職稱英語理工考試試題

1、【經(jīng)典資料，文檔，可編寫改正】【經(jīng)典考試資料，答案附后，看后必過，文檔，可改正】2015年職稱英語理工A考試一試題第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第115題，每題1分，共15分）下邊共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后邊所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與畫線部分意義最鄰近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)上。Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDacceptedHetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.Itisnous

2、edebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpectingOurstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.AwasteBbuyCuseDsellThefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolumeOurlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDcloselyHerfaith

3、upheldherintimesofsadness.AsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected8.Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountryshistory.AcleanBperfectCrealDbriefItislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed10.Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2oclock.Abe

4、ganBcontinuedCendedDresumed11.Redflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.AsignBsubstituteCproofDtargetHoweverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangryIthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.AlimitBcontrolCreplace

5、DoffsetThesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally第2部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分）閱讀下邊這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)依據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。假如該句供給的是正確信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A

6、涂黑；假如該句供給的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；假如該句的信息文章中沒有說起，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。ADolphinandanAstronomerOnedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwasvisitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Saganwasstandingontheedgeofoneofthetankswheres

7、everalofthesefriendly,highlyintelligentcreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehimandhadturnedonhisback.ThedolphinwantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ElvarlookedupatSagan,waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterandmadeasoundjustliketheword

8、“more”.Theastonishedastronomerwenttothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.neofOthe,yeswords.Thathesoknows,thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatall.Dolphinshavebiggerbraininproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethattheycanmakeanumberofsounds.Whatismore,these

9、soundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofdanger.Soundtravelsmuchfasterandmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwithsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinthaninhumans.ButcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavealanguagtherealsenseofthewordScientistsdontagreeonthis.Al

10、anguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.Alanguagehasastructureandexample,thetwoquestions“WholovesMary”and“WhodoesMarylove”meanverydiffethings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesntcointhequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.Thatiswhythequestion“Candolspeak”cantbeanswer

11、eduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminagrammaticalorderwhichaffectstheirmeaning.16Theastronomerwasnotinterestedinthewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17ThedolphinleaptupintotheairbecauseSaganwastoonearthewater.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Partsofthed

12、olphinsbrainareparticularlywelldevelopedtohandledifferentkindsofsound.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19Dolphinsarethemostusefulanimalstohumans.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Dolphinstravelfasterinwaterthananyotheranimals.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21Somescientistsbelievethatdolphinshavealanguageoftheirown.ARigh

13、tBWrongCNotmentioned22Soundscanbecalledalanguageonlywhentheyhaveastructureandagrammar.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：歸納粗心與達(dá)成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分）閱讀下邊這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2、3、5和6段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別達(dá)成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)上。TheWeightExperimentNicolaWaltershasbeenta

14、kingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandlostweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalledaout.calorimeter)isonewayto（find熱量丈量室1Thesighsabovethetworoomsreadsimply“ChamberOne”and“ChamberTwo”arethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidethese

15、roomsanothersignreads“Please-workdoinotprogrenterss”andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.2NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,havespen

16、tvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholearea

17、ofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.3TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenext8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereat

18、ing,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysis.4Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom.“Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,”saysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled()forhalfa

19、nhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidntgotoofast.5Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-

20、proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.AWhatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinsideBWhatprogramwasdesignedfortheexperimentCWhatisacalorimeterDWhatisthefirstimpressionEHowdothevolunteerskillthetimeFWhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments23Paragraph1_24Paragraph1_25Paragr

21、aph1_26Paragraph1_27Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything_.28NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments_.29Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter_.30Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_.AthevolunteersdoBbecauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblemCbecausethelifetherecanbeveryboringDma

22、kepeopleovereatEbecauseshewasherownbossFafterpassingahigh-proteintest第4部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分）下邊有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后邊有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)依據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最正確答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)上。第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.

