables “says five-year-old Owen Moss.What is mainly talked about in the passage?Eco City Farms save a lot of e

6、nergy.Eco City Farms helps the working-class live better.Eco City Farms are influencing community life.Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.According to the passage, Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT.shopping centerscar repair shopsfast-food restaurantsworking-class communityW

7、hat is the authors attitude toward Eco City Farms?A. Doubtful. B. Disappointed.C. Surprised. D. Enthusiastic（熱心的）.Eco City Farm gets its power fromlocal electricity networksthe sun with solar panelsthe green housea geothermal system32-35 DCDB【解題導(dǎo)語】這篇文章介紹的是生態(tài)城市農(nóng)場在美國的城市鄉(xiāng) 村越來越受歡迎，它如何運(yùn)作，給環(huán)境帶來的好處。.D考查主旨大

8、意題。根據(jù)第一段的句子：Eco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the Unites States.可知生態(tài)城市農(nóng)場在美國的城市鄉(xiāng)村越來越受歡迎。應(yīng)選Do. C 從第一段的句子：Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community.Maryland位于購物中心、汽車修理店和 住宅區(qū)附近，鄰居是勞動階級團(tuán)體。由此判斷A、B

9、、D都是對的， 應(yīng)選Co.D考查判斷推理題。A.Doubtful懷疑的;B. Disappointed 失望的;CSurprised吃驚的;D.Enthusiastic（熱心的）。從字里行 間，特別是第三段的句子;Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration （范例）to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.我們在這里做的每一件事是向人們展 示關(guān)于如何擁有一個生態(tài)美好的社區(qū)的范例?？芍髡邔ι鷳B(tài)城市 農(nóng)場是很有熱情的。應(yīng)選D。.B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題

10、。這篇文章介紹的是生態(tài)城市農(nóng)場，這 是以環(huán)保為理念的農(nóng)場。根據(jù)文章第五段的Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels 生態(tài)環(huán)保 農(nóng)場是一個試驗操作。農(nóng)場不是從當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)中獲得電力，而 是從太陽能板上獲取太陽能。A. local e加ctricity networks當(dāng)?shù)氐?發(fā)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)；B. the sun with solar panels帶有太陽能

11、板的太陽能； C. the green house 綠色家園；D. a geothermal system 地?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)。 應(yīng)選B。32-35-2【基礎(chǔ)】Youve flown halfway around the world; youve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wo

12、oden beach chair that holds you above the sand.It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, d

13、own the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. Its what this place offers, and its free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline see

14、m to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.Its early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what youd like to eat this evening. Before long hes rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that

15、 you ordered-every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. Theres no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.For now you just count your blessings （福祉），listing them in the sand with your toe （腳趾）. You dont

16、have to worry about being late for work. You dont have to do anything.The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon （地平線）, slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your righ

17、t; its unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.Normally youre the type who cant sit still for more than ten minutes, but youre on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches a

18、ll the way around the world.“How could it take me so long to find it?” you wonder.When the author first went to Huaplee Beach,.he found it unworthwhilehe failed to sort himself outhe became sensitive to smellhe had difficulty in finding itWhat is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?No me

19、nu.Free food.Self service.Quick delivery.In the authors opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he.A. sits in a beach chairforgets his daily routineplans a detailed scheduledraws pictures in the sandWhat does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?He shouldnt have co

20、unted his blessings.He should have understood the wonder of nature.He shouldnt have spent so much time on the trip.He should have come to the place earlier.32-35 DABD32-35-3【鞏固】One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that rec

21、eive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise （天堂）on earth.However, the scale and speed of this

22、growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism

23、can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday

24、-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes

25、 way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organisation; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in h

26、is village workinghis own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support

27、from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important

28、 that those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies, if not, in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph

29、 1?The Pacific island is a paradise.The Pacific island is worth visiting.The advertisement is not convincing.D. The advertisement is not impressive.The example of Nepal is used to suggest.its natural resources are untouchedits forests are exploited for farmlandit develops well in health and educatio

30、nit suffers from the heavy flow of touristsWhat can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?They are happy to work their own lands.They have to please the tourists for a living.They have to struggle for their independence.They are proud of working in multi-national organizations.Which of the fol

31、lowing determines the future of tourism?A. The number of tourists. B. The improvement of services.C. The promotion of new products. D. The management of tourism.The authors attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is.A. optimistic B. doubtful C. objective D. negative關(guān)鍵詞Sydney, cultur

