大學英語四級真題部分閱讀及解析

1、優(yōu)良文檔2010年6月大學英語四級真題Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewonesthekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe47.G）incrediblywastefultotearthemalldownand4

2、8.K）replacethemwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe49.J）reducedcarbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest50.L）sense,thegreenesthomeistheoneth

3、athasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand51.H）poweringourhomes,officesandotherbuildings.Youcantdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome52.D）exceptions,theoldesthomestendtobet

4、heleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat53.E）expandovertimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately,therearea54.O）vastnumberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from55.F）historiconeslikeLincolnsCot

5、tagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升級)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp56.I）protectpropertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A)accommodationsB)clumsyC)doubtfulD)exceptionsE)expandF)historicG)incrediblyH)poweringI)protectJ)reducedK)replaceL)senseM)shiftedN)supplyingO)vast

6、2011年6月大學英語四級真題Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientistssaidyesterday.Whileelderlypeople47N）tendtosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,thishasa(n)48L）negativeeffectontheirbrainsperformanceandtheywouldbenef

7、itfromgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond,a.psychiatrist(心理醫(yī)生)attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidolder相信能就必定能優(yōu)良文檔peoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping49H）efficientlystraightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage,however,is50B）associatedwithbetterh

8、ealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore51A）alertiftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.“Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整塊時間)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto52J）functionwelldoesnotchange,”DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.“Its53F）def

9、initelyamyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere54O）younger.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom55E）continuingtogetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.Thats56G）differentfrompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesamea

10、mountasweneedat75.”注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A)alertI)formallyB)associatedJ)functionC)attractingK)mixedD)clingL)negativeE)continuingM)sufficientF)definitelyN)tendG)differentO)youngertendto固定搭配；表示“偏向于；”切合句意；空格后是effect，前面是a(n)，因而可知，該處需要填入一個形容詞；題目給出的形容詞有negative,sufficient,younger；依據(jù)前后語意，填入negative最為適合，表示“少的睡眠

11、時間對大腦的活動有負面的影響。”49.依據(jù)推斷，該處應當填入一個副詞，題目給出的副詞有efficiently,definitely,formally；前面提到，老年人在睡覺的時候更簡單被打斷，爾后邊用while提出一個對照的看法，年青人對比起來能獲取更_的睡眠；綜合起來，采用efficiently（最有效率的）最為正確。beassociatedwith固定搭配；表示“與聯(lián)系在一同”；本句話表示“更多的睡眠往常都與健康度聯(lián)系在一同”；先看整句話的含義，“假如他們能睡更長的時間，他們的感覺應當會更好以及”那么，該處應當填入一個褒義詞，選擇alert比較適合，表示“更為警備，靈巧”；52.依據(jù)判斷，

12、此處應當填入一個動詞，剩下的動詞有cling,function；整句話的意思是“當我們上了年齡的時候，我們一覺睡到天亮的能力降落了，可是，我們需要的睡眠量并無改變；”空格后的單詞是well，cling在這里其實不適合，一般與to連用；采用function最為適合；53.作者在首段已經(jīng)提出這個看法是一個myth，那么不言而喻最后一段中出現(xiàn)的myth是作為一種重申手段，應填入definitely；空格的前面是whentheywere，“當他們年青的時候”；應填入younger；本句的意思是“我們的數(shù)據(jù)顯示老年人將從獲益；”空格的后邊是“獲取和他們在三十多歲的時候能獲取的睡眠同樣多”；依據(jù)上下文意思

13、，該處應填入“continuing”；56.differentfrom固定搭配；表示“和不同”；相信能就必定能優(yōu)良文檔2010年12月大學英語四級真題Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere4

14、7.M)raised.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48.L)psychologicalactivityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49.E)contributionstothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststha

15、t50.A)abilitiestoperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51.B)achievebasedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhe

16、therpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52.N)smarttheyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53.I)extenttowhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(養(yǎng)育),bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,science54.J)indicatesthatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhum

17、antraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55.G)essentiallylikeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56.H)eventuallyappearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。AabilitiesIextentBachieveJindicatesCappealKproceedsDcom

