英語數(shù)詞的翻譯課件

1、英語數(shù)詞的翻譯由于英漢兩種語言在表達(dá)數(shù)字以及倍數(shù)增減方面存在一定的差別，翻譯時應(yīng)十分小心，稍有不慎，就可能出現(xiàn)錯誤。一、表示“不多不少” 、“恰恰正好”的翻譯策略表示“不多不少” 、“恰恰正好”，英語一般用clear, cool, exactly, flat, sharp, whole等。如：The physician treated cool 30 patients that day.這位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生那天正好看了30個病人。The plane takes off at 8 oclock sharp.這架飛機(jī)8點整起飛。Professor Johnson finished the experime

2、nt in twenty-four hours flat.約翰教授完成這項實驗正好用了24小時。The machine worked for ten whole days.這臺機(jī)器整整運轉(zhuǎn)了10天時間。The wire measures exact twenty meters.這條導(dǎo)線剛好20米長。The volume of the sun is about /some/around/round 1,300,000 times that of the earth.太陽的體積約為地球的130萬倍。It is nearly/toward(s) 4 oclock.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是將近4點了The pric

3、e of this new machine is in the neighborhood of/of the border of a thousand dollars.這臺新機(jī)器的價格約1，000美元。三、表示“高于” 、“多于”的翻譯方法英語常用more than, odd, over, above, long, past, or more, upwards of, higher than, exceed, in excess of等詞修飾數(shù)字，表示“超過” 、“以上” 、“有余” 、“高于” 、“多于”等。Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon wi

4、th the carbon content more than two percent.生鐵是鐵炭合金，其中炭含量超過2Only when a rocket attains a speed of 18,000 odd miles per hour, can it put a man-made satellite into orbit.只要當(dāng)火箭速度達(dá)到每小時18，000多英里時，才能把人造衛(wèi)星送入軌道。Over/above/more than/not less than 100 chemical elements are known to man, of these about 80 are

5、metals.人類已知的化學(xué)元素有100種以上，其中有約80種是金屬。Upwards of seven thousand medical workers and twenty thousand PLA men have left for the earthquake district.有七千多名醫(yī)務(wù)人員和兩萬多名解放軍前往震區(qū)。四、表示“少于” 、“差一些” 、“不到”等的翻譯英語常用less, less than, below, no more than, under, short of, off, to within, as few as等詞修飾數(shù)字，表示“少于” 、“一下” 、“不到”等

6、。It took one month less than three years for them to develop the new material.他們花了三年差一個月研制這種新材料。Helium in the air is a little under 1%.空氣中氦的含量略低于1。The efficiency of the best of these engines is under/below/no more than 40%.這些發(fā)動機(jī)中效率最好的也不到40。They covered full twenty reference sources on fluidics in a

7、single day.僅僅用了一天時間，他們就看完了足足20種有關(guān)射流的資料。The motor ran 450 solid days on end.馬達(dá)連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)了足足450天。The experiment will take three months, at least.實驗至少需要三個月時間。The temperature at the suns center is as high as 10,000,000.太陽中心的溫度高達(dá)攝氏1，000萬度There were no less than 3,000 dead and wounded in the 911 terrorist attac

8、k.在911恐怖襲擊中，死傷者達(dá)3，000多人。六、形容數(shù)目小、數(shù)量少時的翻譯英語中常用only, merely, barely, scarcely, but, at most, no more than, scant等詞修飾數(shù)字，強調(diào)數(shù)目小、數(shù)量少。There is at most only room for one person.至多只可以容納一個人的空間。That solar-energy car weighs only/merely/barely/scarcely/but 500 kg.那輛太陽能汽車重量僅有500公斤。Inspection time for the installat

9、ion was no more than 2 hours.檢驗安裝工作僅用了兩個小時。七、表示兩者或多者范圍數(shù)量的翻譯表示兩者常用fromto, between and (to)來修飾數(shù)字，表示范圍，它們通?？煞g為“從到”、“在之間”等。The energy of the fuel wasted by the reciprocating steam engine is between 80 and/to 85 percent.往復(fù)式蒸汽機(jī)浪費的燃料能量為80到85。The ladle refining time takes on average between 3 and 4 hours d

10、epending on the treatment required.桶內(nèi)精煉時間平均為3至4小時，這要視所需要的處理量而定。Ten thousandOne hundred thousandTen millionOne hundred millionOne billionTen billionOne hundred billionOne trillion一萬十萬一千萬億十億（美語）百億千億萬億美、法、加拿大 billion 10億 1，000，000,000 trillion 萬億，兆1,000,000,000,000（12個0）英、德 billion 萬億 1,000,000,000,000

11、 trillion 百萬兆（1 followed by 18 zeros) = quintillion九、英語中表示倍數(shù)的翻譯英語中表示倍數(shù)的翻譯，有兩點應(yīng)引起注意：一是英漢倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法；二是英漢兩種語言的單位表達(dá)法。Be n times as +形容詞（或副詞）+asThis substance reacts three times as fast as the other.該物質(zhì)的反應(yīng)速度是那種物質(zhì)反應(yīng)速度的3倍.(或:該物質(zhì)的反應(yīng)速度比那種物質(zhì)的反應(yīng)速度快2倍.)Be n times+比較級+thanThis line is two times longer than that one.

