英文科技論文寫作概論課件

1、 英文科技論文寫作概論主講：李剛你準(zhǔn)備好寫英文文章了嗎？硬件篇君欲善其事，必先利其器！好的工具能幫助你在英文寫作的時(shí)候事半功倍。戶外探險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候要有一套適合戶外生存的裝備，寫英文文章也要有好的專用工具套裝。生物科技英文寫作工具套裝包括：專業(yè)詞典軟件：推薦新編全醫(yī)藥學(xué)大詞典，或者金山詞霸醫(yī)學(xué)版或者金山詞霸2007，它可以幫助你快速查到絕大多數(shù)生物學(xué)中的英文詞匯，有些很偏的也可以查到。而且可以不斷補(bǔ)充你的詞匯庫(kù)。普通詞典軟件：金山詞霸2006或金山詞霸2007 ，查普通英文詞匯。一本分子克隆英文版或其他專業(yè)的英文經(jīng)典工具書，從中你可以學(xué)會(huì)很多描述生物實(shí)驗(yàn)操作的書面的、專業(yè)化的句子，對(duì)你撰寫英文論文中

2、的Materials and Methods 部分很有幫助.Qiagen、Invitrogen等公司的試劑盒說(shuō)明書等都是很好的參考書，英文句子簡(jiǎn)短精練而地道、可以反復(fù)閱讀和背誦。一臺(tái)上網(wǎng)的電腦，且擁有進(jìn)入幾大科技期刊出版社數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（如Alsevier，Springer，Blackwell等）的權(quán)限。一個(gè)好用的e-mail郵箱（最好中大或hotmail的，不要用sina等免費(fèi)郵箱）幾種計(jì)算機(jī)工具軟件：Microsoft office軟件，Photoshop CS(不是ACD see), Acorbat professional(6.0以上,不是Acorbat reader)如果從事生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)研究的

3、，必須會(huì)用一些生物統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件，如SPSS等和生物繪圖軟件如畫質(zhì)粒的Plasmid軟件等。你準(zhǔn)備好寫英文文章了嗎？軟件篇1、熟悉常見(jiàn)的本專業(yè)詞匯。 方法：多讀、多查文獻(xiàn)，將出現(xiàn)頻率高的專業(yè)詞匯記下來(lái)。2、熟練掌握中英文文獻(xiàn)的檢索方法。 本課程前次課已講述了一些中英文文獻(xiàn)檢索的基本技巧， 需多加實(shí)踐。3、下載最新的SCI雜志影響因子表，熟悉本專業(yè)常見(jiàn)的SCI雜志、 及其水平和投稿要求。4、熟悉本領(lǐng)域的最主要的專家，并記下他們的聯(lián)系方式，如有 機(jī)會(huì)能和他們中的一些人進(jìn)行初步的認(rèn)識(shí)和溝通是最理想的， 如通過(guò)開(kāi)國(guó)際會(huì)議，要論文、質(zhì)粒等機(jī)會(huì)。5、熟悉一篇英文稿件從準(zhǔn)備、寫作、投稿、修改、出版的整個(gè) 過(guò)程。6

4、、熟悉一篇英文稿件的組成和各部分的基本要求。7、從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始有意識(shí)培養(yǎng)自己用英文寫專業(yè)論文的習(xí)慣和寫作 時(shí)用英文思考的習(xí)慣。8、學(xué)習(xí)并練習(xí)寫英文書信的一些基本格式和技巧。一篇英文文章的投稿和出版流程網(wǎng)上投稿后稿件的幾種狀態(tài)（1）1. Submitted to Journal當(dāng)上傳結(jié)束后，顯示的狀態(tài)是Submitted to Journal，這個(gè)狀態(tài)是自然形成的無(wú)需處理。 2. With editor如果在投稿的時(shí)候沒(méi)有要求選擇編輯，就先到主編那，主編會(huì)分派給別的編輯。這當(dāng)中就會(huì)有另兩個(gè)狀態(tài)： 3. Editor assigned 4. Editor Declined Invitation 如果編

5、輯接手處理了就會(huì)邀請(qǐng)審稿人了。 5. Reviewer(s) invited 如果審稿人接受那就會(huì)是以下?tīng)顟B(tài)： 6. Under review 這應(yīng)該是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的等待。當(dāng)然前面各步驟也可能很慢的，要看編輯的處理情況。 如果被邀請(qǐng)審稿人不想審，就會(huì)decline，編輯會(huì)重新邀請(qǐng)別的審稿人。 一篇英文論文的結(jié)構(gòu)1. The first page2. Abstract3. Key words4. Introduction5. Materials and methods6. Results and discussion7. Acknowlegements8. References9. Figure l

6、egends10. Tables11. Figures投論文前的準(zhǔn)備工作Reading 1020 relevant papers seriously.Choose one magazine as submitting target. Reading carefully the “Aims and Scope” of the magazine.Reading carefully the “Instructions to Authors” of the magazine. Manuscript preparation.Manuscript submission TitleThis must be

7、informative and give key details of the work described. Do not use phrases such as”“The effect of ” or “study of”Please give an explicit clear title and include mention of the biological system being used. Running title(短標(biāo)題)A brief running title (not to exceed 54 characters and spaces) will be consi

