英語十大詞性學(xué)案講課教案

1、文檔編碼 : CM2P2Q7F5V7 HM10L9I6J6N6 ZX8R6X5K10I8英 語 十 大 詞 性 學(xué) 案第 1 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔初高連接語法復(fù)習(xí)一：十大詞類 /詞性 表示人或事物的名稱 teacher, book等；表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) work, study, live 等；詞類實(shí)詞表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特點(diǎn)good, big, beautiful 等；表示動(dòng)作或性狀的特點(diǎn) fast, very等；表示數(shù)量和次序 two, fifth 等示說話似的感情或口氣 Oh, ah等；用來連接詞,短語,從句或句子and, but等；表示與其他詞之間的關(guān)系 in, on, by, w

2、ith 等；虛詞 代替名詞,數(shù)詞等 we ,me, he 等；表示名詞的泛指或特指 a, an, the等；留意：寫標(biāo)題時(shí),一般說來 首字母大寫,小寫；第一章 Noun 名詞一名詞分類表示國名,人名,地名等 表示團(tuán)體,機(jī)構(gòu)名稱等 名詞China ,Beijing, Zhu Geliang the communist Party of China, the United Nations 可數(shù)名詞表示個(gè)別人或物的名computer, piano ocean, bridge, 稱 表示如干人或物的總 稱 表 示 性 質(zhì) , 行 為 狀class, family, government police,

3、 future, grammar, air, work, new, friendship, kindness, help air, bread, glass, money, soup 不 可 數(shù) 名態(tài),情感等抽象概念詞的名詞表示物質(zhì),材料的名 稱留意：專出名詞要大寫 ,且都是名詞；收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 2 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔二不行數(shù)名詞的計(jì)量形式不行數(shù)名詞沒有詞形的變化,需要計(jì)量時(shí),可用 以數(shù)詞和變表量單位詞為復(fù)數(shù)的形式來表示；連接相應(yīng)的標(biāo)量單位詞,并加a glass of water-two glasses of water a bottle of ink- ten

4、bottles of ink 三名詞的雙重性1. 有些名詞用作不行數(shù)名詞時(shí),表示抽象概念；與不定冠詞連用或用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)表示具體事物；名詞不行數(shù)可數(shù)pleasure difficulty beauty success 2.有些名詞,既可作可數(shù)名詞,也可以做不行數(shù)名詞,但意思不一樣；名詞不行數(shù)可數(shù)experience sand water wood 四可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)（一）規(guī)章變化1. 一般在詞尾 + dogs, books 2. 以 s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞 + glasses, boxes, watches, brushes 3. 以元音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的名詞 , boys, monkey

5、s 假如是以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的名詞 , countries, factories 4. 以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞 + radios, zoos 以下次只能 +es: （黑人）,（英雄）,（土豆）,（西紅柿）5. 以 f, fe 結(jié)尾一般 knives, leaves 7. 復(fù)合詞變復(fù)數(shù)以 為主 passers-by, grown-ups, girlfriends, sisters-in-law, lookers-on （二）不規(guī)章變化1. 有些名詞在固定詞組中確定用復(fù)數(shù) make friends with, shake hands with, thanks to 2. deer, Chinese

6、, sheep, fish, police, Japanese 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 3 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔3. maths, crossroads, news, 4. 改換或增加字母 woman foot mouse5. man,woman 構(gòu)成的合成詞,五名詞全部格（一）用于有生命的名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù) a man doctor men doctors 1. 單數(shù)名詞后加 “” Tom s book , my friend s uncle2. .以 s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ,就在 s 后加“” Teachers Day , two weeks holiday3. 合成詞 my

7、 brother-in-law s mother, anybody else s opinion 4. 多者共同擁有,；各自擁有,Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房間（兩人共有一間房間）Lucys and Lilys rooms 露西的房間和莉莉的房間（兩人各有一間房間）5. 介詞 表示全部格 the answers to the questions, the key to the lock, the notes to the text 6. 介詞 表示全部格 a gift for Jim s birthdays, books for children, the ticke

8、t for the film 7. 介詞 表示全部格 a girl with golden hail, a man with glasses, a child with good manners （二）用于無生命的名詞1. 在表示 , , , , ,等名詞后 +s Two day s journey, two miles distance, a dollar s stamp, China s open-door policy, London s future, the earth s environment, industry s pollution problem, the factory

