大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件

1、第二講 應(yīng)用文的寫作方法 應(yīng)用文是指人們在工作、學(xué)習(xí)、生活中傳遞信息，以達(dá)到交際目的的一種文體。這種文章需做到言簡意賅、條理清楚，一般不需要過多修飾。應(yīng)用文命題在歷年考試中出現(xiàn)過次，占本書所考察四級真題總數(shù)的29.2% ,主要分為書信和口頭兩類。第二講 應(yīng)用文的寫作方法 應(yīng)用文是指人們在工作、學(xué)書信類：In Honor of Teachers on the Occasion of Teachers Day (2005年6月)A Letter in Reply to a Friend (2003年12月)A Letter to the University President About the

2、 Canteen Service on Campus (2002年1月)A Letter to a Schoolmate (2001年6月)口頭類：An Announcement for a Voluntary Program (2006年6月17日)A Campaign Speech (2005年1月)A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction (2004年6月)書信類： 仔細(xì)研讀以上真題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，四級作文越來越突出“實(shí)用”兩個字。像書信、演講稿等實(shí)際生活中運(yùn)用得到的文體，在1996-2006年的四級考試中共出現(xiàn)了七次，而且集中出現(xiàn)在近幾年

3、。文章所涉及的內(nèi)容也多種多樣，大部分都與日常生活比較貼近。 書信的種類可能千變?nèi)f化，如建議信、抱怨信、申請信（包括求職信）、邀請信、感謝信、道歉信、海報等，再加上口頭應(yīng)用文，如演講稿、通知等，使得考生在備考時常理不清頭緒。然而萬變不離其宗，只要掌握了英文書信的基本格式，再參照寫作模板，就能寫出一篇合格的應(yīng)用文。 仔細(xì)研讀以上真題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，四級作文越來越 一、書信的格式 二、書信的語言 三、模板與解說 四、常用句式 一、書信的格式 應(yīng)用文的一個最大特點(diǎn)是具有固定的格式和慣用的語句，考生必須遵循一定的書寫格式和行文方法。下面首先針對書信的格式進(jìn)行講解。 一、書信的格式一、書信的格式信頭（He

4、ading） 信頭包括發(fā)信人的單位名稱、地址和發(fā)信日期等。發(fā)信人的信息應(yīng)寫在信紙的右上方，遵循“由小到大”的原則，如第一行寫門牌號碼、街道名，第二行寫區(qū)名、城市名、?。ㄖ荩┟?，若是寄往國外，還要在下一行寫國名。著名城市可不必寫省名。 日期的寫法英美兩國的習(xí)慣不盡相同，以下列舉的幾種在寫作中都可以采用：美式：Jan. 30, 2002, Jan. 30th, 2002, Jan. 30 2002, Jan. 30th 2002;英式：30 Jan, 2002, 30th Jan., 2002, 30 Jan. 2002, 30th Jan. 2002。此外，信頭一般采用并列式，即各行開頭一律左對

5、齊。一、書信的格式信頭（Heading） 信頭部分有兩點(diǎn)要特別注意： 第一，在標(biāo)注寫信日期時，最好避免如2/12/2006 這樣的寫法，以免引起歧義。因?yàn)檫@在美國人看來是2月12日，而在英國人看來則是12月2日。 第二，在四、六級考試中，無論要求中有無寫明，日期是一定要給出的。因?yàn)槿鄙偃掌?，是書信格式不合格的一種表現(xiàn)，會被扣除一定的分?jǐn)?shù)。 信頭（Heading）稱呼(Salutation) 稱呼應(yīng)比信內(nèi)地址低兩行，靠左邊頂格自成一行。稱呼后面美國人習(xí)慣加冒號，英國人習(xí)慣加逗號， 兩種寫法皆可。如： Dear Proferssor, (英式) Dear President:(美式)最常用的稱呼是

6、：Dear+（頭銜）+姓或名，如： Dear Prof . Geller, Dear Mr. Alan: Dear Isabel, Dear Pres. (President):(總經(jīng)理、校長、會長、總統(tǒng)等)稱呼(Salutation)稱呼(Salutation)有時也在收信人姓名之前冠以尊稱，如： Mr. (Mister) Geller, Mrs. (Mistress) Kidman: Miss Foster, Ms. Aniston: (女士通稱，不分年齡)如果是一般朋友則可稱呼為：My dear XXX,若給某個機(jī)構(gòu)或不認(rèn)識的人寫信，可用如下稱呼： Dear Sir/Sirs, Gent

