地理英語(yǔ)詞匯市公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、漢字英文地理學(xué)統(tǒng)一地理學(xué)普通地理學(xué)系統(tǒng)地理學(xué)區(qū)域地理學(xué)理論地理學(xué)應(yīng)用地理學(xué)元地理學(xué)地文學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)古地理學(xué)地理學(xué)體系地理環(huán)境geographyunified geographygeneral geographysystematic geographyregional geographytheoretical geographyapplied geographymetageographyphysiographychorographypaleogeogpraphygeographical systemgeographical environment01 地 理 學(xué) 總 論第1頁(yè)漢字英文地理因子地理過(guò)程

2、地理分布地理界限地理綜合地理考查綜合考查區(qū)域分析區(qū)域分異生存空間生存承載能力環(huán)境決定論災(zāi)變論地球地球表面geographical factorsgeographical processgeographical distributiongeographical boundarygeographical synthesisgeographical surveyintegrated surveyregional analysisregional differentiationliving spacelife-carrying capacityenvironmental determinismcata

3、strophe theoryearthearth surface第2頁(yè)漢字英文地球表層地理系統(tǒng)地理圈景觀圈巖石圈水圈大氣圈土壤圈生物圈地圈智能圈技術(shù)圈北半球南半球地球體epigeospheregeosystemgeographical spherelandscape spherelithospherehydrosphereatmospherepedospherebiospheregeospherenoonspheretechnospherenorthern hemispheresouthern hemispheregeoid第3頁(yè)漢字英文地理緯度地理經(jīng)度北極南極極圈北回歸線南回歸線赤道時(shí)區(qū)日界

4、限極晝極夜洲大陸洋latitudelongitudeNorth PoleSouth PoleArctic CircleTropic of CancerTropic of Capricornequatortime zonedate linepolar daypolar nightcontinentoceansea第4頁(yè)漢字英文內(nèi)陸地理單元區(qū)劃帶地帶區(qū)域地域小區(qū)inlandgeographical unitregionalizationbeltzoneregionareadistrict第5頁(yè)漢字英文自然地理學(xué)綜合自然地理學(xué)普通自然地理學(xué)自然綜合體地域自然綜合體自然地理過(guò)程自然生產(chǎn)潛力進(jìn)展原因殘留

5、原因三維地帶性水平地帶垂直地帶地帶性physical geographyintegrated physical geographygeneral physical geographynatural complexterritorial natural complexphysical geographic processnatural potential productivityprogressive factorrelic factorthree dimension zonalityhorizontal zonevertical zonezonality02 自 然 地 理學(xué)第6頁(yè)漢字英文非地

6、帶性水平地帶性垂直地帶性地方性坡向陽(yáng)坡陰坡山體效應(yīng)綜合自然區(qū)劃雪帶亞雪帶高山亞高山山地azonalityhorizontal zonalityvertical zonalitylocalityexposureadret, sunny slopeubac, shady slopeMassenerhebungseffekt(德） ,integrated physicogeographicalregionalizationnival beltsubnival beltalpinesubalpinemountains第7頁(yè)漢字英文荒漠荒漠化沙漠巖漠礫漠泥漠鹽漠戈壁綠洲景觀學(xué)景觀相自然景觀土地deser

7、tdesertificationsandy desertrocky desertgravel desertargillaceous desertsalt desertgobioasislandscape sciencelandscapefaciesnatural landscapeland第8頁(yè)漢字英文土地系統(tǒng)土地分類土地類型土地單元土地要素土地刻面刻面聯(lián)合體土地屬性生態(tài)地理學(xué)地生態(tài)學(xué)景觀生態(tài)學(xué)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)平衡生態(tài)區(qū)域生態(tài)小區(qū)land systemland classificationland type land unitland elementland facetfacet combinat

8、ionterrain characteristicsecogeographygeoecologylandscape ecologyecosystemecological balanceecoregionecodistict第9頁(yè)漢字英文生態(tài)地段生態(tài)區(qū)生態(tài)點(diǎn)自然資源可再生資源非可再生資源災(zāi)害地理學(xué)自然災(zāi)害ecosectionecotopeecositenatural resourcesrenewable resourcesnonrenewable resourceshazard geographynatural hazard第10頁(yè)漢字英文地貌學(xué)地貌地貌年代學(xué)地貌成因地貌形成作用氣候地貌學(xué)動(dòng)力地