18、plaintsLpsychologicalEcontributionsMraisedFdisplayedNsmartGessentiallyOstandardHeventually47.raise在這里的意思是“養(yǎng)育”，theenvironmentinwhichyouwereraised意思是“你成長的環(huán)境”。psychologicalactivity意思是“心理活動”，全句意思是“研究基因和外面環(huán)境怎樣互相作用影響人心理活動的學科被稱為行為遺傳學”。“makecontributionsto”為固定搭配，意為“為做貢獻”?！癮bilityto”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此處，全句意思是“任何一

19、篇聲稱人類做出某種行為的能力是鑒于生物學的研究都是有爭議的”。limitationstowhatyoucanachieve意思是“對你所能達到的水平的限制”。52.此處需填一個形容詞，并且用來形容人，依據(jù)題意，smart切合題意，表示“靈巧，可愛”。53.此處填extent，主假如由于后邊有to，“totheextent”譯為“的程度”。indicate意思是“表示，顯示”。全句意為“愈來愈多的科學(現(xiàn)象)表示基因對人類好多特色有基礎作用”。essentially的意思是“實質上，實質上”。全句意為“從這個角度來講，人一出生，實質上就像是還沒洗出來的照片：相已經(jīng)照了，可是最后會體現(xiàn)多少就在于顯

20、影的過程了”。eventually副詞，意思是“最后，最后”。相信能就必定能優(yōu)良文檔2011年12月大學英語四級真題PassageOneBoysschoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandaremorelikelytogetinvolvedinactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic,accordingtoresearchreleasedtoday.Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinityinwhichst

21、udentseithersinkorswim,theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype,theUSstudysays.Boysatsinglesexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtotheboycodeo

22、fhidingtheiremotionstobearealman.Thefindingsofthestudygoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfailedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticizedteachersforfailingtorecognizethatboysareactuallymo

23、reemotionalthangirls.Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboyslearningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopr

24、eventboredom,wrotethestudysauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia.Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwithspecificallyboy-focusedapproachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevision,learnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedt

25、obegivenhands-onlessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround.Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminineandpreferthemoderngenreinwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,Jameswrote.Single-sexeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoastereotypethatmenshouldbemasterfulandinchargeinrela

26、tionships.Inmixedschools,boysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,thestudyreported.57.Theauthorbelievesthatasingle-sexschoolwould_.Aforceboystohidetheiremotionstobe“realman”BhelptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinboysCencourageboystoexpresstheiremotio

27、nsmorefreelyDnaturallyreinforceinboysthattraditionalimageofamanItiscommonlybelievedthatinamixedschoolsboys_.AperformrelativelybetterBgrowupmorehealthilyCbehavemoreresponsiblyDreceiveabettereducationWhatdoesTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationsystem?AItfailsmoreboysthangirlsacademicallyBItfocusesmor

28、eonmixedschooleducationCItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneedDItplacesmorepressureonboysthanongirls60.AccordingtoAbigailJames,oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-sexschoolsis_.相信能就必定能優(yōu)良文檔AteachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboysBboyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingdistractedCboyscanchoosetolearn

29、whatevertheyareinterestedinDteachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboysteamspirit61.WhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJamesreport?ATheyenjoybeinginchargeBTheyconformtostereotypesCTheyhavesharpervisionDTheyareviolentandsexistSectionBPassageOne57,Cencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsfre

30、ely58,Aperformrelativelybetter59,CItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed60,Ateachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys61,CTheyhavesharpervision【分析】這篇文章針對傳統(tǒng)的男女生一同上學，一同接受教育提出了懷疑。作者從文章一開頭就表示了自己的見解：對于男生而言，單性教育，即男生們一同上學會對男生的身心發(fā)展更為有益。文中出現(xiàn)一個短語，receivedwisdom，即是“人們廣泛的見解，公認的見解”。也是作者所責備的一種看法。傳統(tǒng)看法以為，男生

31、和女生混淆教育會對男生發(fā)展更有益。可是作者以為單性教育對男生有以下幾個利處：能夠讓男生們更自由地表達自己的感情，可以學習自己感興趣的藝術，舞蹈，音樂等學科。不用去恪守人們在傳統(tǒng)印象中對男生的期盼。并且單性教育能夠針對男生的身心發(fā)展特色而擬訂學習計劃。并且作者感覺，當前英國教育把女生當成關著要點，忽略了對男生的重視。2011年12月大學英語四級真題PassageTwoItsanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavi

32、ngstosaveus.Isaythatyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhatsthepointifyoucantgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyearwejustwontgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYouGov

33、pollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.Whatslesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecessionfinancialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.D

34、isputeswerecharacterizedbyintenseverbalaggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolizes,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen.Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedi

35、fferentconceptionsofwhatitisfor,heexplains.Theywillsayitstosave,tospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethemHesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthattheyveachievedsomething.Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhatisgoingonwiththeirfinan

36、ces,buttheydont.Thereseemstobemoreofatabooabouttalkingaboutmoneythan相信能就必定能優(yōu)良文檔talkingaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyouaredoing,whoispayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationshipyoudonthavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutvacat

37、ioning?APeopleenjoyitallthemoreduringarecessionBFewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkinghardCItmakesallthehardworkworthwhileDItisthechiefcauseoffamilydisputesWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“moneyisknowntobringarelationshiptoitsknees”(Line1Para.2)？AMoneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevilsBSomepeoplesacrificeth

38、eirdignityformoneyCFewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoneyDDisputesovermoneymayruinarelationshipTheYouGovpollof2000peopleindicatesthatinarecession_.AconflictsbetweencouplestendtoriseBitismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitupCcouplesshowmoreconcernforeachotherDdivorceandseparationratesincrease65.WhatdoesKi

39、mStephensonbelieve?AMoneyisoftenasymbolofapersonsstatusBMoneymeansagreatdealtobothmenandwomenCMenandwomenspendmoneyondifferentthingsDMenandwomenviewmoneyindifferentwaysTheauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould_AputtheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitseparatelyBmakeeffortstoreachagreemen

40、tontheirfamilybudgetsCdiscussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationshipDavoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainromanticPassageTwoC.Itmakesallthehardworkworthwhile.D.Disputesovermoneymayruinarelationship.A.conflictsbetweencouplestendtoriseD.menandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways.C.discussmoneymatterstomai

41、ntainahealthyrelationship.【分析】這是一篇對于金錢對夫婦關系的影響的文章。文中第一段主要經(jīng)過分假這件事來體現(xiàn)不同人對待金錢的不同態(tài)度。作者以為人只好活一次，假如不可以去度假的話，那么工作再努力也沒存心義。第二段主要談到了大冷清時期，不太優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)濟情況經(jīng)常會影響夫婦關系，可能會致使爭執(zhí)，甚至會致使離婚或許分居的成本增添，對夫婦感情造成損害。第三段講了KimStephenson，一個心理學家的看法，即男人和女人對待金錢的態(tài)度是不同樣的，男人把金錢看作是獲取社會地位的門路，看作向父親母親顯現(xiàn)自己成功的一種方式。第四段，作者建議夫婦能夠對金錢擁有不同的看法，可是不可以夠對它采

42、納回避的態(tài)度，避而不談。相對來說，這篇文章的難度比較大。文章看懂其實不難，可是題目中，推理題和粗心題比許多，需要在充分理解作者企圖，認識文章要旨的基礎上，才能選出正確答案。相信能就必定能優(yōu)良文檔2011年6月大學英語四級真題PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum

43、,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)andheat-relatedhealth

44、problems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.Rog

45、erPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForumsreportwasamethodologicalembarrassmentbecausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicde

46、velopmentinvulnerable(易受損害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的).However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswho

47、supervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincrea

48、singtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.62.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?Globaltemp

49、eraturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForumsreportfromthepassage?Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexpe

50、rts.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForumsreport?A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.C)Itdeservesourclosestattention.相信能就必定能優(yōu)良文檔Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D)Itsconclusionispurpo

51、selyexaggerated.65.WhatisSorenAndreasensviewofthereport?Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.66.WhatdoesKofiAnnans

52、ayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.PassageTwo本篇文章主假如環(huán)繞一份來自GlobalHumanitarianForum的報告睜開的，在解題以前，經(jīng)過對5個題干的閱讀，以及在原文中的定位，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)，這篇文章是嚴格依據(jù)次序原則來出題的。每一個題干中都有大寫的字母，這些首字母大寫的單詞既是要點詞，也是定位詞，能夠有