7、lemen: Ladies, Dear Sir or Madam:（用于不知道對方的性別時） To Whom It May Concern,（用于出具證明或類似的書信時）稱呼(Salutation)正文（Body） 正文有兩種排版方式，即縮進(jìn)式和齊頭式。縮進(jìn)式是指每個段落的開頭空兩格，段落之間沒有空行；齊頭式是指每個段落頂格寫，段落之間空一行。通常商務(wù)信件采用齊頭式，因?yàn)檫@樣整個信件顯得比較工整，層次一目了然。正文（Body）結(jié)束語（Complimentary Close） 結(jié)束語應(yīng)寫在與正文最后一行相隔一、二行的右下方位置，第一個字母大寫，末尾要加逗號。常用結(jié)束語有：Yours truly,

8、 Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Cordially yours, Sincerely等。 除此之外，在私人書信中還可以依照自己與收件人的關(guān)系和親疏程度，選用以下結(jié)束語：Affectionately, Fondly, Yours with love, With best wishes, Love, Yours 等。大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件簽名（Signature） 簽名低于結(jié)束語一至二行，位于結(jié)束語的正下方。大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件二、書信的語言書信的語言有一定的規(guī)范。在四級考試書信類作文中，以下幾點(diǎn)必須注意：開門見山中國人傾向于迂回的思維方式，有時要等

9、看完全文才明白作者的意圖，著一點(diǎn)與英美人的習(xí)慣大相徑庭。在書信寫作時，英美人一般在問候之后直接說明意圖，如：等，直截了當(dāng)，一目了然。試想，若在求職信中滔滔不絕，直到最后才提“求職”二字，恐怕沒有顧主會耐心看完。因此，寫英文書信時，直接說明意圖會起到好的效果。簡潔書信是一種非面對面的交流，這種形式就決定了它應(yīng)該用最簡潔的語言表達(dá)盡可能豐富的內(nèi)涵?？忌鷳?yīng)注意節(jié)約用詞，做到簡潔明了。二、書信的語言二、書信的語言清晰書信如果表達(dá)不清楚，收信人會看不明白，甚至引發(fā)誤會。因此，寫信時應(yīng)仔細(xì)構(gòu)思，力求表達(dá)清晰，闡述清楚。禮貌當(dāng)對方地位較高時，或者互相不熟悉時，應(yīng)用較為尊敬的稱呼，信的結(jié)尾處還要寫上感謝一類的

10、話。得體書信要寫得得體，就必須考慮寫信人和收信人的關(guān)系。若是公函，用詞應(yīng)當(dāng)正式，經(jīng)得起推敲給長輩寫信，要用尊敬的語氣，措辭不能過于隨意；給同輩寫信，用語也要講禮貌。二、書信的語言三、信封的寫法 英文信封的寫法和中文完全不同。發(fā)信人的姓名和地址寫在信封的左上角，收信人的姓名和地址寫在信封的中央或稍靠右位置。這兩處都是第一行寫姓名，第二行起寫地址，地址的寫法是與信內(nèi)地址一樣，遵循“由小到大”的原則。 三、信封的寫法三、信封的寫法 Zhang Ping English Department Beijing City University（發(fā)信人） 269 Mid Road of North Loop

11、-4 Beijing, 100083 P. R. China Prof. George Jackson Warner Books 444 Madison Avenue (收信人) New York, NY 10022 U.S.A. 三、信封的寫法 Zhang Ping四、模板與解說 不管應(yīng)用文的命題如何變化，寫作時都能遵循一定的套路。簡單說來，可以按照以下框架展開：第一段：告知對方你的身份（假如對方不認(rèn)識你），簡要敘述寫信的原因；第二段：詳細(xì)解釋寫信的意圖（建議、批評、投訴、申請、邀請、感謝、道歉等）；第三段：發(fā)出請求，提供幫助，表示感謝，或期盼回信等。 四、模板與解說例：Letter in

12、Reply to a Friend （年月）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applyding for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:）建議報考的專業(yè)及理由；）報考該專業(yè)的基本條件；）應(yīng)當(dāng)如何備考

13、。例：Letter in Reply to a Friend模板一 December 27 th, 2003Dear X,第一段：I am very happy to learn that_.（對來信表示高興） You are welcome to_.（對報考表示歡迎） When it comes to_, I suggest that_.（提出建議報考的專業(yè)） To begin with, . (理由一)Whats more, . (理由二)模板一第二段：In order to , you have to . (指出報考該專業(yè)的基本條件)First of all, . (條件一)In add