9、貌學(xué)地貌量計(jì)學(xué)人工地貌平原低地高地丘陵geomorphologylandformgeomorphochronologygeomorphogenesis, landform genesislandform forming processclimatic geomorphologydynamic geomorphologygeomorphometryanthropogenic landformsplainlowlandhighlandhill 03 地 貌 學(xué)第11頁(yè)漢字英文山山脈嶺峰山麓半島島嶼群島海峽地峽海拔（高度）相對(duì)高度山嘴盆地山間盆地mountainmountain range, mou

10、ntain chainrange, ridgepeak, mountpiedmontpeninsulaislandarchipelagostraitisthmusaltitude, height above sea levelrelative heightmountain spurbasinintermountain basin第12頁(yè)漢字英文山間盆地山峰崖山麓平原高原峽谷谷溝谷沖溝山形山志階地臺(tái)地洼地坡地intermountain basinmountain peakcliff, scarppiedmont plainplateaugorge, canyonvalleyravinegully

11、mountain formsorographyterracetableland, platformdepressionslope第13頁(yè)漢字英文坡度基巖地貌過(guò)程侵蝕作用雨滴侵蝕剝蝕作用刻蝕溶蝕沖刷片蝕溯源侵蝕下切侵蝕側(cè)向侵slope, gradientbedrockgeomorphological processerosionraindrop erosiondenudationcorrasioncorrosionwash, erosionsheet erosionheadward erosiondowncutting, incision, vertical erosionlateral ero

12、sion第14頁(yè)漢字英文掏蝕侵蝕基準(zhǔn)面總侵蝕基準(zhǔn)面局部侵蝕基準(zhǔn)面裂點(diǎn)沉積作用堆積作用堆積物加積作用沉積相地貌世代地貌序列地形基面地貌組合正地貌undercuttingbase level of erosiongeneral base levellocal base levelknick pointsedimentation, depositiondeposition, accumulationdepositaggradationsedimentary faciesgeneration of landformslandforms seriesbase levellandform assembla

13、gepositive landform第15頁(yè)漢字英文負(fù)地貌正常地貌倒置地貌地貌倒置刻蝕地貌夷平作用夷平面準(zhǔn)平面剝蝕面山麓侵蝕面山麓侵蝕平面山頂面侵蝕循環(huán)回春作用negative landformnormal landforminverted landforminversion of landformerosional landformplanation surfacepeneplaindenudation sufaceerosion surfacepedimentpediplainsummit planeerosion cyclerejuvenation第16頁(yè)漢字英文相關(guān)沉積地殼均衡新結(jié)構(gòu)

14、運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)地貌學(xué)丹霞地貌結(jié)構(gòu)高原結(jié)構(gòu)階地單面山方山豬背脊線形現(xiàn)象斷層崖斷層線崖斷層三角面correlated sedimentsisostasyneotectonic movementstructural geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology“Danxia” landformstructural plateaustructural terracecuesta(西）mesahogback ridgelineamentfault scarpfault-line scarptriangular facet第17頁(yè)漢字英文斷層谷斷塊山火山火山作用風(fēng)化作用物理風(fēng)化作用

15、化學(xué)風(fēng)化作用生物風(fēng)化作用機(jī)械風(fēng)化作用差異風(fēng)化作用風(fēng)化層殘積土殘積物殘積層風(fēng)化殼triangular facetfault valleyblock mountainvolcanoweatheringphysical weatheringchemical weatheringbiological weatheringmechanical weatheringdifferential weatheringregolithresidual soileluviumeluviumweathered crust第18頁(yè)漢字英文正殘積風(fēng)化殼碎屑型風(fēng)化殼硅鋁粘土型風(fēng)化殼硅鋁碳酸鹽型風(fēng)化殼硅鋁氧化物硫酸鹽風(fēng)化殼硅