9、s output, the machine s design, the college s good environment 2. 一般情形用 表示所屬關(guān)系 the top of the tower, the legs of the table 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 4 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔其次章 Article 冠詞一冠詞的分類冠詞a an the 不使用冠詞二. 不定冠詞的用法1. a用在以開頭的單詞前 an用在以開頭的單詞前 _book _ egg _ useful book _ underground room 2. 指人或事物的某一種類； She is a gi

10、rl. 她是女孩 This is a desk. 這是一張書桌3. 泛指某人或者某物,但又不具體說明何人何物 I can see a kite. 我能觀看一只風(fēng)箏 A boy is in Grade 1.一個(gè)男孩在一年級4. 表示數(shù)量,有“”的意思 We have six classes a day. 我們一天上六節(jié)課5. 用在一些固定短語中 : a lot of, after a while, go for a walk, have a good time, in a hurry 三. 定冠詞的用法1.特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物,以便與其他的人或物有所區(qū)分The book on the

11、desk is Jim書桌上的那本書是吉姆的The chairs are there. 椅子在那里2. 指 的人或事物Where is the kite. 風(fēng)箏在哪兒？（雙方都知道指的是哪只風(fēng)箏）Open the door, please.請把門打開（雙方都知道要打開哪扇門）3. 在表達(dá)中,上文提到過的人或者事物,再次顯現(xiàn)時(shí)： I can see a kite. ： where is the kite. 4. 用在 前,表示 “一家人 ” the Blacks 布來克一家 的天體名詞之前 the sun the sky the moon the earth 5. 用在 6. 用在 和,以及 前

12、I live on the second floor. 我住在二樓Skating is the best sport in winter. 滑冰是冬天最好的運(yùn)動(dòng)He comes from the south. 他來自南方；收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 5 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔7. 與 連用表示一類事物,如 the dollar 美元 ; the fox 狐貍或與 連用,表示一類人： the living 生者； the old 老人8. 用在表示 的名詞之前 the violin the piano 9.用在一些固定短語中 : all over the world, at the

13、 age of, at the same time, by the way, in the end, the day before yesterday 四. 零冠詞的用法1. 名詞前有了 時(shí)；Our books, those apples,some students, Jims pen2. 名詞在表示一類人或者事物時(shí)；They are teachers. 他們是老師；3. 在表示的名詞前 China England s Day4. 在前 on Sunday in August on Children5. 在前及名詞前play football/ basketball have supper 6

14、. 在一些固定搭配中 : at night, go to school, watch TV, by bike, at home 以下詞組中,有無冠詞意義不同；go to school go to the school take place take the place of in front of in the front of 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 6 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔第三章 Numeral 數(shù)詞一數(shù)詞的分類數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量的多少 one, two, ten 表示數(shù)的次序 first, second, twelfth 基數(shù)詞：1. 1 至 12詞尾不固定 one, tw

15、o, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten ,eleven, twelve 2. 13 至 19 詞尾 + thirteen, fourteen, , sixteen, seventeen, eighteen nineteen 3. 20 至 90 詞尾 + twenty, thirty, , , sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 4. 十位和個(gè)位用 連接 twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three, fifty-four, sixty-five, seventy-six 5. 百

16、位和十位之間用 121 6. 單位詞： 100 1,000 1,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000,000 123,456,789,012 序數(shù)詞：1. 第 1 至第 3 形式各異 : 第 1 （）,第 2 （）,第 3 （）2. 第 4 至第 19 用 fourth, , sixth, seventh, , , tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, ,sixteenth, seventeenth, , nineteenth 3. 第 20 至第 90 twentieth, thirtieth, , ,six

17、tieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth 4. 只變個(gè)位基數(shù)詞為序數(shù)詞123,456,789,012 二與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的其他表示法1. 分?jǐn)?shù)：分子是,分母是；分子大于 1 時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞 + ；分母如是 2 和 4,half, quarter可代替； 1/5 ；2/5 ；1/2 ；1/4 ；2. 百分?jǐn)?shù)： %讀作 35% thirty-five percent 3. 小數(shù)：小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 23.065 twenty-three point zero six five 4. 倍數(shù)： 一倍；二倍；三倍；四倍；5. 度數(shù)：C 讀作；15C 讀作 fifteen degr

