中考英語專題復(fù)習專題一名詞課課件

1、專題一名詞專題一專題一 名詞 分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞詞義辨析的考查主要為語境辨析。其中主要涉及同類名詞語境辨析的考查, 包括地點類、稱呼類、身體部位類、物品類、顏色類、國家及地區(qū)類、飲食類等名詞的辨析。對于此類試題，考生應(yīng)該按照類別來記憶。此外，有些題可以通過分析語境和邏輯關(guān)系確定正確答案?？忌鲞@類題時，首先要掌握足夠的詞匯量，其次結(jié)合生活經(jīng)驗和常識，理解句意，推測語境，最后得出正確答案。甘肅中考?？嫉耐惷~列舉如下：類別例詞地點類 hometown 家鄉(xiāng)；city 城市；farm 農(nóng)場；school 學校；symbol 象征；hospital 醫(yī)院； road 道路；ga

2、rdens花園；zoos動物園；shop商店 稱呼類teacher 老師；worker 工人；doctor 醫(yī)生；driver 司機；student學生；king國王；pilot飛行員；waiter服務(wù)員；jumper跳高運動員；parents家長；dentist牙醫(yī)身體部位類(2016省卷22題)eyes眼睛；noses鼻子；mouths嘴巴；fingers手指物品類(2015省卷53題)stamps郵票；novels小說；instruments樂器；magazines雜志1名詞詞義辨析專題一 名詞 分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞詞義辨顏色類green綠色；yellow黃色；blue

3、藍色；orange橘色；red紅色；black黑色；white白色；pink粉色；purple紫色；brown棕色 國家及地區(qū)類world世界; country/nation國家; Asia亞洲; Europe歐洲; Africa非洲; China中國; America美國; Britain英國；Korea韓國; Russia俄羅斯； France法國； Germany德國； Brazil巴西； India印度； Japan日本飲食類orange juice橘子汁；orange橘子；banana香蕉；apple 蘋果；tea茶；coffee咖啡；water水；fish魚；milk牛奶；lemo

4、n檸檬；bread面包；beef牛肉；potato土豆；tomato西紅柿；moon cake 月餅； dumpling餃子；vegetable蔬菜顏色類green綠色；yellow黃色；blue藍色；ora考點小練1.Im a littlze hungry now. I only drank some this morning. A. bread B. milk C. banana D. noodleB2.The passengers safety mostly depends on the when the plane is flying. A. engineer B. pilot C.

5、programmer D. teacherB3.Kate will arrive in Beijing. We are all at the to pick her up. A. station B. library C. restaurant D. hotelA4.I didnt send an e-mail to Mary because my is broken down. A. clock B. computer C. pen D. bikeB考點小練1.Im a littlze hungry now5.The Chinese saying“A tree cant make a for

6、est”tells us that is very important in a football match. A. ability B. decision C. teamwork D.experience C6.We all want to try something new, but finding the_ to start is always the hardest part. A. idea B. pride C. courage D. progressC7.The charity show was a big _. We have raised much money for Pr

7、oject Hope. A. success B. surprise C. suggestion D. stressA8.The two countries have reached a(n) _to share the latest information about science and technology so that they can develop together. A. achievement B. agreement C. suggestion D. conversationB5.The Chinese saying“A tree ca9.Smoking is not a

8、llowed in this meeting . It is a bad behavior. A. room B. home C. house D. familyA9.Smoking is not allowed in th2名詞的數(shù)分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞的數(shù)主要考查可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。 1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 規(guī)則變化表情況構(gòu)成方法舉例一般情況加-sriverriversflowerflowers festivalfestivals以字母s, x, sh, ch等結(jié)尾的詞加-esboxboxespeachpeacheswishwishes以字母f, fe

9、結(jié)尾的詞變f, fe為v再加-esleafleaves knifeknives wifewives lifelives加-schiefchiefs2名詞的數(shù)分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞的數(shù)主要考查情況構(gòu)成方法舉例以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞先變y為i再加-esactivityactivities以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的詞若表示有生命的加-estomatotomatoesheroheroes若表示無生命的加-sphotophotos情況構(gòu)成方法舉例以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞先變y為i再加-esa不規(guī)則變化表構(gòu)成方法舉例改a為e型manmen, womanwomen改oo為ee型footfeet在詞尾