32、ally diverse, progress, tradition, confused, combination主旨概要本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了悉尼在傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的碰 撞中開展及不同身份的人的觀點態(tài)度。百科知識ferryboat渡船，主要用于載運(yùn)旅客、貨物等渡過江 河、湖泊。渡船是一種短程運(yùn)輸船舶，船體結(jié)構(gòu)簡單， 具有良好的操縱性、穩(wěn)定性。catamaran雙體船，是指在兩個別離的水下船體上部 用加強(qiáng)構(gòu)架連接成一個整體的“船舶”。兩個船體內(nèi)各設(shè) 一部主機(jī)和一個推進(jìn)器。具有穩(wěn)定性好、安全舒適和操 縱靈活等優(yōu)點，常用作中、小型客船和渡船，但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù) 雜，搖擺周期短，中間體結(jié)構(gòu)較弱。不宜遠(yuǎn)洋航行。原

33、文出處網(wǎng)站鏈接語言知識重難點詞significant adj 學(xué)術(shù)詞有重大意義的,顯者的;discove r v 了解到，認(rèn)識到；superb adj極好的，絕佳的（近e xcellent） ； pilot v 名詞動化領(lǐng)航（船只）；living n 生 計，謀生；shuttle v 新課標(biāo)刪減詞頻繁往來（于甲地 和乙地之間）；run n航程；part v分別;elegant adj漂 亮雅致的;increasingly adv 派生詞不斷增加地（incre asing + -ly） ； modernity n 派生詞現(xiàn)代（modern + -31-35 CDBDC32-35-4【鞏固】How

34、 does an ecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have

35、found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食動 物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（獵物）,the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are we

36、akly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（滅絕）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species b

37、ecomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. I

38、n the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species一including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true

39、. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system woul

40、d tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（臨界點），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.What

41、have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?The living habits of species in food webs.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.What will happen

42、if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?The prey species they directly attack will die out.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.The populations of other species will experience unexpect

43、ed changes.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.Species of commercial value dominate other species.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.How does an early-w

44、arning system help us maintain the ecological balance?By getting illegal practices under control.By stopping us from killing large predators.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.32-35 BDAD【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué) 模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)

45、了一些食物網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵原那么?？茖W(xué)家們說一 個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)越過了它的臨界點，它們很難再回來。科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)建 立了一個基于數(shù)學(xué)模型的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)將會發(fā)出信號告訴我們 人類活動正將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰，允許我們采取措施將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)從 邊緣拉回來。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中 With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知， 借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)中的一些關(guān)鍵原那么。 應(yīng)選B。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中In the 1960s, scientists pro

46、posed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack.可知，處于 食物網(wǎng)頂端的食肉動物對它們沒有直接攻擊的其他物種的種群數(shù) 量有著驚人的控制，由此可推斷出，如果食物鏈頂級食肉動物的數(shù) 量大大下降，其他物種的種群將經(jīng)歷意想不到的變化。應(yīng)選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段 And unplanned human a

47、ctivities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可知，無計劃的人類活動證明了由頂級掠食者自上

48、而下控 制的想法是正確的。在海洋中，我們大規(guī)模捕撈鱷魚等頂級捕食者， 而在陸地上，我們殺死狼等大型捕食者。這些行為極大地影響了生 態(tài)平衡。由此可推斷出，不受控制的人類活動會極大地破壞了生態(tài) 系統(tǒng)。應(yīng)選A。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a break

49、down or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.可知，早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng) 通過發(fā)出緊急需要采取預(yù)防行動的信號幫助我們維持生態(tài)平衡。故 選D。32-35-5【提升】California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees l

50、arger than two feet across has declined by 5() percent on more than 46, 00() square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the

51、number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into

52、 the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(資源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a wides

53、pread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees

54、were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause tre

55、es to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.What is the second paragraph mainly about?The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.The increasing variety of California big trees.The distribution of big trees in Cal

56、ifornia forests.The influence of farming on big trees in California.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?Ecological studies of forests.Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.What is a major cause of the water shortage according

57、 to McIntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.What can be a suitable title for the text?Californias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonWhy Are the Big Trees Important to Californ

58、ia Forests?Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California32-35 ADCA【解析】這是一篇說明文。根據(jù)一項研究顯示，自20世紀(jì)30 年代以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，而氣候變化似乎是其主要 因素。Ao主旨大意題。第二段中，作者用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明了大樹 損失在各個地區(qū)的嚴(yán)重程度，沒有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響，應(yīng)選AoDo推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfirecontrol has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete

59、 with big trees for resources（資源）.可知，對野火的控制使 得加利福尼亞的森林里擠滿了小樹，與大樹爭奪資源，也就是對野 火的控制是善意的，但對大樹產(chǎn)生了不利的影響。應(yīng)選D。Co 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water

60、supply available to trees during the dry season.可知，造成加州水資源短缺的最大因素是溫度升高，這導(dǎo)致 樹木向空氣中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，這減少了旱季對 樹木的供水量。應(yīng)選C。A。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來， 加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，文章分析了引起該現(xiàn)象的幾個主要因 素。全文圍繞“加州森林的大樹都去哪兒了”話題展開，應(yīng)選項A。31-35-6【真題】（2015湖南卷）In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the sprin