14、ition, . (條件二)第三段：As far as is concerned, you should on the one hand . (有關(guān)如何備考，首先)On the other hand, youd better . (其次)Only by can you . (總結(jié))Best wishes! Yours truly, Li Ming第二段：范文點(diǎn)評一A Letter in Reply to a FriendDear x, I am very happy to learn that you want to apply to our university. You are welco

15、me to be one of us. When it comes to which major you should choose, I suggest that you apply for Computer Science. To begin with, this is one of the best specialized programs in our university. Whats more, Computer Science majors are more likely to find well-paid jobs. In order to study at the Depar

16、tmrnt of Computer Science, You have to meet the following大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件 requirements. First of all, you have to reach the minimum score set for admission to key universities in the National College Entrance Examination. In addition, you have to be good at mathematics. As far as the preparation is con

17、cerned,you should on the one hand review all the required lessons. On the other hand, youd better spend some time on English. Only by careful preparations can you hope to enroll in our university. Best wishes! Yours truly, Li Ming (172 words) 大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件框架點(diǎn)評第一段：首先對來信表示高興，歡迎對方申請本校。然后切入主題，建議報考計算機(jī)專業(yè)，

18、并用兩個詞組To begin with和Whats more引出兩點(diǎn)理由：一是因?yàn)樵搶I(yè)實(shí)力較強(qiáng)，二是畢業(yè)后容易就業(yè)。第二段：首句是主題句，以In order toyou have to meet the following requirements引出兩個條件；用First of all, In addition引導(dǎo)兩個擴(kuò)展句來闡述這兩個條件。由于篇幅所限，且題目要求涉及的內(nèi)容較多，故中間段的總結(jié)句省去。第三段：以As far as引出對備考的建議，用On the one hand和On the other hand連接。最后以O(shè)nly through來結(jié)尾，即只有做好這些準(zhǔn)備，才有希望錄取

19、?？蚣茳c(diǎn)評范文點(diǎn)評二A Letter in Reply to a Friend December 27 th, 2003Dear X, I am very happy to learn that everything goes well with you and you are interested in our university. Whelcome to this beautiful city. When it comes to which major you should choose for graduate study, I suggest that you apply for F

20、rench. To begin with, French is one of the most beautiful languagues in the world. Whats more, it goes without saying that French majors are more competitive in the tight job market. There are several requirements for candidates for Department of Foreign Languages. In the first place, they should pa

21、ss CET-6, and the Department will be大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件 particularly interested in those who excel in French listening and speaking skills. In the second place, they need an intense interest in French since interest is the best teacher. Last but not the least, they should also sit in for the National Entr

22、ance Exams for Masters Programs. Scores no less than 65 both in Political Theory and English are required. As far as the preparation is concerned, you should first of all, practice your basic skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing in French. In addition, it would be rewarding if you try

23、to get in touch with your prospective supervisor. I sincerely hope that you will succeed in this attempt. Best wishes! Yours truly, Li Ming (227 words) 大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件例：A Letter to the University President About the Canteen Service on Campus (2002年1月)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minut

24、es to write a composition entitled A Letter to the University President About the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at leats 100 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假設(shè)你是李明，請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信，內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價格、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等，可以是表揚(yáng)，可以是批評建議，也可以兼而有之。例：A Letter to the Un

25、iversity 模板二 January 12 th, 2002Dear Mr. President,第一段： My name is _, from_.（自我介紹） I venture to write you a letter about_.（投訴食堂服務(wù)，如服務(wù)質(zhì)量、價格、環(huán)境等）第二段： To start with,_.（第一個方面） More and more students are complaining about_.（稍加闡述） Whats more,_.（第二個方面）模板二Finally,_.（第三個方面） I suggest that_.（我的建議） Honestly sp

26、eaking,_.（從另一個方面說） But there is still much romm for improvement.（投訴信的萬能句）第三段： These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other_.（點(diǎn)明意見來源） We do hope_.（提出希望） Thank you for your time and consideration.（結(jié)尾套語） Yours respectfully Li MingFinally,_.（第三個方面）范文點(diǎn)評一A Letter to the University Pres

27、ident About the Canteen Service on Campus January 12 th, 2002Dear Mr. President, My name is Li Ming , from the Deparment of Foreign Languages. I venture to write you a letter about the poor canteen service on campus. To start with, the quality of the dishes should be improved. More and more students