16、鋁鐵質(zhì)和富鋁型風(fēng)化殼剝落頁(yè)狀剝落塊狀崩落結(jié)殼作用塊狀崩落結(jié)殼作用鹽屑堆鹽屑錐orthoeluvial weathered crustclastic weathered crustsiallite-clay weathered crustsiallite-carbonate weathered crustsiallite-chloride-sulphate wea-thered crustsiallite-ferrite and allite wea-thered crustexfoliation, desquamationexfoliationcrumblingincrustationcrum

17、blingincrustationtalustalus cone第19頁(yè)漢字英文山麓堆積坡積物坡水堆積物土體蠕動(dòng)滑塌滑坡泥石流泥流巖崩流水地貌學(xué)流水地貌沖積物沖積層沖積錐沖積扇talusslope depositdeluviumsoil creepcollapselandslide, landslipdebris flowmudflowrock fallfluvial geomorphologyfluvial landformalluvium，alluvial depositalluviumalluvial conealluvial fan第20頁(yè)漢字英文洪積物洪積層洪積扇河床河漫灘匯水區(qū)流域

18、分水嶺辮狀河曲流天然堤濱河床沙壩凸岸壩牛軛湖離堆山proluvium，proluvial depositproluviumproluvial fanriver bedfloodplaincatchment areadrainage area，basinwaterdivide，divide，watershedbraided streammeandernatural leveechannel bar，sand barpoint barox-bow lakemeander core，meander spur第21頁(yè)漢字英文河流階地河流襲奪河流錯(cuò)位河流偏移風(fēng)口縱谷橫谷風(fēng)蝕吹蝕沙丘新月形沙丘流動(dòng)沙丘固定

19、沙丘半固定沙丘縱向沙丘river terraceriver captureriver offsetriver deflectionwind gaplongitudinal valleytransverse valleywind erosiondeflationsand dunecrescent dunemobile dune，wandering dunefixed dunesemifixied dunelongitudinal dune第22頁(yè)漢字英文橫向沙丘拋物線沙丘蜂窩狀沙丘沙垅風(fēng)棱石風(fēng)蝕脊沙暴風(fēng)蝕坑風(fēng)蝕洼地干鹽湖基巖扇島山漠漆巖漆漠蓋層transverse duneparabolic d

20、unehoneycomb dunessand ridgewind-faceted stones，ventifactyardangsandstormblowout pitdeflation hollowplayarock faninselbergdesert varnishrock varnishdesert pavement第23頁(yè)漢字英文黃土黃土地貌黃土塬黃土梁黃土峁劣地咯斯特咯斯特地貌學(xué)咯斯特地貌咯斯特化溶斗溶蝕谷溶蝕盆落水洞溶溝loessloess landform“yuan”，loess tableland“l(fā)iang”，loess ridge“mao”，loess hillbadla

21、nd karstkarst geomorphologykarst landformkarstificationdolinepoljeuvalasinkholekarren第24頁(yè)漢字英文干谷豎井潛蝕作用洞穴堆積咯斯特平原峰林石林洞穴學(xué)假咯斯特類咯斯特泉華沉積石灰華海岸濱海岸地貌學(xué)dry valleyshaft underground erosioncave depositkarst plainpeak foreststone pinaclesspeleologypseudokarstparakarstsinter depositiontufasea coastshorecoastal geom

22、orphology第25頁(yè)漢字英文海蝕作用海蝕龕海蝕洞海蝕臺(tái)海蝕崖海蝕柱岬角巖灘潮灘潮汐通道潮溝舄湖三角洲河口灣海灘marine erosionwave-cut notchsea caveabrasion platformsea cliffsea stackcapebenchtidal flattidal channel， tidal inlettidal creeklagoondeltaestuarycoastal beach第26頁(yè)漢字英文灘脊灘脊型潮灘灘脊型潮灘平原沙嘴障壁壩濱外壩尖形灘尖形壩連島壩陸連島沿濱泥沙流海岸階地全球性海面升降珊瑚礁岸礁beach ridgechenierche