10、加-renchildchildren單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同（2017蘭州28題）fishfish；sheepsheep；deerdeer；ChineseChinese；JapaneseJapanese常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers；glasses；thanks；clothes；goods;chopsticks;people其他特殊形式mousemice巧記口訣名詞復(fù)數(shù)有規(guī)律, 一般詞尾加-s；輔音字母+y型, 變y為i加-es；ch, sh, s, x真有趣, 全部都加-es；f, fe特殊記，一般字母v來替，-es在后別忘記；字母o來真神奇, 有生命加-es, 沒有生命加-s。不規(guī)則變

11、化表構(gòu)成方法舉例改a為e型manmen, wom2.常見不可數(shù)名詞的歸納與用法常見的不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞食物bread面包;meat 肉;cheese 奶酪;milk牛奶;water 水;wine 酒;oil 油自然物體soil土壤;sand 沙子;wood 木頭抽象名詞情感joy高興;friendship 友誼;peace 和平學科math數(shù)學;geography 地理;physics 物理;chemistry 化學概念population人口;knowledge 知識不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示不可數(shù)名詞的多少可用以下詞組來表示： a block of一塊;a bottle of 一瓶;a grou

12、p of 一群;a pair of 一組/雙/對;a piece of一片(張/塊);a pile of 一堆。 短語a pair (piece) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，中心詞是a pair(piece), 故謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若是短語two pairs (pieces) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，則中心詞是two pairs, 故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2.常見不可數(shù)名詞的歸納與用法常見的不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)食物br單詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)chicken雞雞肉exercise練習題鍛煉experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗glass玻璃杯玻璃life生命生活paper報紙,文件紙room房間空間time次數(shù),倍數(shù)時間wood樹林

13、木頭,木材常見的不可數(shù)名詞單詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)chicken雞雞肉exercise練習題鍛煉考點小練10.My grandma often tells me some interesting (story) before I go to bed.stories11.There used to be many (wolf), but only a few of them remain now.wolves 12.Dont eat too much sugar. Its bad for your (tooth).teeth13.My little sister learned to make two (

14、cake) yesterday.cakes14.I will go to the US for further study in three (month).months考點小練10.My grandma often tells 3名詞所有格 分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞所有格在語法與情景對話、任務(wù)型完形填空、詞匯中考查。 如何判斷名詞所有格：1.當空格后為名詞，且空前為形容詞性物主代詞時；2.當有兩個主語時，注意判斷某物是共有還是各自所有。類別構(gòu)成方法例詞有生命的名詞在單數(shù)名詞和不是以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞加sChildrens Day兒童節(jié)Lynns friend琳恩的朋友

15、在以-s或-es結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞詞尾加-s、復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾加-their bosss car他們老板的車the workers tasks工人的任務(wù)3名詞所有格 分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞類別構(gòu)成方法例詞有生命的名詞表示幾個人共同擁有某物時，只需在最后一個人名后加上-s，表示各自所有時，則需在每個人名后都加-s（2015省卷50題）Jim and Toms room 吉姆和湯姆共用的房間Jims and Toms rooms吉姆和湯姆各自的房間無生命的名詞時間、距離、世界、國家、城市、機構(gòu)等在詞尾加-s或-todays newspaper今天的報紙ten minutes walk十分鐘

16、的步行路其他一般用“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)a leg of the table桌子的一條腿the wall of the room房間的墻類別構(gòu)成方法例詞有生命的名詞表示幾個人共同擁有某物時，只需在類別構(gòu)成方法例詞雙重所有格of + -s所有格a friend of her mothers她媽媽的一個朋友of+名詞性物主代詞a little dog of mine我的一條小狗類別構(gòu)成方法雙重所有格of + -s所有格a friend考點小練15. mothers are waiting for them at the school gate. Tell them to go there at onc

17、e after class. A. Lucy and Lilys B. Lucys and Lilys C. Lucy and Lily D. Lucys and LilyB16.Uncle Wang is an excellent engineer. He is a friend of . A. my father B. my fathers C. my fathers D. my fathersB17. music teacher is Miss Zhang and she is a very beautiful woman. A. Ann and her brother B. Ann a

