跨文化交際案例分析(共7個(gè))

1、跨文化交際學(xué)概論第七章社會(huì)交往五、宴請招待p132CaseOne:SettingRulesforaGuestAmericanHospitality案例：WhenZhangTaotraveledinAmerica,helivedinthehomeofhisAmericanfriend,Bill.Onceafterhehadtraveledback,hefoundBillwasinabadmood.Whenheaskedwhattheproblemwas,BilltoldZhangTaothathissonAdamgotfuriousaboutthenoiseZhangmadewhenwalkin

2、gupstairsandalsobecausehewasusingtoomuchwaterinthesolarpoweredshowerandAdamhadtohavehisshowerincoldwater.BilltoldZhangTaothatheshouldwalkmoresoftlyinfuture,andhaveafastshowertosavewater.ZhangTaofeltuneasy.Howcouldthehostsetsuchrulesforhisguest!Question:WhydidZhangTaofeeluneasy?分析：InChina,whenpeopleh

3、ostsomeone,theyputtheguestintheplaceofhonortoshowhospitality.Theytrytotakecareoftheguest，andtrytomaketheguestfeelcomfortableandatease.InAmerica,peopletendtogivetheguestgreatfreedomandtreataguestmorecasually,naturallyandtruthfully.ZhangTaoknewhewasaguest,andthoughtintermsofChineseexpectationsofhospit

4、ality.HethoughtBillshouldtreathimcourteouslyinsteadofsettingrulesforhim.SinceZhangTaolivedinAmericansurroundings,heshouldhaveknownaboutthecustomstheresooner.CaseTwo:案例：Linhadtraveled20hoursfromBeijingtoNewYork.Heneededagoodmeal.HisAmericanfriend,Mike,methim.ButMikeonlyofferedhimaplateofroastedchicke

5、nandaglassoforangejuice.Linwasusedtohavingamaincourse,andaskedMikeifhehadanyrice.Mikesaidheonlyhadfriednoodles,andLinhadtomakedowithit.ThoughLinknewAmericansdidntcareverymuchaboutwhatfoodtheyate,hestillfeltsurprisedbecausehehadtakenMiketothemostfamousduckrestaurantinBeijing-Quanjude-whenhearrivedinB

6、eijing.Question:WhydidLinfeelsurprised?OffersomeadvicetohimaboutadjustingtohisnewenvironmentinAmerica.分析：0nthetopicofhospitality,theChinesestressonwarmthanddemonstratingfriendship.Theytaketheguesttoafamousorluxuriousrestauranttohaveaverygood(expensive)mealtoshowtheirhospitality.AndtheChineseareusedt

7、ohavingabigmeal.Themoredishestheyputout，thegreaterthewarmthandfriendshiptheyshow.Inwesterncountries,peoplestressonfreedom.Theygivetheguestgreatfreedomtochoosetheirownfoods.Andwesternerstendtohaveonlyonemaincourseandsomejuiceordesser，twhichisviewedascasualintheeyesoftheChinese.LinlivedinAmericansurro

8、undingsandshouldhaveadjustedhimselfquicklytothenewworld(lifestyle).Heshouldhaveknownthecustomtherefirst,andfeltmoreateaseinMike.shomeCaseThree:EqualityorHospitalityforTableManners案例：LinHuahasaccompaniedanAmericandelegationtovisitChina.TheyhaveexperiencedthehospitalityoftheChinesepeople.Afterreturnin

9、gtoAmerica,Linhuaoncevisitedthem.Theyweresogladtomeetagain.Linhuaofferedtohostthemeal,buttheyrefused.Theyorderedtheirowndish,andLinhuaorderedherown.Whenfootingthebill,theyonlypaidtheirpart，andnoonewantedtopayforLinhua.Linhuafoundthemsoinhospitable,thoughsheknewtheAmericanswouldusuallypayfortheirownf

10、ood.Question:WhydidLinhuafindtheminhospitable?分析：InChina,toshowhospitality,peopletendtohostthemeal.Andiftheycannotdothis,theyatleastwillstruggletopayfortheguest.InAmerica,peopletendtopayforthemselvestoshowequalityandindependence.3)Linhuaknowsthiscustom,butfromaChinesepointofview,shestillfindsthishar

11、dtoaccept,andfeelsitalittleinhospitable.CaseFour:案例：IhaveanAmericanfriend.Ihaveinvitedhimseveraltimes,andatlonglastheinvitedmetohishomeoneday.Hetoldmetogetthereat3pm.Ithoughtwecouldchatandhaveamealtogether.IgavehimaChinesecalendara,womansscarfandabottleofChinesewhitewine.Heonlytookoutadishofnuts,apl