23、nier plainsand spitbarrieroff-shore barcuspate forelandtuspate bartombolotombolo islandlongshore driftcoastal terrace，marine terraceeustatic movementcoral reeffringing reef第27頁(yè)漢字英文堡礁環(huán)礁大陸架大陸坡洋盆海隆海嶺平頂海山海溝海淵barrier reefatollcontinental shelfcontinental slopeoceanic basinriseoceanic ridgeguyottrenchabys

24、sal deep第28頁(yè)漢字英文氣候?qū)W氣候氣候資源太陽(yáng)輻射反照射積溫?zé)o霜期降水蒸發(fā)干燥度熱水平衡風(fēng)向風(fēng)速氣候?yàn)?zāi)害climatologyclimateclimate resourcessolar radiationalbedoaccumulated temperaturefrost-free periodprecipitationevaporationaridityheat-water balancewind directionwind speedclimate damage，climatic hazard04 氣 候 學(xué)第29頁(yè)漢字英文旱災(zāi)水災(zāi)風(fēng)災(zāi)雹災(zāi)濕害熱害凍害冷害氣候分類氣候區(qū)劃氣候帶氣候

25、區(qū)氣候型赤道帶熱帶drought damageflood damagewind damagehail damagewet damageheat damagefreezing damagecold damageclimatic classificationclimatic regionalizationclimatic zoneclimatic regionclimatic typeequatorial zonetropical zone第30頁(yè)漢字英文亞熱帶溫帶寒帶濕潤(rùn)氣候干燥氣候熱帶雨林氣候薩瓦納氣候森林氣候草原氣候荒漠氣候苔原氣候極地氣候高原氣候山地氣候大陸度subtropical zon

26、e temperate zonecold zonehumid climatearid climatetropical rainforest climatesavanna climateforest climatesteppe climatedesert climatetundra climatepolar climateplateau climatemountain climatecontinentality第31頁(yè)漢字英文大陸性氣候海洋性氣候地中海氣候地形氣候?qū)W區(qū)域氣候地方氣候小氣候氣候系統(tǒng)行星風(fēng)系信風(fēng)季風(fēng)梅雨臺(tái)風(fēng)寒潮海陸風(fēng)continental climatemaritime climat

27、eMediterranean climatetopoclimatologyregional climatelocal climatemicroclimateclimatic systemplanetary wind systemtrade wind，tradesmonsoonMeiyu,，plum raintyphooncold wavesea-land breeze第32頁(yè)漢字英文山谷風(fēng)干熱風(fēng)焚風(fēng)雨影氣候變遷古氣候歷史氣候年輪氣候?qū)W物候?qū)W自然歷城市氣候城市熱島氣候志mountain-valley breezedry-hot windfoehn rain shadowclimatic chan

28、gepalaeoclimatehistorical climatedendroclimatologyphenologynatural calendarurban climateurban heat islandclimatography第33頁(yè)漢字英文水文地理學(xué)水文學(xué)水體水團(tuán)河流學(xué)水利學(xué)水利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)水化學(xué)森林水文學(xué)城市水文學(xué)水文物理學(xué)古水文學(xué)土壤水文學(xué)hydrogeographyhydrologywater bodywater masspotamologyhydraulicshydroeconomicshydrochemistryforest hydrologyurban hydrologyhy

29、drophysicspalaeohydrologypedohydrology05 水 文 地 理 學(xué)第34頁(yè)漢字英文水文情勢(shì)水文過(guò)程水文測(cè)驗(yàn)流域形態(tài)流域分水線河道坡降河道等級(jí)閉合盆地河網(wǎng)密度總蒸發(fā)水平衡陸面蒸發(fā)水面蒸發(fā)分岔系數(shù)河源hydrological regimehydrological processhydrometrywatershed morphologybasin dividechannel gradientchannel orderclosed basindrainage densityevapotranspirationwater budget，water balancelan

30、d evaporationwater surface evaporationfork factorheadwaters第35頁(yè)漢字英文水道網(wǎng)支流過(guò)程線流量過(guò)程線分割瀑布水平降水水循環(huán)水量交換徑流徑流系數(shù)年正常徑流量基流河床變形河流補(bǔ)給暴發(fā)洪水hydrographic nettributaryhydrographseparation of hydrographwaterfallhorizontal precipitationwater cyclewater exchangerunoffrunoff coefficientannual normal runoffbase flowriver bed