12、這條線的長度是那條線長度的2倍.(或:這條線比那條線長1倍.)Be+比較級+than+名詞+by n timesMercury weighs more than water by about 14 times.水銀的重量約為水的14倍.(或:水銀比水重13倍.)Be +比較級+by a factor of nThe error probability of binary AM is greater than binary FM by a factor of at least 6.二進(jìn)制調(diào)幅的誤差概率比二進(jìn)制調(diào)頻至少大5倍.(或:二進(jìn)制調(diào)幅的誤差概率至少是二進(jìn)制調(diào)頻的6倍.)(二)在系動詞或行為

13、動詞后接 “as+形容詞或副詞+again as”或接 “again as+形容詞或副詞+as”這些搭配通?？煞g為是.的兩倍,比多一倍.另外需注意,如果again前再加half,則表示比大(長、寬)半倍.例如:This wire is as long again as that one.這根金屬線的長度是那根的2倍.(或:這根金屬線比那根長1倍.)As many/much again (as)(比)可譯為“多一倍”:Professor Li has books as many again as I do.李教授的書比我的書多一倍.This wire is half again as long

14、 as that one.這根金屬線的長度是那根金屬線的1倍半.(或:這根金屬線比那根金屬線長半倍.)Brown has half as many books again as Peter does.布朗的書比彼得的書多1/2.(三)用帶有“增大”意思的動詞(increase, rise, grow, go up)和下列包含有數(shù)詞n(表示數(shù)字、百分?jǐn)?shù)或倍數(shù))的詞語相配合具體表達(dá)方式有: “動詞+n times”, “動詞+by+times”, “動詞+to+n times”, “動詞+n-fold”, “動詞+by a factor of+n”等,可譯為增加到倍,增加了倍.The sales

15、of industrial electronic products have multiplied six times.工業(yè)電子產(chǎn)品銷售額增加了5倍.The strength of the attraction increases by four times if the distance between the original charges is behalved.如果原電荷的距離縮短一半,則引力就增大到原來的4倍.(或:如果原電荷的距離縮短一半,則引力比原來大3倍.)By 2004 the production of primary copper has increased fivef

16、old.到2004年,原銅產(chǎn)量增長了4倍.The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of 4.漏電壓增加了3倍.(四)用帶有“增大”意思的動詞(increase, rise, grow, go up)連接 “(by)n+單位(或n%),表示凈含量,數(shù)詞可照譯The output went up 45,000 tons.產(chǎn)量增加了45,000噸.The production has increased by 45%.生產(chǎn)已增加了45%.Automation will help us to raise the output of produc

17、tion by thirty percent.自動化能幫助我們提高產(chǎn)量30%.Industrial output rose by 0.9%.6月份產(chǎn)量增長了0.9%.(五)用表示倍數(shù)的動詞表示量的增加DoubleTrebleQuadrupleQuintupleSextupleSeptupleOctuple是的2倍;增加1倍或翻一番是的3倍;增加兩倍或增加到3倍是的4倍;增加3倍或翻兩番是的5倍;增加至5倍或增加了4倍使成6倍使成7倍使成為8倍The new airport will double the capacity of the existing one.新機(jī)場是現(xiàn)有機(jī)場容量的2倍.Th

18、e population has nearly trebled in forty years.人口在40年中已增加了近2倍.The company quadrupled output to around 20 million tons.該公司把產(chǎn)量增至2,000萬噸左右,是原來的4倍.The output has been quintupled since 1998.1988年以來,產(chǎn)量已增長了4倍.(六)英語中用an increase of n或a n increase of表示凈增的數(shù)量,n可照譯The output is an increase of 4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year.鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了450萬噸.There is a 25% increase of steel compared with last year.鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了25%.十、英語中表示減少(倍)數(shù)的翻譯(一)用表示“減少”的動詞(decrease, reduce, fall, lower等)連接“by n或n%”,表示凈減量;用系動詞連接 “n less(than)”表示凈減量,所減數(shù)字均可照譯180 decreased by 90 is 90.180減