28、 are complaining about the cold rice and overcooked vegetable. Whats more, the price is getting higher recently for no reason at all. Finally, the canteen is so noisy that we cant enjoy our大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件 meals. I suggest that there be some soft music to keep us relaxed and calm. Honestly speaking, th

29、e canteen workers are friendly and hospitable. But there is still much room for improvement. These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We do hope our respected president will take out advice. Thank you for your time and consideration. Yours respectfully, Li Ming (158

30、words) 大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件框架點(diǎn)評第一段：告知對方自己的身份，并點(diǎn)明寫信的目的是投訴本校食堂的服務(wù)。第二段：用To start with, Whats more和Finally引出對飯菜質(zhì)量、價格和就餐環(huán)境的投訴；并用Honestly speaking指出食堂做得好的方面，即“餐廳的工作人員熱情友好”。需要注意的是，文中所提出的“質(zhì)量、價格、就餐環(huán)境和服務(wù)”這幾點(diǎn)都是提綱中所給出的，這樣就避免了跑題或漏點(diǎn)的情況。第三段：說明意見來源，并提出希望，最后用書信套語“您費(fèi)心了，十分感謝”結(jié)束全文。可以看出，這封信語體較正式，措辭禮貌、委婉，運(yùn)用了一些如I venture to writ

31、e you a letter, we do hope our respected president will之類的語句，符合寫信人的身份?？蚣茳c(diǎn)評范文點(diǎn)評二A Letter to the University President About the Canteen Service on Campus January 12 th, 2002Dear Mr. President, My name is Li Ming, from the Department of Foreign Languages. I venture to write you a letter about the cante

32、en service on campus on behalf of the students in our class. To start with, our canteen should provide more kinds of dishes. As you know, students come from various places and they may not be accustomed to the local food. Whats more, the price is higher than we can afford. We hope it can be decrease

33、d a little. Finally, more seats are大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件 needed. The canteen is exeremely crowded at lunchtime and to look for a seat has become a headache for many students. More seats will save us much trouble. Honestoly speaking, the canteen staff are patient and well-mannered. But there is still much ro

34、om for improvement. We will appreciate it if you take some measures to improve the canteen service. Thank you for your time and consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Ming (170 words) 大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件例3： A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction (2004年6月)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 min

35、utes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1）致歡迎詞：2）一天的行程安排：3）對游客即將訪問的地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行描述：4）你應(yīng)該讓這個介紹很吸引人，并且讓每個人都 清楚你的行程安排。例3： A Brief Introduction to a 模板三第一段： Ladies and gentlemen, welcom

36、e to_.（致歡迎詞） Its my great honor to_.（自我介紹） I hope you will enjoy your whole time_.（開頭套語）第二段： Fifst, I want to introduce the schedule to you.（主題句） We will assemble at_.（告知集合時間）模板三 _.（具體行程安排） _is the end of the whole dayls tour.（告知結(jié)束時間） If any of you have questions, please dont hesitate to ask me.（套語）

37、第三段： Now, its time to introduce our scenery briefly.（主題句） _. （具體的景點(diǎn)描述） In a wird, it is a good chance to_.（總結(jié)句） I am sure you are looking forward to it. Lets shart.（結(jié)束語） _.（具體行程安排）范文點(diǎn)評一A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to join our tour group. Its my great hon

38、or to be your tour guide. I hope you will enjoy your whole time with my company. First, I want to introduce the schedule to you. We will assemble at 7 a.m. here. (6)After all of you have arrived, we will set out to climb mountains. At 1 P.m. we will head for the seashore. 5 p.m. is the end of the wh

39、ole days tour. If you have any question, please dont hesitate to ask me at any time.大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件 Now, its time to introduce the scenery briefly. The Five-Finger Mountains well climb are about 1,000 meters high. They are named after their shape, resembling a humans hand, with exactly five fingers in

40、 a row. At the seashore, you will be amazed at the width of the sea. Certainly, you can swim in the sea or build a castle with soft sand at the beach. In a word, it is a wonderful chance to approach nature, relax yourself and relieve you of the pressure. I am sure you are looking forward to it. Lets

41、 start. (193 words) 大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件框架點(diǎn)評第一段：致歡迎詞，禮貌地自我介紹，并致以良好的祝愿。第二段：首句為主題句，引出具體的行程安排，如集合時間、結(jié)束時間等。該段最后一句必不可少，也非常實(shí)用，If you have any questions, please dont hesitate to ask me at any time, 如有疑問請隨時問我。第三段：首句仍為主題句，引出聽眾的注意。景點(diǎn)描述部分語言平實(shí)簡練、表達(dá)通暢。最后是總結(jié)句，用 In a word 引導(dǎo)。 框架點(diǎn)評范文點(diǎn)評一A Brief Introduction to a Tourist At

