醫(yī)學(xué)類(lèi)英語(yǔ)詞根(章節(jié)講課)課件

1、Medical Englishfor postgraduates主講人：彭繼蘭 1章節(jié)課件Medical Englishfor postgradua Word building基本意義單位 第一種符號(hào) 第二種符號(hào) (word) (root) 人 man anthrop 花 flower antho 時(shí) time chron 色 colour chrom 2章節(jié)課件 Word building2章節(jié)課件石 stone lith 水 water hydro 生命 life bio 頭 head cephal 牙 tooth dent3章節(jié)課件石 stone lith- lithoscope 結(jié)石檢

2、查器 lithectomy 結(jié)石切除術(shù) lithoid 如石的 -lith urolith 尿結(jié)石 nephrolith 腎結(jié)石 cholelith 膽結(jié)石4章節(jié)課件 lith-4章節(jié)課件 aerolith 隕石 megalith 巨石 monolith 獨(dú)石柱 trilith 三石(塔) zoolith 動(dòng)物化石 entemlith 昆蟲(chóng)化石5章節(jié)課件 aerolith 隕石5章節(jié)課件The parts of human body 人體部位 1.頭head capit- caput- L cephal- G 2.頸 neck carotico- G cervic- L 3.胸 chest p

3、ectus- L pectoris a. steth- G thorac- G6章節(jié)課件The parts of human body 人體部位 64.腹 abdomen abdomin- L lapar-G5.腰 waist n. lumb- L lumbus L n. 6.盆,腎盂 pelvis pelvi- L7.肩 shoulder om- L8.臂 arm brachi- L brachium n.9.肘 elbow cubitus L7章節(jié)課件4.腹 abdomen abdomin- L10.前臂 forearm antebrachi-11.腕 wrist carpus- L12.

4、手 hand manu- L manus n. cheir- kair G8章節(jié)課件10.前臂 forearm antebra13.指(趾) finger (toe) dactyl- G dactylogram /fingerprint 指紋 phalanx n. G digitus n. L14.臀 buttock (breech / nump) clunis L n. gluteal G a. gloutos n. pyg- G9章節(jié)課件13.指(趾) finger (toe) dactyl-15.股 thigh femur- L n.16.膝 knee genu- L17.小腿 leg

5、crus L 18.踝 ankle talus L n.19.足 foot ped- L pod- G 10章節(jié)課件15.股 thigh femur- organs and tissues 組織和器官1. cell 細(xì)胞 cyt- -cyte G2. gland 腺體 aden- G3. muscule 肌肉 muscul- L my- G4. skin 皮膚 derm(at)- G5. bone 骨 oste- G6. joint 關(guān)節(jié) arthr- G7. heart 心 cardi- G 心肌 myocardi-11章節(jié)課件 organs and tissues 組8. brain 腦

6、encephal- G cerebrum 大腦 cerebr- L cerebellum 小腦 cerebell- L9. bile 膽（汁） bili- L chole-, chol(o)- G10. liver 肝 hepat- G11. stomach 胃 gastr- G12. intestine 腸 enter- G 12章節(jié)課件8. brain 腦 encephal- 13. lung 肺 pneumon- G 肺炎 pneumonia ,pneumonitis 14. pneum(at)- 呼吸，空氣，肺 氣胸 pneumothorax 15. bronchus 支氣管 bron

7、ch- L 16. spleen 脾 splen- G 17. kidney 腎 nephr- G ren- L 18. testis 睪丸 orchi(d)- G13章節(jié)課件13. lung 肺 pneumon- G19. womb 子宮 metr- G uter- L 20. breast 乳房 mast- G mamm- L21. spine 脊柱 rachi- G22. eye 眼 ophthalm-G ocul- L 左眼 oculus sinister (0.S.) 右眼 oculus dexter (0.D.)14章節(jié)課件19. womb 子宮 metr- 23. ear 耳 a