31、 deformationriver feedingflash flood第36頁(yè)漢字英文洪水流水過(guò)程層間流壤中流河流數(shù)目定律疊加定律流量坡面流洪峰流量產(chǎn)流匯流產(chǎn)沙率退水曲線徑流模數(shù)產(chǎn)水量floodfluvial processesinteraquifer flowinterflowlaw of stream numberslaw of superpositiondischargeoverland flowpeak dischargerunoff generationflow concentrationrate of sediment productionrecession curverunof

32、f moduluswater yield第37頁(yè)漢字英文懸移質(zhì)泥沙運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)沙量水位洪水位警戒水位水土流失水土保持澇暴雨徑流輸沙能力徑流變率地下水文學(xué)承壓地下水水力傳導(dǎo)度suspended loadsediment movementsediment yieldwater stageflood levelwarning stagewater and soil losswater and soil conservationwaterloggingstorm flowtransportability of sedimentsvariability of runoffgroundwater hydrolo

33、gyconfined groundwaterhydraulic conductivity第38頁(yè)漢字英文入滲土壤水含水層自流水盆地深層地下水裂隙水地下水位礦泉地下河飽和帶湖沼學(xué)湖泊水文學(xué)湖流水質(zhì)湖泊富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化infiltrationsoil water aquiferartesian basindeep phreatic waterfissured waterwater tablemineral springunderground riversaturation zonelimnologylake hydrologylake currentwater qualitylake eutrophica

34、tion第39頁(yè)漢字英文人工湖鹽湖咸水湖淡水湖結(jié)構(gòu)湖層結(jié)湖季節(jié)性湖泊火山湖高山湖游移湖熱湖微咸湖干涸湖完全混和湖湖盆man-made lakesalt lakesalt-water lakefresh water laketectonic lake，structural lake stratified lake seasonal lake volcanic lakealpine lakewandering lake warm lakebrackish-water lake extinct lake holomixed lake lake circulation第40頁(yè)漢字英文湖水環(huán)流湖泊蓄水量

35、冰川補(bǔ)給積雪水文學(xué)融雪水文學(xué)融雪徑流有潮河口無(wú)潮海波浪侵蝕地下水庫(kù)水資源供水水能lake circulationlake storagealimentation of glacieralimentation of glaciersnow hydrologysnow runofftidal estuarytideless seawave erosiongroundwater reservoirwater resourcesWater supplyhydropower第41頁(yè)漢字英文生物地理學(xué)生物分布學(xué)生物分布分布區(qū)分布區(qū)中心分布區(qū)間斷分布區(qū)型擴(kuò)散中心殘遺種區(qū)種群生物群生物地理群落生境biogeo

36、graphychorologybiochoresarealareak centerareal disjunctionareal typedispersal centerrefugiumpopulationbiotabiogeocoenosishabitat06 生 物 地 理 學(xué)第42頁(yè)漢字英文小生境群落生境植物地理學(xué)植物區(qū)系生活型生活型譜水生植物濕生植物中生植物旱生植物指示植物指示群落植被植物群落群叢niche，microhabitatbiotopephytogeographyfloralife formlife form spectrumhydrophytehygrophytemesoph

37、ytexerophyteindicator plantindicator communityvegetationplant communityassociation第43頁(yè)漢字英文群系植被型頂級(jí)群落演替針葉林泰加林落葉林常綠闊葉林硬葉林照葉林季風(fēng)雨林雨林紅樹(shù)林苔原森林草原formationvegetation typeclimaxsuccessionconiferous foresttaigadeciduous forestevergreen broad-leaved forestsclerophyllous forestlaurel forestmonsoon forestrainfores