8、dered during compilation of the subject index and will be at the top of each printed page. AbstractPlease provide a short abstract that will occupy not more than 5 printed lines(250 words) in the final printed paper. The abstract should not contain any undefined non-standard abbreviations or unspeci

9、fied references. Imprecise or qualitative statements should be avoided as should redundant words and pharses. Quantitative values of key data should always be given. Please avoid beginning with a phrase such as”This study shows”or “We show in this paper”要求：具體（數(shù)據(jù)），全面（所有重要的結(jié)論）、惜墨如金（無(wú)廢話）。 Symbols and u

10、nitsMathematical units should be set out economically but nuambiguously. A solidus (/) can be used for simple fractions or units-for example ml/h but the double solidus is to be avoided for example kg/m3 h is correct but g/l/h is not. Units can also be given as g l-1 et. But the style must be consis

11、tent. Terms such as ppm are not encouraged; use mg l-1 etc. as appropriate. Concentrations should be given, for example, as g ethanol l-1 not g l-1 ethanol. Uncommon units, symbols and all not-standard abbreviations must be defined at their first appearance but the minimum number of abbreviations is

12、 preferred. A list of mathematical terms, if needed, should be provided before the introduction. Section HeadingsFirst-, second-, third-, and fourth-order headings should be clearly distinguishable but not numbered.（有的雜志要求用數(shù)字區(qū)分小標(biāo)題，如2.1，2.1.1，等） NotesFootnotes are used for indicating essential

13、 information about the work or origins of the paper. Please use footnotes rather than endnotes. Notes should be indicated by consecutive superscript numbers in the text. A source reference note should be indicated by means of an asterisk after the title. This note should be placed at the bottom of t

14、he first typed page.常見(jiàn)的注如：XX and XX made the equal contributions to this work. IntroductionPlease keep this as short as possible, do not give a mini-review of the literature; five key references to recent, relevant publications; historical references are rarely useful. Space is precious keep it for

15、your results(少而精).Introduction has a very important effect on acceptance or rejection of a paper. Materials and MethodsGive information concerning the key protocols only. Avoid describing routine or trival matters such as how the micro-organisms are maintained, how and when the cultures were sampled

16、. Suppliers of chemicals and manufactures of equipment should only be given if these are not generally available or are in some way unusual or are crucial for success. Suppliers such as Sigma, Aldreich etc. are given without addresses. There is no need to give references to standard procedures, e.g.

17、 LB medium. Authors are encouraged to place as much relevant information in the footnotes and legends of their tables and figures to increase understanding of these illustrations. ResultsResults given in tables and figures do not need to be described again at length in the text. Focus the readers at

18、tention on your key results. Avoid repetition of the data that is given clearly in the tables and figures. The Results and discussion sections may be combined . Discussion Put your key results into the content of current information, avoid unwarranted or unsupported speculations. Keep your discussio

19、n short and focuses on explaining the significance of your results. AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in separate secton before the References. TablesTables should be carefully selected to illustrate key points or data that cannot be easily described in

20、 the text. Each table should be numbered consecutively (1,2,etc.). In tables, footnotes are preferable to long explanatory material in either the heading or body of the table. Such explanatory footnotes, identified by superscript letters, a,b,b, etc., should be placed immediatedly below the table. P

21、lease place the title (without abbreviations ) at the top on the table itself.The lay-out of a table should be suitable for printing as either single column (7.5cm) or double column (16 cm)width. Do not use vertical rulings (lines) and keep horizontal rulings to a minimum. Do not quote values beyond

22、 the inherent accuracy (or inaccuracy) of the methods. State clearly how many times each complete experiment was done and how many times each individual determination was done. Date given in Tables and Figures should be understandable without recourse to the text: you can add key information regardi

23、ng experimental procedures in footnotes and omit such details from the Methods section. It is essential that all non-standard abbreviations used in the Table be re-defined. FiguresFigures should be carefully selected to illustrate key points or data that cannot be easily stated in the text. For exam

24、ple, it is rarely necessary to give a Lineweaver-Burk plot of an enzymes activity; its Km and V max values can be easily stated in the text. Similarly with pH and temperature optima for reactions, these can usually be stated within the text. All photographs, diagrams and schemes should be numbered c

25、onsecutively (1,2 etc.). Multi-part figures should be labelled with upper case letters (A,B,etc.). Scale bars are inserted directly in any photographs or photomicrographs. Relatively small text and great variation in text sizes within figures should be avoided as figures are often reduced in size wh

26、en printed. Figures will be sized to fit a single column width of the Journal; i.e. 7.5 cm width. Exceptionally, figures may be made to fit a double column width, e.g. 16 cm. Authors must take these sizes into account when designing their figures. All lines on a figure must be of equl thickness and

27、of equal blackness. A detailed legend (without abbreviations) should be provided for each figure. It is preferable to give a full explanation of the protocol being used in the experiment being described in the figure. This information need not then be given in the section. All figure must be referre

28、d to in the text; its approximate location in the margin should also be indicated- a handwritten note is acceptable. Please place the legends in the manuscript after the references and tables and on a page separate to the figure(s) themselves. Original or good quality printouts of all figures should be submitted with the manuscript. Computer-generated printouts should be flawless and on good quality paper. Non-computer gen