8、uri- L 外耳，心耳 ot- G otitis media 中耳炎24. nose鼻 nas- Lotorhinolaryngology耳鼻喉科學(xué) rhin- Grhinophyma (肥大性）酒糟鼻25. throat 咽 pharyng- Gpharynx n. pharyngitis 咽炎 throat 喉 laryng- G larynx n.15章節(jié)課件23. ear 耳 auri- L 外耳，心耳 喉炎 laryngitis26. tooth dent- L dentistry 牙科學(xué) dentist牙科醫(yī)生 denture 義齒，牙托 odont- Godontolith 牙

9、結(jié)石27. blood vessel angi- G vascul- L vascular adj. vasospasm 血管痙攣 vasoconstriction 血管收縮16章節(jié)課件 喉炎 laryngi28. vein 靜脈 ven- L phleb- G 29. artery 動(dòng)脈 arteri- L30. nerve 神經(jīng) neur- G neurasthenia神經(jīng)衰弱31. blood 血 haem-, hemat-, hem- 32. bladder 膀胱 G cyst- cystitis 膀胱炎 cystofibroma 囊性纖維瘤17章節(jié)課件28. vein 靜脈 ven-

10、 L 33. bile duct 膽管 cholangi-34. fat 脂肪 lip- G35. fibre 纖維 fibr- L36. trachea 氣管 trache- G 37. meninx 腦膜, 脊髓膜 mening-G 38.spinal cord脊髓 myel- G 18章節(jié)課件 33. bile duct 膽管 cholangi-39. encephalomyel- 腦脊髓 40. colon 結(jié)腸 colo- G41. thrombus血栓 thromb- G （embolus，plug)42. platelet血小板 thrombocyt- G19章節(jié)課件39. en

11、cephalomyel- 腦脊髓 Diseases and morbid condition 疾病和病態(tài)1. 炎 (inflammation) -itis G2. 疼痛 (ache) - algia G neuralgia 神經(jīng)疼痛 myalgia 肌肉疼痛 arthralgia關(guān)節(jié)疼痛3. 膨出，疝 (hernia) -cele G gastrocele 胃疝4. 擴(kuò)張, 膨脹(dilation) -ectasis G bronchiectasis 支氣管擴(kuò)張20章節(jié)課件Diseases and morbid condition 5. 充血, 血癥 (congestion) -emia G

12、anemia 貧血癥 leukemia 白血病 bacteremia 菌血癥 6. 巨大, 腫大 (swelling) -megaly G hepatomegaly 肝腫大 splenomegaly 脾腫大7. 瘤 (tumor) -oma G fibroma 纖維瘤 lipoma 脂肪瘤 encephaloma 腦瘤21章節(jié)課件5. 充血, 血癥 (congestion) -emia8. 病, (異常)增多 ( abnormal increase) -osis acidosis 酸中毒 leukocytosis白細(xì)胞增多9. 減少 (decrease) -penia G lymphocyto

13、penia 淋巴細(xì)胞減少 leukocytopenia 白細(xì)胞減少10. 麻痹, 癱瘓 (paralysis)plegia G hemiplegia 半身不遂 quadriplegia 四肢癱瘓22章節(jié)課件8. 病, (異常)增多 ( abnormal incre11. 下垂 (prolapse) -optosis gastroptosis 胃下垂 choleocystoptosis 膽囊下垂12. 出血 (hemorrhage) -rrhagia rhinorrhagia 鼻出血 gastrorrhagia胃出血23章節(jié)課件11. 下垂 (prolapse) -optosis Surgica

14、l Operation（外科手術(shù)）1. 穿刺 (puncture)-centisis G abdominocentisis 腹腔穿刺 thoracocentisis 胸腔穿刺 2. 切除術(shù) (excision, removal, resection) -ectomy G thyroidectomy 甲狀腺切除術(shù)3. 切開(kāi)術(shù)(incise, incision), otomy G tracheotomy 氣管切開(kāi)術(shù) angiotomy 血管切開(kāi)術(shù)24章節(jié)課件 Surgical Operation（外4. 造口術(shù), 吻合術(shù) (anastomose v. anastomosis n.) -ostomy

