電大 英語3 教案 Unit4課件

1、Unit 4Changes in life一：Key Teaching Points .Structures: *Present Perfect Vs Past Simple Tense （ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 ）*practice talking about the future(談?wù)搶?*study attributive clauses(定語從句)二：. The Grammar explained 1. Present Perfect Vs Past Simple Tense （ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 ） *表示過去固定時(shí)間的狀語，如： ago （ 以前 ）、yest

2、erday （ 昨日 ） 、以及以when 為首的疑問句，皆不可與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別；1當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某時(shí)的狀語時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而多用一般過去時(shí)。 eg : I saw Mary an hour ago .She lost her handbag yesterday .2有些時(shí)間狀語，如：this morning , tonight , this month 等，既能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又能用于一般過去時(shí)，但意義上有差別。 eg : Ive written three letters this morning . （ 說話時(shí)仍是上午。）I wrote thre

3、e letters this morning . （ 說話時(shí)已是下午或晚上。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都表示在過去做的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等。而一般過去時(shí)，則只表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。所以，表示過去固定時(shí)間的狀語只能與一般過去時(shí)連用，而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。 過去時(shí)的其他時(shí)間狀語： a week ago , earlier this month , the other day , last week , in the morning , on Friday , just now .* 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的其他時(shí)間狀語： up to now ,

4、till now , until now , since Monday , since last week , since I came here , lately , recently , for a long time , these days , in the last few days .4) Have you ever been to the Forbidden City before ? Yes , I have . When did you go there ? Last week .5) Ive just seen a horrible accident . Oh , what

5、 happened ? A truck ran into a cyclist .判斷正誤：1) I played tennis yesterday . ( )I have played tennis yesterday . ( )2)I had lunch just now . ( )I have just had lunch . ( )3)When did you come here ? ( )When have you come here ? ( )4)Ive been busy since yesterday . ( )Ive been busy yesterday . ( )二：點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞

6、；It has been four years since his father died . 他父親已去世四年的。終點(diǎn)性動(dòng)詞（也叫點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，到了終點(diǎn)就不能再延續(xù)，因此不能與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。常用的點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞：buy , borrow , leave , join , die , marry , come , go , lost , begin , stop .have ( has ) got ;a. have got 形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，實(shí)際上和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的have意思相同； He has got ( = has ) a slight headache . 他有點(diǎn)頭痛。

7、 Have you got ( = Do you have ) a light ? 有火嗎？b. “have got + 不定式”表示必須； Weve got to use every precious minute for the four modernizations . 我們必須為四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化利用寶貴的每一分鐘。have ( has ) gone to : 去某地了（說話時(shí)某人已離開此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般說來此句型只用于第三人稱），此句型不能與上述時(shí)間狀語連用。He has gone to America twice . ( )He has gone to Americ

8、a . ( )（意思為他已經(jīng)去了美國，現(xiàn)不在此地）He has been to America twice . ( )他去過美國兩次。 2. talking about the future(談?wù)搶?1).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來表示最近的將來,說明打算、安排和意圖。如： Next month Im having discussions with an agent in Brazil. Were staying for two weeks and were visiting Rio.2).“be going to +動(dòng)詞原形”也可用來談?wù)搶淼囊鈭D。相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞intend. 如：Im going

9、to work till I drop.Im going to build another workshop.Im going to take on extra staff for that as well.以上的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以用來表示將來。若強(qiáng)調(diào)安排常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)意圖常用“be going to +動(dòng)詞原形”。 表示安排Are you free in July?No,Im staying with my parents in July.Can you come out this evening?No,Im studying hard for the exams. 安排意圖Have

10、 you got any plans for the summer?Im going to stay with my parents in July.What are your plans for the weekend?Im going to study hard for the exams.Next weekend/week/month/year;the weekend/week/month/year after next（下下個(gè)周末/下下周/下下月/后年）in three days/months/yearstime(三天/月/年后)注意：如果名詞為單數(shù)形式，應(yīng)為：one days tim

11、e,one years time這些時(shí)間短語可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。如：The day after tomorrow Im signing a new contract with an Italian customer.Im having discussion with an agent in Brazil next month. 關(guān)系代詞who 關(guān)系代詞who在從句中用作主語,是主格,只可指人.如:I listened to the other journalists who were excited about the changes in Russia.我聽到別的記者興奮地(談?wù)?俄

12、國發(fā)生的變化.這個(gè)句子用who將下面兩個(gè)句子連接起來:I listened to the other journalists.The other journalists were excited about the changes in Russia.關(guān)系代詞who不僅連接了兩個(gè)句子,而且在從句中作主語,取代原句中的the other journalists.This is the man who helped me.The girl you want to see is the one who lives next to me.Who的賓格是whom,在從句中用作賓語.在非正式文體中,who

13、也可以用作賓語.如:The girl who I met yesterday is called Polly.This is the person who you are looking for. 關(guān)系代詞which 關(guān)系代詞which一般指物, 在從句中既可以用作主語,也可以用作賓語(在非正式文體中可省去).如:It hit the police car which was stopping the traffic.它(那輛車)撞在了正在攔截車流的警車上.這個(gè)句子用which將下面兩個(gè)句子連接起來:It hit the police car.The police car was stoppi

14、ng the traffic.關(guān)系代詞which不僅連接了兩個(gè)句子,而且在從句中作主語,取代原句中的the police car.The building which stands near the river is our school.This is the book which you want. 關(guān)系代詞that關(guān)系代詞that 在從句中既可以用作主語,也可以用作賓語(在非正式文體中可省去); 既可以指人,也可以指物,因此在使用who或which之處都可以用that.如:I listened to journalists that/who were excited about the

15、changes.It hit the police car that/which was stopping the traffic.注意關(guān)系代詞that 基本不用于引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句. 關(guān)系代詞whose關(guān)系代詞whose是who的所有格,在從句中用作定語,多指人.如:I started looking after other children whose parents went out to work.我開始幫那些外出工作的父母照看孩子.這個(gè)句子用whose將下面兩個(gè)句子連接起來:I started looking after other children.Their parents w

16、ent out to work.Do you know the man whose name is Wang yu?Is there any one in our class whose home is in the city. 關(guān)系代詞的省略如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作主語, 關(guān)系代詞是不能省略的.但如果作賓語,則可以省略.Do you know the girl who/that I am meeting tonight?Do you know the girl I am meeting tonight?I have found the keys which/that I lost.I h

17、ave found the keys I lost.將下列每組句子用who,which或that連接成一個(gè)句子.1. The hospital was shut. We wanted to visit the hospital.2. Most of the journalists couldnt speak Russian. We met the journalists in Moscow.3. We wrote the report in two hours. You asked for the report immediately.4. The books are in the library. We need the books for thr article.5. I liked the cameras. We chose the cameras for the Bosnia job.6. The newspaper has closed. I used to work for this newspaper.1. The hospital which we wanted to visit was shut.2. Most of the journalists who we met in Moscow c