42、traction Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Mount Huangshan. Its my great pleasure to serve as your tour guide. I hope you will have a good time during the trip. First, I want to introduce the schedule to you. We have to get on the bus after breakfast, at 7 a.m. It takes an hour for us to get to the e

43、ntrance of the mountain. 8 p.m. is the end of the whole days tour. If any of you大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件 have questions, please dont hesitate to ask me at any time. Now, its time to introduce our scenery briefly. Mount Huangshan is one of the most famous scenic spots in China, perhaps in the world. The Welcomi

44、ng Guests (Yuinke) pines with their fascinating shapes are a wonder of Mount huangshan. It is no wonder that Xu Xiake, a well-known geographer of the Ming Dynasty noted: “ it is not worth seeing the Five Great Mountains if you have been to Mount Huangshan.” I am sure you are looking forword to it. L

45、ets start. (176 words) 大學(xué)英語四級應(yīng)用文寫作課件五、常用句式本節(jié)根據(jù)應(yīng)用文的特點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，提供了該類作文篇首和篇尾的常用句式?？忌谡莆諔?yīng)用文的格式和寫作框架的基礎(chǔ)上再熟記這些句式，對四級應(yīng)用文寫作將大有裨益。 五、常用句式五、常用句式（一）篇首說明寫信的原因I would like to apply for admission to your university for study in Computer Science.我想申請去貴校攻讀計算機(jī)科學(xué)專業(yè)。According to the latest Beijing weekly, I find you want a

46、n experienced and efficient secretary.我從最新一期北京周報獲悉貴公司要招聘一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，能干的秘書。I understand from Mr. Smith that there is an opening for a reporter at sun.我從史密斯先生處得知太陽報有一個空缺的記者職位。 五、常用句式五、常用句式（一）篇首致謝I am greatly indebted to you for your care and help.對于您的關(guān)心和幫助我不勝感激。I am writing to tell you how grateful I am fo

47、r 我給您寫信是想告訴您我非常感謝您I would like to thank you most sincerely for 我對您表示最誠摯的感謝。五、常用句式五、常用句式（一）篇首致謝Thank you very much for the kindness you have given me during my sty in Paris.非常感謝你在我逗留巴黎期間給我的關(guān)照。I am writing to thank you, on behalf of my wife and myself, for the lovely time we had at your party last nig

48、ht.我謹(jǐn)代表我夫妻二人，致信感謝您昨天的晚會，它讓我們度過了一段愉悅的時光。五、常用句式五、常用句式（一）篇首投訴和批評I am writing to complain about the bad service of your company.我寫此信是要投訴貴公司惡劣的服務(wù)。I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at 我寫此信向您表示我對的不滿。I wish to make a complaint about 我想投訴I am afraid I have got a complaint about很抱歉我想投訴五、常用句式五、常用

49、句式（一）篇首投訴和批評I am writing to draw your attention to 我寫此信給您，希望您對引起注意。To inprove the situation/solve the above problem, it is advisable for you to take the following measures.要改善這種局面解決這個問題，你最好采取下列措施。I must warn you that unless you do something about the situatin, otherwise we will be forced to take leg

50、al action.我必須對你提出警告，如果你對這個情況再不采取行動，我將不得不訴諸法律手段。五、常用句式五、常用句式（一）篇首致歉I am writing to you because I am unable to make it.我給你寫信是告訴你我去不了了。I am terribly sorry that 對我感到萬分抱歉。I would like to express my apologies for not being able to 對于無法，我十分抱歉。五、常用句式五、常用句式（一）篇首詢問I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.

51、我寫此信是想問你能否幫我一個忙。I would like to inquire about the price of the new product you are promoting.我想詢問您正在推廣的新產(chǎn)品的價格。I would like to seek some information about the international conference to be held in your university.我想詢問有關(guān)即將在貴校舉行的國際會議的消息。I would like some detailed information on/about 我想了解有關(guān)的詳細(xì)消息。五、常用句式五、常用句式（一）篇首邀請及答復(fù)It gives me the greatest pleasure to invite you to visit this exhibition.我有幸能邀請您參觀此次展覽。John and I would be very happy if you and Mr. Green could come to dinner at 7 p.m. on Saturday, 19th. We do hope you can