15、 gastrostomy胃吻合術(shù) enterostomy 腸造口術(shù) colostomy 結(jié)腸造口術(shù) tracheostomy氣管造口術(shù)5. 縫合術(shù) (suture)orrhaphy cardiorrhaphy, neurorrhaphy, angiorrhaphy25章節(jié)課件4. 造口術(shù), 吻合術(shù) 25章節(jié)課件Position 方位1.在之上 , 在之外 epi-G (on,out) epicondyle 髁上骨 epicardium 心外膜 epicardiectomy 心外膜切除術(shù) epidermis 表皮26章節(jié)課件Position 方位1.在之上 , 在之外 e 在上,超過(guò) (abov

16、e ) super-L supra-L superacute 超急性的 supernormal 超常的 superextension 伸展過(guò)度的 supra-epiocondylar 位于髁上骨之上的 supranormal 超常的 suprarenal 腎上的，腎上腺的27章節(jié)課件 在上,超過(guò) (above ) 27章節(jié)課件2、在下，次于，不足 sub- L (under ) subacute 亞急性的 subtotal 次全的 subclinical 亞臨床的 subcostal 肋下的 subnutrition 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足下，在下( beneath) infra-L 28章節(jié)課件2、在下，

17、次于，不足 sub- L28 infracostal 肋下的 infracortical 皮質(zhì)下的 infraorbital 眼眶下的 infra-axillary 腋下的3、向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)（within） end(o)- G endocrine 內(nèi)分泌 endotoxin 內(nèi)毒素29章節(jié)課件 infracostal 肋下的29章金 endoscope 內(nèi)窺鏡 endogenous 內(nèi)源性的內(nèi)，在內(nèi)(within) intra- L intracardiac 心臟內(nèi)的 intramuscular 肌肉內(nèi)的 intraoperative 手術(shù)中的 intravenous 靜脈內(nèi)的 intrahepa

18、tic 肝內(nèi)的30章節(jié)課件金 endoscope 內(nèi)窺鏡30章節(jié)課件在內(nèi)，入內(nèi)，進(jìn)入(within) intro- L introgastric 導(dǎo)入胃內(nèi)的 intromit 插入 introvert 性格內(nèi)向的 introflexion 內(nèi)屈4、外，外側(cè)(outside) ect(o)- G ectocardic 心臟異位的31章節(jié)課件在內(nèi)，入內(nèi)，進(jìn)入(within) intro- L31 ectogenous 外源性的 ectotoxin 外毒素向外 、在外(outside) exo- G exotoxin 外毒素 exocrine 外分泌 exocardia 心臟異位外，額外、向內(nèi)(ou

19、tward ) extra- L 32章節(jié)課件 ectogenous 外源性的3加在形容詞之前表示超出、越出之外 extracellular 細(xì)胞外的 extrasystole 期外收縮的 extralegal 法律權(quán)力以外的 extraordinary 非凡的5、在前 ( before) ante- L anteflexin (子宮)前屈 antemarital 婚前33章節(jié)課件加在形容詞之前表示超出、越出之外33章節(jié)課件 A.M.=antemeridian 午前、上午 antemortem 死前(before) pre- L precardium 心前部（心口） premature 早產(chǎn)的

20、， precapillary 前毛細(xì)血管 presystole 收縮前期34章節(jié)課件 A.M.=antemeridian 午前、上前，初，前體 (before , forward) pro- G proenzyme 酶原 procedure 程序 prochromosome 初染色體6、post-L (after) postmeridian 午后的 postdiastolic 舒張后的 posthepatitic 肝炎后的35章節(jié)課件前，初，前體 (before , forward) pr postcerebral 大腦后的 postwar 戰(zhàn)后的 postcerebellar 小腦后的 po