18、ees centigrade 6. 其他：第 15 行；倒數(shù)第 15 行；倒數(shù)其次；倒數(shù)第三；7. 常見數(shù)學(xué)符號的英文讀法：+ ；= ； ； 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 7 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔8. 年月日：在某年（月、世紀(jì)、上午、下午、晚上）用；在星期幾,某日,某日的上午、下午、晚上用；在幾點(diǎn)幾分前用；9. 時(shí)刻：包括或低于 30 分鐘用；超過 30 分鐘用；電臺、機(jī)場、車站等計(jì)時(shí)直接讀數(shù) 6:15 ；6:45 ；6:30 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 8 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔第四章 Pronoun 代詞一代詞的分類用來代替人或物 表示所屬關(guān)系謂語動(dòng)作返回到發(fā)出

19、者本身,起強(qiáng)調(diào)或?qū)Ρ茸?用 表示相互關(guān)系,相互,彼此 代詞 起指示、指代作用 表疑問,可指人或物引導(dǎo)定語從句 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句代替或修士任何不定數(shù)量及不定范疇的人或物二人稱代詞 1人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格,如下表所示；主格單數(shù)主格復(fù)數(shù)賓格賓格第一人稱 其次人稱 第三人稱2人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分；通常作主語,作賓語；如： I like table tennis. （作主語） Do you know him.（作賓語）3人稱代詞仍可作表語；作表語時(shí)用；如： -Who is knocking at the door.-It me. 4人稱代詞在 than 之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用主格和賓格都可

20、以；如： He is older than me. He is older than I am. 三. 物主代詞 1物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,如下表所示；單數(shù)第一人形容詞性物主代名詞性物主代詞詞稱 其次人 稱 第三人 稱收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 9 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔復(fù)數(shù) 第一人 稱 其次人 稱 第三人 稱 2 物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,可在句中作定語；例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 3 物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語； Our school

21、 is here, and theirs is there.（作主語）- Is this English-book yours. （作表語） - No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours. （作賓語）四. 反身代詞 英語中用來表示 我自己 ,你自己 ,他自己 ,我們自己 ,你們自己 等意義 的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為自身代名詞,其形式如表所示：第一人稱其次人稱第三人稱單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 反身代詞可以在句中作,；1作,表示動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,主語和賓語指同一個(gè)人或一些

22、人； He called himself a writer2作；It doesnt matter.ll be myself soon3作主語或賓語的,表示親自或本人； I myself washed the clothes反身代詞 ：enjoy oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understoodheard ,for oneself 為自己, of oneself 自然地,自動(dòng)地 by oneself 獨(dú)自地,五相互代詞 用于兩者或兩者以上 , 用于三者或三者以上,在現(xiàn)代英語中可通用；I hope you will get along w

23、ell with each other/one another. 六指示代詞 1. 指示代詞的分類：指示代單數(shù)近指,承上啟下復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)遠(yuǎn)指,承上復(fù)數(shù)詞這樣的同樣的 This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 10 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔2有時(shí) 和 指前面講到過的事物,和 就是指下面將要講到的事物；I had a cold. That s/This s why I didnt come. What I

24、want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有時(shí)為了防止重復(fù)提到的名詞,常可用that 或 those代替；Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4在電話用語中代表自己,就代表對方；Hello. This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking. 5. such 和 same也可具有指示和指代的作用；-You have made such rapid prog

25、ress in English. -So it is the same with you. 七疑問代詞1. who（指人,主格） : Who went with you to the party. 2. whom（指人,賓格） : Whom did you go with to the party. 3. whose（指人,全部格） : Whose book is this. 4. what（指物,主格或賓格） : What is this. 5. which（指人或物） : Which do you like. 6.whoever, whichever, whatever（表示強(qiáng)調(diào),不帶疑問

26、語氣）Whichever of you get fist will get the prize. Take whatever action is needed. I ll take whoever wants to go. 八關(guān)系代詞用于引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系代詞,主要有以下幾種：關(guān)系代 詞指人 指物 指人或物1. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 2. Professor Liu is the person whom you talked about in the classroom. 3. He has a frien

27、d whose father is a doctor. 4. Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 5. This is an old computer that/which woks much slower. 6. As we all know, the moon travels around the earth once every week. 九連接代詞用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（即主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句）的詞稱為關(guān)系代詞,主要有,等1. Who（主從） will go there is what（表從） you mus

28、t decide. 2. I wondered which （賓從） team will win. 3 I don t know whom（賓從） I just talked to. 3. I have no idea whose（同為從） side I should take.收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 11 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔十不定代詞1. some與 any： some用于句中,表示“一些 ”,用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示 “”；I have some friends. Smith went to some place in England.（定語）在期望對方回答 yes 時(shí)

