英國文學(xué)選讀課件Unit-3-Francis-Bacon

1、英國文學(xué)選讀課件Unit-3-Francis-BaconUnit 3 Francis Bacon (1561-1626) “Of Marriage and Single Life”“Of Studies”I Bacons position and contributionII A brief introduction to EssaysIII A close analysis of “Of Marriage and Single Life” IV A close analysis of “Of Studies”VI Useful on-line references for further s

2、tudyV Questions for further explorationUnit 3 Francis Bacon (I Bacons position and contribution1. Position Father of Modern Science the first major English essayist English Renaissance philosopher, scholar, lawyer and statesman2. Contribution Literary contribution: making essay writing a popular for

3、m in English by introducing scientific style to England Major contributions to philosophy: application of induction to scientific research, a breakthrough in the approach to scienceI Bacons position and contriII A brief introduction to Bacons Essays 1. Actual size a collection of essays the first pu

4、blished book in 1597 with 10 essays a much-enlarged second edition in 1612 with 38 essays the third published book in 1625 with 58 essays.II A brief introduction to Ba 2. Major subjects ranging from abstract subjects such as the meaning of truth and the composition of beauty to concrete, practical m

5、atters such as “friendship”, “marriage” and parents and children. 2. Major subjects3. Salient features of Bacons prose style compact and terse: wisdom in thought + extreme brevity formal and tightly organized elegantly phrased. 3. Salient features of BaconsIII A close analysis of Of Marriage and Sin

6、gle Life1. a brief introduction to Of Marriage and Single Life one of Bacons best known essays from the enduring collection, Essays. about rumination on the subject of marriage and single life with all its pros and cons. III A close analysis of Of M2. Discourse analysisBacons point of view: - wives

7、and children, - impediment to great enterprises, or great deeds; - not necessarily a bad thing, - a virtue for both the wife and the children and even for the society; - marriage a good thing on the whole.arguments: presented in the weigh of the pros and cons between marriage and single life.2. Disc

8、ourse analysispros and cons concerning marriagecons: bondage: impediments to great enterprises; bills of charges, an abatement to his s and cons concerning marripros: having greatest care of future times; enjoying professional preference (judges and magistrates, soldiers); a kind of discip

9、line of humanity: loyal, responsible, loving, tender; constant and ethical, chastity; wives as young mens mistresses; companions for middle age, and old mens s:pros and cons concerning single lifepros: The best works, and of greatest merit for the public, proceeded from the unmarried or ch

10、ildless men; much richer, capable of making larger donations to charity; enjoy liberty, no restraint; unmarried men, best friends, best masters, and best s and cons concerning singlcons: selfish: unmarried mens thoughts do end with themselves, and account future impertinences; not always

11、 best citizens, less loyal; a bachelor not fit to be a judge or magistrate, no restraint and no family, flippant and indiscrete in thinking and action; Unmarried men make the vulgar soldier more base; tend to be more cruel and hard-hearted in their conduct.cons:ConclusionMarriage is a good thing: Wi

12、ves are young mens mistresses; companions for middle age; and old mens nurses.Conclusion4. Writing skills Comparison and Contrast: the weigh of pros and cons of marriage and single life:.Yet., .but., .worse than., .more base., yet on the other side,.more cruel and hard-hearted,. etc. Repetition: Nay

13、, there are some other that account wife and children but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men that take a pride in having no children, .4. Writing skills EllipsisWives are young mens mistresses; companions for middle age; and old mens nurses. Ellipsis Aphoristic s

14、tyle: a compact, condensed and epigrammatic style of writing. An aphorism: a short sentence expressing a truth in the fewest possible words. Aphoristic style: a compact,Examples of aphorism He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises,

15、either of virtue or mischief. 夫人之有妻兒也不啻已向命運(yùn)典質(zhì)，從此難 成大事，無論善惡。 Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity. 妻兒對(duì)人確為一種鍛煉。 Wives are young mens mistresses; companions for middle age; and old mens nurses. 妻子者，青年之情婦，中年之伴侶，老年之護(hù)士也。Examples of aphorism He 5. The language in Of Marriage and

16、 Single Life: archaism and Latin: compact and elegant e.g. maketh, hath, raiseth, unto, nay, vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati. etc. 5. The language in Of MarriaIV. A close analysis of Of Studies1. a brief introduction to “Of Studies”: Bacons most famous essay in Essays; examine the benefits and

17、ways of studies;IV. A close analysis of Of St2. Aphoristic style: combining wisdom in thought in extreme brevity “Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them.”有一技之長(zhǎng)鄙讀書，無知者慕讀書，唯明智之士用讀書?！癝ome books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and di

18、gested.”書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。2. Aphoristic style: combiningExercise:Translate the following sentences into Chinese in aphoristic style:1. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.2. “Reading maketh a full

19、man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.”Exercise:Translate the followi3. Discourse Analysis1) (From the beginning to “., won by observation.”) the main purposes of the studies: “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness an

20、d retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.” 讀書足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以長(zhǎng)才。其怡 情也，最見于獨(dú)處幽居之時(shí)；其傅彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長(zhǎng)才也，最見于處世判事之際。3. Discourse Analysis1) (Fro2) (From “ Reading not to contradict.” to “. , to seem to know that he doth not.”) Ways of studies:

21、weigh and consider, ways of reading books: categorized and read according to their content and value to the individual.2) (From “ Reading not to cont3) (From “Histories make men wise, .” to the end ) the benefits of studies:“Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philo

22、sophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.”“.impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies,.”.人之才智但有滯礙，無不可讀適當(dāng)之書使之順暢.“So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”如此頭腦中凡有缺陷，皆有特藥可醫(yī)。3) (From “Histories make men w4. Rhetorical devices parallelism combined with

23、 ellipsis: concise and the key information more prominent. “To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.” 4. Rhetorical devices paralle Analogy. . distilled books are like common dist

24、illed waters, flashy things.” (the “distilled books” as common “distilled waters”)書經(jīng)提煉猶如水經(jīng)蒸餾, 淡而無味矣?！?natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study.”蓋天生才干猶如自然花草，讀書然后知如何修剪移接； Analogy Simile“Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises.” (