21、stmortem 死后(尸檢) postgraduate 研究生retro- L (backward) 向后，倒退 retroperitoneal 腹膜后的 retroaction 反作用的36章節(jié)課件 postcerebral 大腦后的36章節(jié)課件 retrobronchial 支氣管后的7、旁，外，副 ，遠(yuǎn)處 para- G parathyroid 甲狀旁腺的 paraplegia 截癱的，下肢麻痹的 parasympathetic 副交感的8、在周?chē)?peri- G pericardium 心包37章節(jié)課件 retrobronchial 支氣管后的37章節(jié) periosteum 骨膜 p

22、erimeter 周長(zhǎng)38章節(jié)課件 periosteum 骨膜38章節(jié)課件 Comparison 對(duì)比1. macro- 大(異常體積) G巨球蛋白 macroglobulin巨細(xì)胞 macrocyte巨結(jié)腸 macrocolon肉眼檢查 macroscopemega- G 巨直腸 megarectummegalo- G 巨 脾 megalosplenia39章節(jié)課件 Comparison 對(duì)比39章節(jié)課件 micro- 小 G 微生物 microbe 顯微鏡 microscope 顯微外科 microsurgery 微型手術(shù)刀 microtome 微波 microwave40章節(jié)課件 mic

23、ro- 小 G40章節(jié)課件 2. multi- 多 L 多病灶的 multifocal 多核的 multinuclear 多型的 multiform 多菌感染 multi-infection 細(xì)胞簇 multicell pluri- 多 L 多核的 plurinuclear41章節(jié)課件 2. multi- 多 L41章 全血球減少 pluricytopenia 多種耐藥性的 pluriresistant poly- 多 G 多腺瘤 polyadenoma 多血管炎 polyangiitis 紅細(xì)胞增多癥 polycytemia 多動(dòng)脈炎 polyarteritis 42章節(jié)課件 全血球減少 p

24、luricytopen oligo- 少,不足 G 紅細(xì)胞過(guò)少 oligocytemia 白細(xì)胞過(guò)少 oligoleukocytosis 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足 oligotrophia 膽汁過(guò)少 oligocholia43章節(jié)課件 oligo- 少,不足 G43章節(jié)課件3. tachy- 快 G心動(dòng)過(guò)速 tachycardia呼吸急促 tachypnea記速器 tachymeter快速免疫法 tachyphylaxis心收縮過(guò)速(期外收縮 ) tachysystole 44章節(jié)課件3. tachy- 快 G44章節(jié)課件brady- 慢 G心動(dòng)過(guò)緩 bradycardia呼吸徐緩 bradypnea心舒張期

25、延長(zhǎng) bradydiastole45章節(jié)課件brady- 慢 G45章節(jié)課件4. hyper- 過(guò)高,超過(guò) G高血壓 hypertension高脂肪血癥 hyperlipemia代謝過(guò)盛 hypermetablism體溫過(guò)高 hyperthermia hypo- 低下,過(guò)少 G低血糖癥 hypoglycemia貧血 hypohemia = anemia低血壓 hypotension甲狀腺技能減退 hypothyroidism 46章節(jié)課件4. hyper- 過(guò)高,超過(guò) G46章節(jié)課 Examination 檢查（方法和儀器）1. -ography 造影術(shù),X光照相術(shù),描記法 膽管造影術(shù) cho

26、langiography 心動(dòng)描記法 cardiography 放射照相術(shù) radiography 斷層攝影術(shù) temography 膽囊造影術(shù) cholecystography47章節(jié)課件 Examination 檢查（方2. -oscopy 鏡檢法,檢查法 膀胱鏡檢法 cystoscopy 胃鏡檢查法 gastroscopy 喉鏡檢查法 laryngoscopy 氣管鏡檢法 tracheoscopy 結(jié)腸鏡檢法 coloscopy 肝臟檢查法 hepatoscopy48章節(jié)課件2. -oscopy 鏡檢法,檢查法48章節(jié)課件3.(o)metry- 計(jì)數(shù)法，測(cè)量法血小板計(jì)數(shù)法 thrombo