29、, some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中；Would you like some bananas.（邀請） Mum, could you give me some money.請求 any用于 句和 句 ；Is there any student in the classroom. No ,there isnt any student.當(dāng) any強(qiáng)調(diào) “”時(shí),也可用于確定句中 Any day is okay for me. 同理, something,somebody,someone的用法同 some；anything,anybody,anyone的用法同 any；2. one, both, a

30、ll . one指人或物, “”,其復(fù)數(shù)為 . This is not the one I want.表語 . both 指人或指物, “” This maths problem can be worked out in both ways. 定語 both用于否定句,表示 否定；表示完全否定時(shí),用；Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是老師； Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是老師；both不能放在 the、these、those、my 等之,而應(yīng)放在它們之；Both my parents like this film. .

31、All “”,可與可數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞連用,表示“”,指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物； He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢給了我；All the schools are flooded.全部的學(xué)校都被淹了；留意： all 用于否定句,表示否定,完全否定用；Not all the ants go out for food. / All the ants dont go out for food. 并不是全部的螞蟻都出去查找食物； None of the money is mine. 這錢一分也不是我的；3. few, little; a few, a little . 和 表示

32、沒有多少,含否定意義；而和表示有一些,有幾個(gè),含確定意義；另外,和修飾可數(shù)名詞；和修飾不行數(shù)名詞；它們在句中常用作定語、主語和賓語；4. each和 every . each（各個(gè)）,指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物,側(cè)重個(gè)體,在句中作；. every（每個(gè)）,指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物,側(cè)重整體,在句中只能作；Every student it our class has a dictionary.強(qiáng)調(diào)班上 “全部的人 ” Each student in our class has a dictionary.（強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)個(gè)體）Each of them has been there. The teacher

33、 gave each of the students a new textbook. We each got a ticket. 5. either和 neither 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 12 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔. either 是“”的意思,可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞. neither是“”的意思,可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,它們可在句在作主語、賓語或定語；如： Neither of them is a teacher.主語 Here are two pens. You may take either of them.賓語 Neither boy knows Fren

34、ch.定語 6. other, others ,the other, the others 和 another others可指；”,不能. other意思是 “其他的 ”,不行以使用,后面必需接名詞,表泛指；其他的人或東西,相當(dāng)于；. the other表示 “”； the others特指其他某些人或物,相當(dāng)于. another修飾或代替名詞,意為 “（三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的）另一個(gè)指兩者中的另一個(gè),在句中可作賓語和定語；He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, th

35、e others the other pens are yellow. Some students are singing, others other students are dancing. Please give me another book. It 的用法：1用作人稱代詞,代替My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.-Who is knocking at the door.- It s me.Jack is ill. Have you heard about it. 2用以代替指示代詞- Whose exercise-book is th

36、at. - It s hers.- Whats this. -It s a flag.3表示、等It s time for lunch.When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer. It s about two hours from here to the zoo. It s winter now. It was very quiet noisy at the moment. 4作,代替由不定式（或不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正主語；It is exciting to find an ancient tomb. 代替不定式 It was

37、wrong for you not to help her. 代替不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.（代替主語從句）5作,代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正賓語；He feels it his duty to help others. We thought it no use doing that. I find it difficult to solve the problem. 6用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分（通常是主語、賓語、或狀語）,常用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)I s

38、aw Li Ping in the street yesterday. 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 13 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔It was I that / who saw Li Ping in the street this morning. It was Li Ping that I saw in the street this morning. It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning. It was yesterday that I saw Li Ping in the street. 強(qiáng)調(diào) not unt

39、il 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),句型為：留意:that 后接確定式；I didnt go to bed un til I had finished my homework last night. It was not until I had finished my homework last night that I went to bed. 7. It 句型的歸納1）. 或It s cruel of him to kill that animal. It is very kind of you to help us. = You are kind to help us. 常見的形容詞有： clever, br

40、ight, foolish, stupid, silly, wise, careful, careless, rude, impolite, nice, right, wrong, silly, good, brave, honest 等描畫 的形容詞；2）. It is difficult for us to learn English. It is important for her to come to the party. 常見形容詞的有： important, necessary, natural , easy , common , normal ,hard , difficult

41、, dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等描畫的形容詞；3）表示 “做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間”.或 It took him some time to find the elephant. He spent some time in finding the elephant. 4）. 表示 “做某事花費(fèi)某人多少錢 ” .或 或或 或5）. 表示 “做某事無用 ”It is no use regretting your past mistakes. It is no use crying over split milk. It is no