38、tmangrovetundraforest steppe第44頁(yè)漢字英文草原高草草原薩瓦納普那高原草甸高山矮曲林森林上限樹(shù)線動(dòng)物地理學(xué)動(dòng)物區(qū)系地理阻障動(dòng)物傳布華萊士線動(dòng)物群落泛北極steppeprairiesavannapunameadowalpine krummholzupper forest limittimberlinezoogeographyfaunageographical barrierssynzoochorywallaces lineanimal communityHolarctic第45頁(yè)漢字英文古北界新北界舊熱帶界新熱帶界東洋界 澳洲界PalaearcticNeoarctic

39、PalaeotropicNeotropicOrientalAustralasian第46頁(yè)漢字英文土壤地理學(xué)土被土鏈土壤組合土壤復(fù)區(qū)土壤氣候土壤資源土壤退化土壤侵蝕古土壤森林土壤草原土壤荒漠土壤pedogeographysoil mantlesoil catenasoil associationsoil complexsoil climatesoil resourcessoil degradationsoil erosionpaleosoilforest soildesert soildesert soil07 土 壤 地 理 學(xué)第47頁(yè)漢字英文高山土壤幼年土壤成熟土壤頂級(jí)土壤灰化土棕壤褐土黃

40、壤紅壤磚紅壤黑鈣土栗鈣土棕鈣土 灰漠土棕漠土high mountain soilyoung soilmature soilclimax soilpodzolic soilbrown earthcinnamon soilyellow earthred earthlateritechernozemchestnut soilbrown soilgray desert soilbrown desert soil第48頁(yè)漢字英文鹽土堿土solonchaksolonertz漢字英文化學(xué)地理學(xué)景觀地球化學(xué)地球化學(xué)景觀自成景觀隸屬景觀殘積景觀水上景觀水下景觀chemical geographylandscap

41、e geochemistrygeochemical landscapeautonomic landscapeauxiliary landscapeeluvial landscapesuperaqual landscapesubaqual landscape08 化 學(xué) 地 理 學(xué)第49頁(yè)漢字英文水成景觀單元景觀生源景觀非生源景觀大氣遷移水遷移生物遷移機(jī)械遷移化學(xué)遷移標(biāo)型元素標(biāo)型化合物標(biāo)型離子化學(xué)剝蝕aqueous landscape，aqual landscapeelementary landscapebiogenic landscapeabiogenic landscapeaerial mi

42、grationaqueous migrationbiological migrationmechanical migrationchemical migration，physico-chemical migrationtypomorphic elementtypomorphic compoundtypomorphic ionchemical denudation第50頁(yè)漢字英文醫(yī)學(xué)地理學(xué)地方病自然疫源地高山病克山病大骨節(jié)病medical geographyendemic diseasenatural epidemic focusmountain sicknessKeshan diseaseKa

43、schin-Beck disease 09 醫(yī) 學(xué) 地 理 學(xué)第51頁(yè)漢字英文環(huán)境地理學(xué)環(huán)境地球化學(xué)自然環(huán)境社會(huì)環(huán)境區(qū)域環(huán)境海洋環(huán)境環(huán)境系統(tǒng)環(huán)境結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)境要素環(huán)境演化環(huán)境背景值環(huán)境異常環(huán)境自凈environmental geographyenvironmental geochemistrynatural environmentsocial environmentregional environmentmarine environmentenvironmental system environmental structureenvironmental elementenvironmental ev

44、olutionenvironmental background valueenvironmental abnormalityenvironmental self-purification10 環(huán) 境 地 理 學(xué)第52頁(yè)漢字英文環(huán)境容量景觀損害環(huán)境退化環(huán)境效應(yīng)環(huán)境污染大氣污染水污染土壤污染海洋污染環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境管理環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)environmental capacitylandscape damageenvironmental degradationenvironmental effectenvironmental pollutionatmospheric pollutionwater polluti

45、onsoil pollutionmarine pollutionenvironmental economyenvironmental managementenvironmental standard第53頁(yè)漢字英文環(huán)境質(zhì)量環(huán)境質(zhì)量參數(shù)環(huán)境質(zhì)量指數(shù)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)環(huán)境質(zhì)量綜合評(píng)價(jià)環(huán)境保護(hù)環(huán)境規(guī)劃環(huán)境區(qū)劃環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)自然保護(hù)自然保護(hù)區(qū)自然資源保護(hù)生物資源保護(hù)environmental qualityenvironmental quality parameterenvironmental quality indexenvironmental quality evaluationenvironme