18、nd her brothers C. Anns and her brother D. Anns and her brothersB考點小練15. 18.There is an MP5 on the desk. Whose is this? It can be my , for she bought one yesterday. A. sister B. sisters C. sisters D. sistersB19.How far is your home from school？ Its about two walk. A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hourB

19、18.There is an MP5 on the des4名詞作定語針對名詞作定語，考生須掌握以下兩種形式結(jié)構(gòu)：1.名詞修飾名詞（1）作定語的名詞一般用單數(shù)形式，變復(fù)數(shù)只需將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。 如：country music鄉(xiāng)村音樂； girl student girl students女學生。（2）當man和woman作定語時，變復(fù)數(shù)形式時將中心詞及man或woman 都變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：man driver men drivers男司機； woman teacher women teachers女教師。2.“數(shù)詞-名詞”修飾名詞(2015省卷45題，2015蘭州45題)（1）“數(shù)詞-

20、名詞單數(shù)”形式，可將作定語的名詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的所有格形式。 如：a two-day holiday=two daysholiday兩天的假期；a ten-minute walk=ten minutes walk 步行十分鐘的路程。（2）“數(shù)詞-名詞單數(shù)-形容詞”形式。 如：a 15-year-old girl一個十五歲大的女孩； a 10-meter-long bridge一座十米長的橋。4名詞作定語針對名詞作定語，考生須掌握以下兩種形式結(jié)構(gòu)：1.考點小練20.Kate is girl. Shes very happy at school. A. a eighteen year old B. an

21、 eighteen-year-old C. an eighteen-years old D. a eighteen years oldB21.What kind of noodles would you like? . A. Mutton and tomatoes noodles B. Mutton and tomato noodles C. Muttons and tomatoes noodles D. Muttons and tomato noodlesB考點小練20.Kate is g22.We should wear when we play ball games. A. sport

22、shoes B. sport shoe C. sports shoes D. sports shoeC23.This chair is not stable, so it has to be repaired. A. three-leg B. three leg C. three-legs D. third legsA24.There are so many in front of my house. I often pick up apples from them in autumn. A. apple tree B. apples tree C. apples trees D. apple

23、 treesD22.We should wear 5用所給名詞的適當形式填空名詞加-y（2017省卷79題）luck（幸運） lucky（幸運的）rain（雨水） rainy(多雨的)wind(風) windy(多風的,大風的)cloud(云) cloudy(多云的，陰天的)snow(雪) snowy(多雪的) 名詞加-nalnation(國家) national(國家的)education(教育) educational(有教育意義的)tradition(傳統(tǒng)) traditional(傳統(tǒng)的) 表示肯定意 義的形容詞 （2016省卷80題; 2016蘭州92題） use(使用) usefu

24、l(有用的，有益的)care(關(guān)心，小心) careful(小心的)harm(傷害) harmful(無害的)help(幫助) helpful(有幫助的，有益的) 名詞加-less構(gòu)成 表示否定意義的 形容詞use(用處) useless(無用的)care(關(guān)心，小心) careless(粗心的)harm(傷害) harmless(無害的)help(幫助) helpless(無助的)名詞變形容詞規(guī)則表5用所給名詞的適當形式填空名詞加-yluck（幸運） 名詞加-ly（2017省卷71題）friend(朋友) friendly(友好的)love(愛) lovely(可愛的)名詞加-ousdang

25、er(危險) dangerous(危險的)humor(幽默，詼諧) humorous(有幽默感的，滑稽可笑的)名詞加-ishfool(傻瓜) foolish(愚蠢的)Spain(西班牙) Spanish(西班牙的)一些以-ence結(jié)尾的名詞，把-ence變?yōu)閑nt構(gòu)成形容詞difference(不同) different(不同的)independence(獨立) independent(獨立的，自主的)silence(沉默，無聲) silent(不說話的，沉默的)friend(朋友) friendly(友好考點小練25.Each of us should read an (education) book during the winter cational 26.After the earthquake, hundreds of people became _ (home).homeless27.All of us hope t