新概念第三冊(cè)第27課

1、Lesson 27 Nothing to Sell and Nothing to Buy不買也不賣第一頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. 據(jù)說(shuō)每個(gè)人都靠出售某種東西來(lái)維持生活。It has been said that = it is said that據(jù)說(shuō)live by以為生第二頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and

2、 priests by selling spiritual comfort.根據(jù)這種說(shuō)法，教師靠賣知識(shí)為生，哲學(xué)家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。in the light of = according to, taking into account 依據(jù)，按照philosophers和priests后面都承前省略了live,為了避免重復(fù)。第三頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。philosopher n.哲學(xué)家Philosophy n.哲學(xué)The ancient Greek philosopher蘇格拉底 Socrates skrti:z柏拉圖 Plato pleitu亞里士多德 Aristotle rist

3、tl-Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth.-I love my teacher, but I love truth more. -Aristotle第四頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。第五頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。wisdom n.智慧Plato is a man of wisdom.=Plato is a wise man.wise adj.英明的，明智的-I made a wise choice.wisdom teethThiswisdomthatyou simplylearn fromothersisnot enough.Onthebasisofit,yo

4、u shouldbuildyour ownideas.第六頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。priest n.牧師thethree major religionsof theworld:基督教 Christian krstn佛教 Buddhism bdzm伊斯蘭教 Islamism izlmizm天主教 Catholicism klisizm道教 Taoism tazm印度教 Hinduism hinduizm第七頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。 Christian第八頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。 Buddhismbdzm第九頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。 Islamismizlmizm第十頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。 Taoism tazm第十一頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。

5、 Hinduism hinduizm第十二頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。spiritual adj.精神上的，非物質(zhì)的spiritual life/spiritual need spirited adj. 精神飽滿的，生機(jī)勃勃的，英勇的a spirited girllow-spirited 沮喪的 high-spirited 興奮的a spirited debate 熱烈的辯論public-spirited adj. 有愛國(guó)心的,有公德心的（名詞public-spiritedness）Thanks to a group of public-spirited citizens, the Krippendorf

6、 garden has been preserved.多謝一群有公德心的市民，克利彭多夫花園才得以維持下去。第十三頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值可以用金錢來(lái)衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆?wù)的價(jià)值卻是極其困難的。though引導(dǎo)讓

7、步狀語(yǔ)從句，交代“先決條件是”in terms of 從方面說(shuō)來(lái)，按照Thebookoffersnothingintermsofasatisfactoryconclusion.第十四頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。It is the fashion nowadays, for instance, to explain all social unrest in terms of economic conditions.第十五頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, y

8、et we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. 有時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬?，愿意付出我們所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務(wù)后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費(fèi)用而抱怨。ahighfee高昂的費(fèi)用precisely adv. 精確地；恰恰第十六頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。grudge vt. 懷恨；吝惜；妒忌；不情愿做n. 怨恨；惡意；妒忌He grudged paying his taxes.他不愿付稅金。-His crude master grudged him even

9、the food he ate.He grudged me my salary.他吝于給我薪水。-He grudged my success.( vt.妒忌，怨恨)They grudged him his prize.他們嫉妒他得獎(jiǎng)。第十七頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。surgeon n. 外科大夫surgery n.外科手術(shù)Theplasticsurgeonundercut the skinofhercheek.整容外科醫(yī)生將她的臉皮下部切開。physician fzn n.內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 gynecologist ,ankldst n. 婦科醫(yī)生pediatrician ,pidtrn n.兒科醫(yī)生 dent

10、ist n.牙科醫(yī)生nasalnezl /ear/oral/brain doctor鼻科/耳科/口腔/腦科醫(yī)生第十八頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.社會(huì)上的情況就是如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。人人都有東西可以出售。such后面的that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，such是代詞。這個(gè)從句中的that

11、引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明是“什么樣的方法”。動(dòng)詞不定式tosell充當(dāng)something的后置定語(yǔ)。第十九頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by.在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個(gè)例外，乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起過(guò)路人的憐憫。trampsn. trmp 流浪漢tohisgeneralrule作證句子的補(bǔ)充狀語(yǔ)。toarousethe

12、pityofpassers-by是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作目的狀語(yǔ)，即“出售本人的目的是引起過(guò)路人的憐憫”。第二十頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。passer-by n.過(guò)路人（復(fù)數(shù)passers-by）looker-on 旁觀者father-in-law 岳父，公公mother/son/daughter/brother/sister-in-law岳母/婆婆/女婿/兒媳婦/姐夫，妹夫/夫或妻的姐妹第二十一頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.但真正的流浪并不

13、是乞丐。他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西.這句話由but引導(dǎo)，是對(duì)上句內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折。tosell作nothing的后置定語(yǔ)。兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句由and連接。第二十二頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. 在追求獨(dú)立自由的同時(shí)，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴(yán)。inseeking為固定搭配，意思是“在追求的過(guò)程中”。A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.游浪漢可能會(huì)向