46、ntal impact assessmentenvironmental quality comprehensive evaluationenvironmental protectionenvironmental planningenvironmental regionalizationenvironmental designconservation of naturenature reserveconservation of natural resourcesliving resources conservation第54頁(yè)漢字英文水資源保護(hù)國(guó)家公園地面沉降公害公害病水悮病痛痛病protect

47、ion of water resourcesnational parkland subsidencepublic nuisancepublic nuisance diseaseminamata diseaseitai-itai disease第55頁(yè)漢字英文冰川學(xué)積雪粒雪粒雪化作用粒雪盆雪線吹雪雪崩雪蝕陸冰冰山冰川冰蓋glaciologysnow coverfirnfirnificationfirn basinsnow linesnow driftavalanchenivationland iceicebergglacierice sheet11 冰川學(xué)第56頁(yè)漢字英文冰原冰川化冰川作用冰川物

48、質(zhì)平衡消融區(qū)積累區(qū)冰川隙冰川地質(zhì)學(xué)角峰冰斗U形谷鼓丘羊背石冰擦痕冰川河流ice fieldglacierizationglaciationglacier mass-balanceablation areaaccumulation areacrevasseglacial geologyhorncirqueU-shape valleydrumlinroche moutonneeglacial striaglacial stream第57頁(yè)漢字英文冰下河道漂礫紋泥海洋性冰川大陸性冰川極地冰川山岳冰川冰斗冰川懸冰川冰川改變冰川退縮冰期小冰期新冰期冰期后subglacial channelboulder

49、varvemaritime glaciercontinental glacierpolar glaciermountain glaciercirque glacierhanging glacierglacial fluctuationdeglaciationice agelittle ice ageneoglaciationpost-glacial第58頁(yè)漢字英文間冰期冷圈冷圈學(xué)interglacial periodcryospherecryology漢字英文凍土學(xué)凍土融土季節(jié)凍土多年凍土高山凍土凍土動(dòng)力學(xué)凍土退化凍土進(jìn)化geocryology,cryopedologyfrozen groun

50、dmelted soilseasonal frozen groundpermafrostalpine permafrostpermafrost dynamicspermafrost degradationpermafrost aggradation12 凍土學(xué)第59頁(yè)漢字英文富冰凍土凍結(jié)層中水凍土相分析凍融循環(huán)凍結(jié)指數(shù)融化指數(shù)零點(diǎn)幕成冰作用冰膠結(jié)冰分凝地下水冰透鏡體冰含量?jī)雒泝雒浟ce permafrostinterpermafrost waterpermafrost phase-analysesfreeze-thaw cyclesfreezing indexthawing indexzer

51、o curtainice formationcement icesegregated iceground iceice lensice contentfrost heavingfrost heaving force第60頁(yè)漢字英文冰緣寒凍風(fēng)化熱喀斯特?zé)峥λ固睾浄瓭{periglacialcryogenic weathering, frost weatheringthermokarstthermokarst lakeice wedgefrost boil漢字英文沼澤學(xué)沼澤鹽沼草甸沼澤苔蘚沼澤蘆葦沼澤mire sciencemire, swampsalt marshmeadow marshsed

52、ge marsh,reed marsh, phragmites marsh13 沼澤學(xué)第61頁(yè)漢字英文蘚類沼澤顫沼林地沼澤紅樹(shù)林沼澤海濱沼澤灘地沼澤階地沼澤平原沼澤高山沼澤山地沼澤沼澤形成過(guò)程沼澤水文沼澤植物低位沼澤中位沼澤mass bogquaking mire, floating mireforest marshmangrove swampcoastal marshfluvial marshterrace marshplain marshplateau marshmountain mire, upland miremire formation processmire hydrology,