42、 good learning English without speaking English. 能以動(dòng)名詞作主語的這類句子并不多,主要在以 no good, no use, useless, worthwhile, 等詞作表語的句子中用；6）. 表示 “某件事怎么樣或是什么 ”It is very clear that hes tall like a tree.It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 適用于這種句型的形容詞詞有 : obvious, necessary, right, strange, natural, true 適用于這

43、種句型的名詞有 : a fact, a shame, an honor, no wonder 7）. 表示 “某件事被怎么樣 ”It is said that he has been ill for years. = He is said to have been ill for years. 適用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞有 report, announce, decide, learn, expect, arrange, suggest, etc. 8）. 表示 “某件事看起來怎么樣 ”It seems that they are talking. It looks as if he is ill.

44、 用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞 happen, turn out, appears等s father.It happened that she was not at home. It turned out th at he was Bush收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 14 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔9）. 表示 “這/那是某人第幾次做某事 ”該句型中的 that 從句用完成時(shí)態(tài)；至于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài),由主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)準(zhǔn)備；假如是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),后面從句用 就用 時(shí)態(tài),時(shí)態(tài)；假如是一般過去時(shí),后面從句It is the first time I have been here. = This is

45、 the first time I have been here. It was the first time I had been here. 10）. 表示“該做某事了 ”It is time for supper./ It is time for us to have supper./ It is time that we had supper. 留意： that從句中要用 語氣 It s time that this problem was / should be solved第五章 Adjective 形容詞一. 形容詞的位置1放在 前做定語； She is a good stude

46、nt Mary is an honest, hardworking girl. 2放在 之后作表語； This film is very interesting. She looks younger than her age. 3放在 作賓語補(bǔ)足語； We painted the wall white. His coming made us happy. 留意： 1）修飾 some, any, every, no和 body, thing,one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),形容詞放在名詞之； nobody absent, everything possible 2）有最高級或 only 修飾的名詞

47、,以 -able, -ible 結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于之 . the best book available, 3） alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以 . the person awake 4）用 and 或 or 連接起來的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞之； Everybody, old and young, should attend the meeting. 二. 多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的次序：冠詞,物主代詞,指示代詞（the, my, this）序數(shù)詞（ first）基數(shù)詞（ three）觀點(diǎn)（ kind, fine）形狀（ sma

48、ll, long）年齡,新舊（ young, old）顏色（ red, green）國籍（ Chinese, American）材料名詞（ oil, wooden）+被修飾名詞口訣：三. 形容詞的比較級和最高級1.變化規(guī)章1）通常在詞尾 + 和； greatgreatergreatest 2）以 -e 結(jié)尾 + 和； widewiderwidest 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 15 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔3 輔音字母 -y 結(jié)尾的形容詞 . happyhappierhappiest 4 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音的形容詞,；bigbiggerbiggest 5）

49、以 -er, -ow, -ble, -ple 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 + 和； clevercleverercleverest 6）多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞的形容詞+ 和在形容詞前；beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful carefulmore carefulmost careful 7 形容詞的比較級和最高級不規(guī)章變化表形 容 詞 /副 詞 原比較級最高級級good/well bad/badly/ill many/much little old far 2. 形容詞比較級和最高級的用法: 比較級： Our teacher is taller than we are.

50、 我們的老師比我們的高；最高級： +形容詞最高級 She is the best student in her class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 4. 特殊用法 : 1）.“ The+形容詞比較級 ., the+形容詞比較級 .表示 “”；The more, the better. The more you learn, the more you know. The more I have, the more I want. 2.） 形容詞比較級 + and + 形容詞比較級 , 表示 ；It etting hotte

51、r and hotter. He is getting poorer and poorer. 3）主語 +謂語系動(dòng)詞 +as+形容詞原級 +as+從句；表示This box is as big as mine. This coat is as cheap as that one. 4）用 表示類別和整體He always helps the poor. I like to have a talk with the young. ；5）more than 有時(shí)表示 “”He is more diligent than wise. He is more a friend than a teache

52、r. 6）“ no+比較級 +than ”表示；“ not +比較級 +than ”表示 His English is no better than mine. 兩人的英語都不好 His English is not better than mine. 他的英語不如我的英語好僅否定 “他的英語 ” He is no taller than me. He is not taller than me. 7）有時(shí)用比較級表示最高級的意思 , 如: She can t be more beautiful. He works harder than the other students in his c