23、Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversitysSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiolo

24、gicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares(公頃)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(阻礙生長(zhǎng)tropics,mangroves(紅樹林)thatcreateswamps(沼

25、澤)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(浸透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸發(fā))bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsth

26、emfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplantsstartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,buti

27、twilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfood

28、inthepoorercountriesoftheworld.31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrueATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.BTheyarericebreeders.CTheyarehusbandandwifeDTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogrammeAtofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.Btoidentifygene

29、sthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassageANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.DE

30、vaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedbyA“influence”B“effect”C“stop”D“present”35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectispositivenegative.suspiciousindifferent.第二篇LivingwithComputerAftertoolongontheNet,evenaphonecallcanbeashock.MyboyfriendsLiverpud

31、iasuddenlybecomeshardtounderstandaftertheclarityofhiswordsonscreen;asecretaryseemsmorerejectingthanIdimagineditwouldbe.Timeitselfbecomesfluidhoursbecomeminutes,andalternatelysecondsstretchintodays.Weekends,onceahighlightofmyweek,arenowjusttwoordinarydays.Forthelastthreeyears,sinceIstoppedworkingasap

32、roducerforCharlieRose,Ihavedonemuchofmyworkasatele-commuter(遠(yuǎn)程談話者).IsubmitarticlesandeditthemviaE-mailandcommunicatewithcolleaguesonInternetmailinglists.MyboyfriendslivesinEngland,somuchofourrelationshipiscomputer-mediated.IfIdesired,Icouldstayinsideforweekswithoutwantinganything.Icanorderfood,andma

33、nagemymoney,loveandwork.Infact,attimesIhavespentaslongasthreeweeksaloneathome,goingoutonlytogetmailandbuynewspapersandgroceries.Iwatchedmostoftheblizzard(狂風(fēng)雪)of96on.TVButafterawhile,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.IstarttofeelasthoughImachines,takingdatain,spittingthembackout,justanothernode(節(jié)點(diǎn))ontheNe

34、t.Othersonlineopponentsworstnightmare.Whatfirstseemedlikealuxury,crawlingfrombedtocomputer,notworryingabouthair,andclothesandface,hasbecomeanavoidance,alackofdiscipline.Andonceyoustartreplacingrealhumancontactwithcyber-interaction(網(wǎng)上溝通),comingbackoutofthecavecanbequitedifficult.Attimes,Iturnonthetel

35、evisionandjustleaveittochatterinthebackground,somethingthatIdneverdonepreviously.Thevoicesoftheprogramssoothe(寬慰)me,butthenI不快)bythecommercials.Ifindmyselfsuckedinbysoapoperas,orcompulsively(強(qiáng)迫性地)needingtokeepupwiththelatestnewsandtheweather.“Dateline,”“Frontline,”“Nigeverypossibleangleofeverystoryo

36、verandoverandover,evenwhentheyareofnopossibleusetome.Workmoversfromforegroundtobackground.36Comparedwiththeclearwordsofherboyfriendonscreen,hisaccentisobscure.distinct.unreal.misleading.37ThepassageimpliesthatthewriterandherboyfriendliveinEngland.differentcountries.thesamecity.thesamecountry.38Livin

37、galoneinahouse,thewriterseemstoAhavetotallyforgottenherwork.Bbeafraidofherneighbors.CgetsomecomfortfromTVprograms.Dhavegonecrazy.39WelearnfromthepassagethatthewriterAisfedupwiththeNetopponents.Bpreferspeopletothecomputer.Cisaddictedtothecomputer.Ddoesnotlikehumancontact.40Thephrase“comingbackoutofth

38、ecave”inthefifthparagraphmeansA“comingbackhome”.B“givingupthepresentjob”.C“l(fā)ivingaluxuriouslife”.D“restoringrealhumancontact”.第三篇TheBodyClockWhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYorkTheanswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnolog

39、y.Deepinsidethebrainthereisaclockthatgovernseveryaspectofthebodysleepandwakecycles,levelsofalertness,performance,mood,hormonelevels,digestion,bodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctionsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.Thebodyclockprogrammesustobesleepytwiceaday,between3-5amanda

40、gainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapareallculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravellersmaladyknownasjetlagis-alignmentthenonofapersonsinternalbodyclockwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclock,whichthenhastoa

41、djusttothenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplex,notallinternalbodyfunctionsadjustatthesamerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatonerate,whileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yourdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.Thoughweliveina24-hourday,thenaturalten

42、dencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontrarytoourbiologicalprogrammingtoshrinkourday.Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilotsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwar

43、dflights.Whenflyingwest,youareextendingyourday,thustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Flyingeastwardwillinvolveshrinkingorreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclocksnaturaltendency.Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreaso

44、nsforthis:changingtimezonesandschedules,changinglightandactivitylevels,tryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobeawake,disruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplane,supposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyourdestinationsschedu

45、leassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjusttoanewtimezone.So,ourbodyclocktrulycangovernus.41TheroleofthebodyclockistoAenableustosleep6hoursaday.Bhelpusadapttoa24-hourcycle.Cregulatethebodysfunctions.Dinterferewiththebodysfunctions.42Theword“malady”inParagraph4i