53、peatland hydrologymire plantfentransitional mire第62頁(yè)漢字英文高位沼澤富營(yíng)養(yǎng)沼澤中營(yíng)養(yǎng)化沼澤貧營(yíng)養(yǎng)化沼澤沼澤化沼澤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)沼澤率泥炭濕地raised bogeutrophic miremesotrophic mireoligotrophic bogpaludificationmire ecosystemmire areapeatwetland漢字英文人文地理學(xué)人類地理學(xué)人種地理學(xué)human geographyanthropogeographygeography of race14人文地理學(xué)第63頁(yè)漢字英文人口地理學(xué)民族地理學(xué)民族志聚落地理學(xué)城市

54、地理學(xué)鄉(xiāng)村地理學(xué)社會(huì)地理學(xué)文化地理學(xué)行為地理學(xué)感應(yīng)地理學(xué)政治地理學(xué)行政地理學(xué)軍事地理學(xué)選舉地理學(xué)犯罪地理學(xué)population geography, ethnic geographyethnographysettlement geographyurban geographyrural geographysocial geographycultural geographybehavioural geographyperception geographypolitical geographyadministrative geographymilitary geographyelectral geo

55、graphygeography of crime第64頁(yè)漢字英文激進(jìn)地理學(xué)人本主義地理學(xué)福利地理學(xué)旅游地理學(xué)游憩地理學(xué)閑暇地理學(xué)宗教地理學(xué)語(yǔ)言地理學(xué)地緣政治學(xué)人類生態(tài)學(xué)聚落城市鎮(zhèn)城市化城市化區(qū)域radical geographyhumanistic geographywelfare geographygeography of tourismgeography of recreationgeography of leisuregeography of religionlinguistic geographygeopoliticshuman ecologysettlementcitytownurb

56、anizationurbanized area第65頁(yè)漢字英文逆城市化城市連綿區(qū)城市集群大城市圈大城市市區(qū)城市等級(jí)系列城市體系城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化大城市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)城市集聚城市輻集郊區(qū)化城市引力引力模式斷裂點(diǎn)counter urbanizationmegalopolitan regionmegalopolismetropolitan regionmetropolitan areaurban hierarchyurban systemcity ecological systemstandard metropolitan statistical areaurban agglomerationcity ag

57、glomerationsuburbanizationcity attractiongravity modelbreak point第66頁(yè)漢字英文潛能模式城市場(chǎng)樞紐區(qū)樞紐城市蔓生中心城市田園城市綠帶城市分散城市首位城市首位度要沖城市母城衛(wèi)星城臥城potential modelurban fieldnodal regionnodal pointurban sprawlcenter citygarden citygreen belt citydispersed cityprimate cityprimacy ratiogateway citymother citysatellite towndor

58、mitory town第67頁(yè)漢字英文城市形態(tài)城市邊緣同心圓地帶論扇形論多關(guān)鍵論關(guān)鍵-邊緣論郊區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)交織帶鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃農(nóng)業(yè)村鎮(zhèn)城市化村地域系統(tǒng)區(qū)域系統(tǒng)建成區(qū)城市衰落區(qū)urban morphologyurban fringeconcentric zone theorysector theorymultiple nuclei theorycore-periphery theorysuburbrural-urban fringerural planningagricultural townurbanize villageareal systemregional systembuilt-up areade

59、clined urban area第68頁(yè)漢字英文城市生長(zhǎng)極市中心通勤帶聚落類型氏族聚落短期聚落礦業(yè)聚落棚戶區(qū)貧民區(qū)小區(qū)街坊鄰里隔坨區(qū)城市更新城市再開(kāi)發(fā)urban growth polecity centercommute zonesettlement patternclan settlementcamp settlementmining settlementsquatter settlementslumcommunityblockneighbourhoodghettourban renewalurban redevelopment第69頁(yè)漢字英文城市人口鄉(xiāng)村人口人口平衡閥限人口人口壓力人口組

60、成人口總出生率人口總死亡率人口零增加人口結(jié)構(gòu)年紀(jì)性別金字塔人口密度流感人口勞動(dòng)力勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)urban populationrural populationpopulation balancethreshold populationpopulation pressurepopulation compositioncrude birth ratecrude death ratezero population growthpopulation structureage-sex pyramidpopulation densityfloating populationwork force, labour