12、ateofbreadandabottleofwine.AftertwohourschaIt,foundtherewasnohintofamealandsaidgood-byetohim.HeonlygavemeaboxofchocolateasapresentfortheNewYear.AfterIgothome,Ifoundtheboxalreadybeenopened.Iwasverysurprised,Question:Whatsurprisedme?分析：InChina,avisittohomealwaysincludesameal.Andtheguestalwaysbringsare

13、lativelyexpensivepresenttothehost.Andthepresentshouldbewellwrappedoruntouched.Inthewest,avisittohomeonlymeansameeting,notnecessarilyincludingameal.AndthepresentistreatednotasimportantlyasitisinChina.IactedinawaythatwasbasedonChinesecustoms,soIfelttheAmericanwaywasveryinteresting(unusual).CaseFive:Wa

14、yofEntertainingGuestsinChinaDrinkmoreandmore案例：Tom,anAmerican,wenttoaChinesehomeforthefirsttime.Hewasofferedsometea.Justwhenthefirstcupwasabouttofinish,moreteawasadded.Hedrankthesecondcup.Thenthecupwasfilledthethirdtime.Thenhedrankit,then?untilhewasquitefull.Tomwastotallyconfusedbythewayofentertaini

15、ng.Question:WhywasTomtotallyconfused?分析：TraditionalChinesecustomrequiresthatduringthecourseofentertaining,thehosthastoalwayspourmorewineorteatotheguesstglassorcup,andalwaysaddsmorefoodtotheguestsplateorbowlwithoutaskingwhetheritswanted.Chineseguestsknowhowtorespondtothistypeofhospitality.Theysimplyl

16、eavethewine,tea,orfoodinthecontainerandstophavinganymore.ButTom,theAmericanguestinthecasedidntknowthis.Hefollowedthepolitenessruleofhisculture:itsnotgoodmannerstoleavefoodinonesownplateatadinnertable.Therefore,withoutanyknowledgeofthedifferencesbetweenthetwocultures,anAmericanguestwouldverylikelysuf

17、ferfromeitherdrinkingoreatingtoomuchinsuchasituation.CaseSixAsaforeignstudentattheUniversityofWisconsininMadison,KeikoIhara(Japanese)wasonastrictbudget.Shehadallhertuitionandbookspaidforbyscholarshipsandgrantsanduntilrecentlywascomfortablyhousedinthedormitory.Wantingtoliveinthecommunityratherthanint

18、hedormitory,shefoundasmallapartmenttosharewithafriend.Hercollegefriends,knowingofhersituation,offeredtoroundupsomeofthenecessaryitemsforapartmentliving.Keikopolitelydeclined,sayingshecouldmanage.Wantingtohelpoutherfriendsfoundsomeoldbutstillusablehouseholdappliancesandfurniture.Maryhadanolddeskthatw

19、asinhergarage.Edhadsomechairsfromhisuncle,andJoeandMarionhadafewextradishes.Theycheerfullybroughtthemoveroneday.Keikoseemedveryembarrassed,butgracefullyacceptedthem,sincerelyandprofuselythankedthem.ThefollowingweektheywereeachpresentedwithagiftfromKeiko.Marygotanornatejewelrybox,Edavolumeofwoodcutsb

20、yafamousJapaneseartist,andJoeandMarionabeautifulJapanesevase,allofwhichwereofconsiderableworthandvalue,muchmorethantheoldthingstheyhaddonatedtoher.Theyallprotestedthatshecouldnotaffordtogivesuchelaborategifts;theyreallyexpectednothingasthehouseholditemswerenotreallybeingusedandtheywouldratherhaveher

21、usethem.Keiko,however,insistedthattheytakethegifts.Intheend,theyacceptedthegifts,althoughtheyallfeltuncomfortableastheyknewshewasreallysacrificingtogivethem.Questions:WhatdoyouthinkofKeikoinsistingongivingvaluablegiftstohercollegefriends?WhydidKeikosfriendsfeelveryuncomfortablewhentheyreceivedvaluab

22、legiftsinreturn?分析：Keikoinsistsongivingvaluablegiftstohercollegefriends,becauseincountrieslikeJapan,exchanginggiftsisastronglyrootedsocialtradition.Shouldyoureceiveagift,anddonthaveonetoofferinreturn,youwillprobablycreateacrisis.Ifnotasseriousasacrisis,onewhodoesntofferagiftinreturnmaybeconsideredru

23、deorimpolite.Therefore,inJapan,giftsareasymbolicwaytoshowappreciation,respect,gratitudeandfurtherrelationship.KeikoobviouslyhastakenthoseuseditemsfromMary,EdandMarionasgifts,forsheprobablydoesntknowthatAmericansfrequentlydonatetheirusedhouseholditemstochurchortothecommunity.Mary,EdandMarionwouldneverconsiderthoseusedhouseholditemsgiventoKeikoasgifts.Nowondertheyfeltveryuncomfortablewhentheyreceivedvaluablegiftsinreturn.CaseSevenSelma,whoisf