27、metry白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)法 leukocytometry紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)法 erythrocytometry結(jié)石測(cè)定法 lithometry血紅素測(cè)定法 hemoglobinometry49章節(jié)課件3.(o)metry- 計(jì)數(shù)法，測(cè)量法49章節(jié)課件4. -graph G 描記器，記錄器 ，照片 腸運(yùn)動(dòng)記錄器 enterograph 脈搏計(jì) angiograph 呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)描記器 pneumograph 肝搏動(dòng)描記器 hepatograph5. -gram 描記波，描記圖，照片 肌運(yùn)動(dòng)描記波 myogram 心動(dòng)圖 cardiogram50章節(jié)課件4. -graph G 描記器，記錄器 5. scope-

28、鏡，檢查器 胃鏡 gastroscope 氣管鏡 tracheoscope 膀胱鏡 cystoscope 口腔鏡 stomatoscope 石鏡檢查器 lithoscope 呼吸檢查器 pneumoscope 肌縮檢查器 myoscope51章節(jié)課件5. scope- 鏡，檢查器 51章節(jié)課件6. -(o)meter 計(jì)數(shù)器，測(cè)量器 細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)器 cytometer 結(jié)石測(cè)定器 lithometer 血小板計(jì)數(shù)器 thrombometer 血成分測(cè)定器 hematometer 腸腔測(cè)量器 enterometer 血管口徑張力器 angiometer 肌力計(jì) myometer 呼吸氣量測(cè)定器 pn

29、eumometer 52章節(jié)課件6. -(o)meter 計(jì)數(shù)器，測(cè)量器52章節(jié)課件 Exercise 1. 關(guān)節(jié)疼痛 8. 腦膜炎 2. 膀胱疝 9. 血管擴(kuò)張 3. 脂血癥 10.靜脈出血 4. 肝瘤 11.脾腫大 5. 血小板減少 12.腦癱 6. 神經(jīng)官能癥 13.腰穿 7. 子宮下垂 14.肝切除術(shù)53章節(jié)課件 Exercise53 Exercise 1. 關(guān)節(jié)疼痛 arthralgia 2. 膀胱疝 cystocele 3. 脂血癥 lipemia 4. 肝瘤 hepatoma 5. 血小板減少 thrombocytopenia 6. 神經(jīng)官能癥 neurosis 7. 子宮下垂

30、hysteroptosis /metroptosis/uteroptosis54章節(jié)課件 Exercise54 8. 腦膜炎 meningitis 9. 血管擴(kuò)張 angiectasis 10.靜脈出血 phleborrhagia 11.脾腫大 splenomegaly 12.腦癱 encephaloplegia 13.腰穿 lumbocentisis 14.肝切除術(shù) hepatectomy55章節(jié)課件 8. 腦膜炎 meningi15. 靜脈放血術(shù) 16. 胃腸吻合術(shù) 17. 血管縫合術(shù) 18. 氣管切開(kāi)術(shù) 19. 支氣管鏡檢法 20. 充氣胃鏡檢查法 21. 肺x光照相術(shù) 22. 腎造影術(shù)

31、 23. 巨淋巴細(xì)胞 24. 顯微外科 25. 多動(dòng)脈炎 26. 細(xì)胞增多癥 27. 白細(xì)胞減少 28. 心動(dòng)過(guò)速 29. 呼吸緩慢 30. 高血糖癥 31. 甲狀腺機(jī)能亢進(jìn) 32. 低血壓56章節(jié)課件15. 靜脈放血術(shù) 16. 胃腸吻15. 靜脈放血術(shù) phlebotomy16. 胃腸吻合術(shù) gastroenterostomy17. 血管縫合術(shù) angiorrhaphy18. 氣管切開(kāi)術(shù) tracheotomy19. 支氣管鏡檢法 bronchoscopy20. 充氣胃鏡檢查法 pneumogastroscopy21. 肺x光照相術(shù) pneumonography57章節(jié)課件57章節(jié)課件 22

