研究生寫(xiě)作 摘要部分 Abstract課件

1、Abstract Han FangDec. 23, 2013What is AbstractA statement summarizing the important points of a text.Short account of the contents of a paper.Abstract and SummarySummaryOne-third or one-fourth of the originalThe purpose-to provide a restatement of the originalThe content-main points of the originalA

2、n independent partAbstractSix or eight linesThe purpose-to introduce the paperThe contentAn independent partThe content of abstractAbstracts can be divided into descriptive abstracts and informative abstractsA descriptive abstract merely describes what the paper is about.An informative abstract intr

3、oduces important information about the purpose, method, result /conclusion and recommendation.How to write an abstract摘要中應(yīng)排除本學(xué)科領(lǐng)域已成為常識(shí)的內(nèi)容；切忌把應(yīng)在引言中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容寫(xiě)入摘要；一般也不要對(duì)論文內(nèi)容作詮釋和評(píng)論(尤其是自我評(píng)價(jià))。不得簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)題名中已有的信息。結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)明，語(yǔ)義確切。摘要先寫(xiě)什么，后寫(xiě)什么，要按邏輯順序來(lái)安排。句子之間要上下連貫，互相呼應(yīng)。摘要慎用長(zhǎng)句，句型應(yīng)力求簡(jiǎn)單。用第三人稱(chēng)。要使用規(guī)范化的名詞術(shù)語(yǔ)，不用非公知公用的符號(hào)和術(shù)語(yǔ)。新術(shù)語(yǔ)或

4、尚無(wú)合適漢文術(shù)語(yǔ)的，可用原文或譯出后加括號(hào)注明原文。除了實(shí)在無(wú)法變通以外，一般不用數(shù)學(xué)公式和化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)式，不出現(xiàn)插圖、表格。不用引文，除非該文獻(xiàn)證實(shí)或否定了他人已出版的著作。縮略語(yǔ)、略稱(chēng)、代號(hào)，除了相鄰專(zhuān)業(yè)的讀者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出現(xiàn)時(shí)必須加以說(shuō)明。科技論文寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)注意的其他事項(xiàng)，如采用法定計(jì)量單位、正確使用語(yǔ)言文字和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等，也同樣適用于摘要的編寫(xiě)。Useful expressionsThe aim(or object, purpose) of this paper(or note) is to prove (show, present, develop, generalize, i

5、nvestigate)It is the purpose of this paper to prove(show, present, develop, generalize, investigate)This paper is concerned withThis paper deals withIn this paper we proveIn this paper we presentIn this paper we propose to showUseful expressionsThe problemwas first treated byand laterimproved by. Th

6、e purpose of this paper is to prove that it holds in a more general case. first raised the problem which was later partly solved by . We now solve this problem in the case of The purpose of this paper is to generalize the results obtained by to a more general case, i. e. , In this paper we shall pro

7、ve several theorems which are generalizations to the results given by This paper intends to remove some unnecessary assumptions from the paper onThis paper deals with generalizations of the following problemThis paper improves the result of onby English title題名的結(jié)構(gòu)。英文題名以短語(yǔ)為主要形式，尤以名詞短語(yǔ)(noun phrase)最常見(jiàn)，即題名基本上由1個(gè)或幾個(gè)名詞加上其前置和(或)后置定語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。短語(yǔ)型題名要確定好中心詞，再進(jìn)行前后修飾。各個(gè)詞的順序很重要，詞序不當(dāng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)。題名一般不應(yīng)是陳述句。少數(shù)情況(評(píng)述性、綜述性和駁斥性)下可以用疑問(wèn)句做題名。題名的字?jǐn)?shù)。題名不應(yīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)。總的原則是，題名應(yīng)確切、簡(jiǎn)練、醒目，在能準(zhǔn)確反映論文特定內(nèi)容的前提下，題名詞數(shù)越少越好。中英文題名的一致性。題名中的冠詞。題名中的大小寫(xiě)。題名字母的大