46、sclosestinmeaningtoA“condition”.B“discomfort”.C“injury”.D“excitement”.43FlyinginawestwarddirectionwillAhelpyousleepbetter.Bincreasethedegreeofjetlag.Cshrinkyourday.Dmakeyouovereat.44WhichofthefollowinginNOTmentionedasareasonforthedisruptedsleepoftravelersACrossingdifferenttimezones.BChanginglightand

47、activitylevels.CWorkinglongerhours.DWatchingoutoftheplaneforalongtime.45ItcanbeseenfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatAyoucancontrolyourownbodyclock.Bitisnotdifficulttoadjusttoanewtimezone.Cadjustingyourwatchcanhelpyouaavoidjetlag.Dthereisntmuchyoucandotoavoidjetlag.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第4650題，每題2分，共10分）閱讀下邊的短文，文章中有5

48、處空白，文章后邊有6組文字，請(qǐng)依據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有地點(diǎn)，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)上。RuiningtheRuinsAcidrain(酸雨)isnowafamiliarproblemintheindustrializedcountriesinEurope.Harmfulgasesareproducedbypowerstationsandcars.Theydissolveinrainwaterandthismakesacidrain,whichdamagestrees,riversandstreams.Acidrainisalsocapableofd

49、issolvingsomerocks.Andbuildingsmadeofsoftrock,suchaslimestone(石灰石),areparticularlybadlyaffected.Theacidrainattackstherock,andsocarvingsandstatuesareeroded(受腐化)morequickly._(46)AccordingtoareportintheNewScientist,acidrainisbeingblamedfortherapiddecayofancientruinsinMexico.Theoldlimestonebuildingsinpl

50、aceslikeChichenItza,TulumandPalenquearewearingawayveryquicklyindeed.ThesesitesaretheremainsofthebuildingsbuiltbytheMayasbetween250BCandAD900,andthespectacularruinsofMayancivilizationarevisitedbythousandsoftouristseveryyear.Butthoseruinsareindangerofbeingseriouslydamagedbypollution.Atmanysitestheston

51、ehasbeencoveredwithalayerofblacksubstance._(47).Scientistsestimatethataboutonemillimeterofstoneiswornawayeverytwelveyears._(48)TheacidrainissaidtobecausedbypollutionfromoilwellsintheGulfofMexico.Carexhaustgasesarealsoaproblem.Localvolcaniceruptionsmaketheproblemevenworse.Nevertheless,withenoughmoney

52、andeffort,researcherssaythatmanyoftheproblemscouldbesolvedandtherateoferosionreduced._(49).Mexicoscurrentlackoffundsisalsopartlyduetooil.Thecountryhasrichoilfieldsandafewyearsago,whenoilwasexpensive,MexicowassellinglargequantitiesofoiltotheUSAandearningalotofmoney._(50)However,thepriceofoilthendropp

53、ed,andMexicohasbeenleftowingenormoussumsofmoneyandwithnotenoughincomefromoilsalestopaybacktheloans.Sounlessthepriceofoilrises,itisunlikelythatMexicowillbeabletoaffordtocleanupthepollutionandsaveitsMayanruinsfromdestruction.AAtothersthepaintedsurfacesinsidetemplesareliftingandflakingoff()andthestonei

54、sbeingeatenaway.BThatisenoughtohavecausedsomeoftheancientcarvingstobecomeseriouslydamagedalready.CThesemeasureswouldreducethepollution,butwouldnotstopitcompletely.DThegovernmentwasthereforeabletoborrowhugesumsofmoneyfrombanksaroundtheworld,thinkingtheywouldhavenoproblemrepayingtheirdebts.ETheproblem

55、,however,isnotjustaEuropeanone.FHowever,theMexicangovernmentdoesnothaveenoughmoneytodothework,andneedstospendwhatmoneyithasontheMexicanpeople.第6部分：完形填空（第5165題，每題1分，共15分）閱讀下邊的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)依據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)上。ScienceandTruth“FINAGLE”()isnotawordthatmostpeopleassociatewithscience.Onereasonisthattheimageofthescientistisofonewhoalways_(51)datainanimpartial()searchfortruth.Inanydebate-_(52)intelligence,schooling,energythephrase“sciencesays”usuallydisarmsopposition.Butscientistshavelongacknowledgedtheexistenceofa“afinagletendncyfactorby”manyscientiststogiveahelpfulchanget