32、. 腎造影術(shù) nephrography23. 巨淋巴細(xì)胞 macrolymphocyte24. 顯微外科 microsurgery25. 多動(dòng)脈炎 polyarteritis26. 細(xì)胞增多癥 cytosis / polycythemia27. 白細(xì)胞減少 oligocytosis oligocythemia28. 心動(dòng)過(guò)速 tachycardia58章節(jié)課件 29. 呼吸緩慢 bradypnea30. 高血糖癥 hyperglycemia31. 甲狀腺機(jī)能亢進(jìn) hyperthyroidism32. 低血壓 hypotension59章節(jié)課件 Unit One1.Compared with o

33、ther nutrients, there is less demand for vitamins and mineral salt.2.Lack of Vitamin C may result in scurvy, a disease which is characterized by painful muscle, weakness, hemorrhage, fragile bones, loose teeth and dental caries.60章節(jié)課件Unit One1.Compared with other 3.Vitamins are classified according

34、to the letters of English alphabet. They are referred to as Vitamins A,B,C,D,E,K and complex Vitamin B.4.Nutriology (The science of nutrition) is the study of how food affects human body.Or: Nutriology is a science which deals with the study of how food affects the human body.61章節(jié)課件3.Vitamins are cl

35、assified acco5.It is thought that Vitamin C can improve short-term memory and even can “cure” schizophrenia.62章節(jié)課件5.It is thought that Vitamin C Unit Four1. Existence(Subsistence) depends on a continuous supply of food and oxygen .The former enters the human body through the digestive system while t

36、he latter through the respiratory system. 2. Sometimes the vessels of the liver or kidneys may contract , in which case the organ could shrink .63章節(jié)課件 Unit Fo3. One typical symptom of nephritis is edema which means abnormal accumulation of fluids in body tissues or body cavities. 4. The long- term d

37、amage to nephrons has finally made the kidneys completely lose their functions.5. When renal function is destroyed, the excretory speed of uric calcium slows down.64章節(jié)課件3. One typical symptom of neph Unit Six1. Although DNA dactyloscopy (fingerprint) was not used as a method of differential examinat

38、ion, it was used to find/seek hereditary marks for hereditary disorders. 2.If only a small number of a childs DNA strips tally with his mothers or his fathers, the childs parents are others, not those whose fingerprints have been examined. 65章節(jié)課件 Unit Six653. par.4 on P.394. So called viral transduc

39、tion is to insert the desired gene into a virus that would infect the afflicted tissue and use the virus to get the gene to its target cells with defective genes.5. The last sentence on page 41.66章節(jié)課件3. par.4 on P.3966章節(jié)課件 Unit Eight1.The heart , blood and vessels make up three important parts of th

40、e vascular system.2.The oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.3. Capillaries are the small blood vessels which Join the arterioles to venules .67章節(jié)課件 4.Mild hypertension is limited by some specialists to the numbers /readings of diastolic pressures between 90 - 110 mmHg.5

41、. Before middle age a person with systolic pressure above 150 or diastolic pressure above 90 all the time should be considered as a hypertensive .68章節(jié)課件4.Mild hypertension is limited Unit Eleven1. Leukemia is characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes often with anemia and enlargement of

42、lymph nodes, spleen and liver. 2. At present the causes of leukemia is still unknown. The diagnosis can be made according to the examination of the peripheral blood and spinal cord.69章節(jié)課件 Unit Eleven69章節(jié)3. The changes of quality and quantity in the corresponding types of leukocytes may be found in t

43、he patients peripheral blood. 4. In the patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, their lymphocytes were suspected of being immuno-incompetent. So the patients are susceptible to infection with bacteria and may develop virulent reaction to viral infection.70章節(jié)課件3. The changes of quality and5. Leukemia may occur at any age but children and young people are more susceptible to acute lymphocytic leukemia than the elderly. Unit Twelve 1. High temperature (with much moisture) with (plus) high humidity is one of the mo