53、lass.= He works harder than any other student in his class. 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 16 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔四以 -ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞1. 大部分形容詞詞加 -ly 可構(gòu)成副詞；但 friendly ,deadly ,lovely ,lonely , lively ,ugly ,brotherly 仍為形容詞；2. 有些以 -ly 結(jié)尾的詞既為形容詞,也為副詞；daily ,weekly ,monthly ,yearly ,early 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 17 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔第六章

54、Adverb 副詞 一副詞的分類表示時(shí)間 now, then, often, early, never等表示地點(diǎn) there, here, below, above等描述動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式well, slowly, hard, badly 等副描述動(dòng)作、行為或狀態(tài)的程度very, still, rather, much, hardly 等usually, often, sometimes, 詞指確定時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)always等用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句how, when, where, why等用來連接 連接兩個(gè)句子 therefore, besides, then, 句子或從 however等句

55、引導(dǎo)從句 when, where, why, whether等用來引導(dǎo)定語從句where,when, why 其他副詞 修飾整個(gè)句子 also, not, too等二副詞的構(gòu)成1本身即為副詞,如 now, rather, very, there , how, when , too等 2. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦痹~的方式 1） , 例如 : early, late, fast 2）在形容詞尾加上 , 例如 :actively, badly, beautifully, coldly, quickly, sadly, safely 3）形容詞是輔音 +y 結(jié)尾, ；例如 :Easily, heavily,

56、luckily, happily, hungrily 4）形容詞輔音 e 結(jié)尾 , ；例如 : comfortable -comfortably 3一些形容詞本身即可做副詞,而加ly 之后也為副詞,但意義不同,如： late -lately close -closely 三副詞的用法1做狀語1）修飾It s raining heavily. 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 18 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔2）修飾It s rather a difficult job. 3）修飾Dont ride too fast. 4）修飾 Where is the broom. 5 修飾 This e

57、xactly what he said. 6 修飾 Life here is full of joy. 2. 做表語 一般位于 之后The class is over. 3.做介詞 Who is calling me from downstairs. 誰在樓下喊我？4.做定語1做定語放于被修飾動(dòng)詞之 Are you content with the life here. 2quite, such修飾名詞時(shí),放在被修飾詞之 He spent quite a long time there. 5.做,補(bǔ)充說明 We were shown around by the young man. 四副詞的比

58、較級和最高級用法同形容詞的比較級用法基本一樣；但是,以后綴 那樣加 er或 est,而是ly 結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 留意： early,either只能用于句,而且必需五其他副詞also, too, either also 一般置于,too 通常置于置于 He is a technician. I am also a technician. He is a technician. I am a technician, too. I dont know. Yo

59、u dont know, either. 收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系治理員刪除第 19 頁,共 24 頁精品文檔第七章 Preposition 介詞一. 簡潔介詞在鄰近 , 關(guān)于 , 在 .四周 , 忙于 在 .之內(nèi)在 .上方 , 過于 , 超出 到 .里, 進(jìn)入到 .之內(nèi) , 成為 .狀況 , 深化 .之中越過 , 交叉 , 在.的那邊 , 在.對面那邊 象 , 如同在 .之后 , 在.后面 , 仿照 , 與.一樣 , 以 .命名 , 后 在 .近旁 , 近. 來的 , 后面的相反 , 反對 , 逆著 , 靠著 , 倚著 .的 , 由.制成的 , 離, 關(guān)于 , 對于在 .之中 , .之一

60、從 .離開 , 脫離在 .四周 , 四處 在 .之上 , 依附于 , 接近 , 靠近 , 向 , 在.時(shí)候 , 關(guān)于 , 涉及順著 , 沿著 從 出來在 , 于 , 向, 對準(zhǔn) , 在.方面 在 .之上 , 越過在 .之前 越過 , 晚于在 .之后 自從 , 自 .以來在 .下面 , adv.在下 , 在頁底 穿過 , 通過 , 從開頭到終止 , 經(jīng)由 , 以在旁邊 , 和 .比較 遍及 , 貫穿在 .之間 , 連接 .,由 .協(xié)力合作 直到 , 在 .以前 , 迄在 到 .較遠(yuǎn)的一邊 , 超過 , 那一邊向 , 往, 給.,于.,直到 .為止 , 在.之前 , 比 , 對, 表示程度、范疇