14、你討錢，但他從來(lái)不要你可憐他。這個(gè)句子由兩個(gè)并列的分句構(gòu)成，兩個(gè)分句中各含有一個(gè)重要短語(yǔ) asksb. forsth.(向某人索要某物)，asksb. todosth.(要求某人做某事)。第二十三頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。dignity n.尊嚴(yán)，高貴lose ones dignity 丟面子，失去尊嚴(yán)-If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you cant expect to learn a foreign language.-Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity.第二十四頁(yè)，共四十

15、四頁(yè)。He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.他是故意在選擇過(guò)那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。heleads作life的定語(yǔ)從句，前面省去了關(guān)系代詞that。第二十五頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。deliberately adv. 故意地（=on purpose）-He coughed deliberately/on purpose to attract my attention.adv.慎重地，深思熟慮地-He made a decision deli

16、berately.第二十六頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。consequence n.后果，結(jié)果in consequence 因此，結(jié)果-It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled.in consequence of 因?yàn)?的緣故，由于-He didnt come to school in consequence of his illness.take the consequence of 承擔(dān).的責(zé)任-You have to take the consequence of the accident.第二十七頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。He

17、may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. 他可能從不知道下頓飯有無(wú)著落，但他不像有人那樣被千萬(wàn)樁愁事所折磨。wherethenextmealiscomingfrom是謂語(yǔ)besure所指的內(nèi)容，即賓語(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾anxieties,指“的煩心事”。be free from 不受.的影響，后面常接pain, trouble, danger. 第二十八頁(yè)，共四十四

18、頁(yè)。afflict v.使苦惱，折磨be afflicted with 受.折磨-He is afflicted with a disease.She is afflicted with a conscience她受良心的責(zé)備。affliction n. 痛苦，苦惱Thethought thatthispersonistheonly oneformeistherootoftheaffliction.那種認(rèn)為“這個(gè)人是我的唯一”的想法是痛苦的根源。第二十九頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。His few material possession make it possible for him to move fr

19、om place to place with ease.他幾乎沒(méi)有什么財(cái)產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是tomovefromplacetoplacewithease。withease相當(dāng)于easily。第三十頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。ease n.容易with ease 熟練地，輕而易舉地（=easily）-He finished the task with ease。at ease 安逸，自由自在-He is quite at ease in public.be/feel ill at ease 局促不安，心神不寧-I always feel ill at ease i

20、n a strange environment.第三十一頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.由于被迫在露天睡覺(jué)，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。byhavingtosleepintheopen是介詞短語(yǔ)，作原因狀語(yǔ)，意即“由于不得不露宿”。getcloseto的意思是“接近”。getfarclosertothan的意思是“比接近得多”。do代替get closetotheworldofnature。第三十二頁(yè)，共四十四

21、頁(yè)。nature n.大自然nature reserve 自然保護(hù)區(qū) n.本性human nature 人性，人類本性-Caring animals is human nature.第三十三頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. 為了生存，他可能會(huì)去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實(shí)需要的時(shí)候，他甚至可能干一點(diǎn)

22、兒活，但他決不會(huì)犧牲自由。in times of 在的時(shí)候句中兩個(gè)分號(hào)表明這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句均為并列關(guān)系。第三十四頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?說(shuō)起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類

23、。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說(shuō)我們對(duì)流浪漢的簡(jiǎn)樸生活與無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？asbeggars是class的定語(yǔ)。這里的as是關(guān)系代詞，意思是“他們和乞丐歸為同一類”。theirfreedomfromcare的意思是“他們的無(wú)憂無(wú)慮”，freedomfromcare相當(dāng)于freefromcare,只是由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)和對(duì)詞性的要求而把free改為freedom。第三十五頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。contempt n.蔑視hold sb. in contempt =look down upon sb. 鄙視某人I hold him in contempt because he has nothi

24、ng to do every day.in contempt of不顧；不把放在眼里；藐視He went abroad in contempt of his fathers objection.第三十六頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。contemptible adj.可鄙的，可輕視的，不齒的He is a contemptible person.Youcantellheis arudeandcontemptiblemanby thecontentofhishostilecomments.從他充滿仇意的言語(yǔ)內(nèi)容中，大家不難看出他是個(gè)粗野可鄙的人。第三十七頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。envious adj.羨慕的，嫉妒的be

25、 envious of I am envious of your success.jealous dls adj.妒忌的，吃醋的，羨慕的He is jealous of our success.envious 羨慕j(luò)ealous 嫉妒，含貶義envious，jealous and hateful第三十八頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。Comprehension questions1. It has been said everyone lives by doing what?By selling something. 2. What do teachers live by selling?Knowledge.

26、3. Who live by selling wisdom?Philosophers.4. And what about the priests?They live by selling spiritual comforts.第三十九頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。5. How difficult is it to estimate the true value of services that people perform? Extremely difficult. 6. Would most of us willingly give up everything we possess to save our

27、 lives?Yes, we would. 7. But who might we grudge paying?A surgeon.8. What has to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for?Skills.第四十頁(yè)，共四十四頁(yè)。9. Tramps seem to be an exception to the rule. What is the rule?Everyone has something to sell.10. What do beggars almost do?Sell themselves.11. Are real tramps beggar