大學(xué)英語第三講課件

1、情態(tài)動詞IV情態(tài)動詞IV.情態(tài)動詞的種類 can, could / may, might / must, have to, need / ought to / will, would, shall, should / dare .情態(tài)動詞的種類 can, could / may, m情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞具有一定的詞義，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化， 不能單獨構(gòu)成謂語，和謂語動詞連用表示委婉語氣，對行為的愿望，態(tài)度或推測等意義。情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞具有一定的詞義，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化， Can I ask you a question? May I ask you a question. (更禮貌)So

2、ldiers must obey orders.Can I ask you a question? 2. 情態(tài)動詞 + have done及其它（情態(tài)動詞+ 現(xiàn)在完成時，表示對過去發(fā)生情況的推測）2. 情態(tài)動詞 + have done及其它（情態(tài)動詞+ 現(xiàn)1) could + have done表示與事實相反 He could have gone by bus, but he went on foot.表示本來可以那樣做卻沒有做，含有某種責(zé)備的口氣1) could + have done表示與事實相反 2) might + have done表示未實現(xiàn)的行為You might have con

3、sidered her feelings. 表示說話人對過去情況的抱怨，責(zé)備，遺憾等2) might + have done表示未實現(xiàn)的行為Y3) neednt + have done表示做了不該做的事情 We neednt have hurried. 溫和的責(zé)備，后悔，通常限于否定句3) neednt + have done表示做了不該做4) must + have done表示對過去行為的肯定推測She must have been very young when she got married.The woman must be over fifty.4) must + have don

4、e表示對過去行為的肯should + have done表示該做而未做到的事6) should not + have done表示做了不該做的事 例子：資料should + have done表示該做而未做到的事注意：表示對過去行為的否定推測為cant have done, 而非mustnt have done. The room is in a terrible mess; it cant have been cleaned注意：表示對過去行為的否定推測為cant have don3. shall / should (ought to);資料3. shall / should (ought

5、to); 3) should除了表示”應(yīng)當(dāng)”,”該”解之外,還表示推測:作”可能”、”該”解. 還表示出乎意外, 居然 竟然. 如：The book should be in the reading-room. / I never thought she should have done this. 3) should除了表示”應(yīng)當(dāng)”,”該”解之外,還表示推 4) will / would資料15,71,73 題 4) will / would4. 可以看作情態(tài)動詞的短語1) used to + V表示過去經(jīng)常; 而be used to doing表示習(xí)慣于 I used to play ba

6、sketball in high school. 4. 可以看作情態(tài)動詞的短語1) used to + V表2) had better + V表示 ” 最好是 ”、“不如” 之意We had better leave the office now, or well miss the last bus. 否定形式為had better not do2) had better + V表示 ” 最好是 ”、“不 3) had rather + V than和would rather + V than表示”寧肯不愿”之意。如: We would / had rather die than yield.

7、He would rather live in the country than in the city. 3) had rather + V than和would補(bǔ)充： can not-tooYou cannot be too careful when crossing the street.練習(xí)題27， 44， 48， 74補(bǔ)充： can not-tooYou cannot be VI、虛擬語氣 VI、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣三大公式與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反資料虛擬語氣三大公式與現(xiàn)在事實相反 If he were here, everything would be all rig

8、ht. If I had the book, I would lend it to you. If he were here, everyth If I had listened to you, I should /would have finished my assignment.( 美語常用would 代替should) If I had listened to you, I s If it rained ( were to rain/ should rain ) tomorrow, I should stay at home.練習(xí) 2,10,61真題 3/ 24: If it raine

9、d ( were to rain/If 可以省略，但是從句要部分倒裝。如：資料例子If 可以省略，但是從句要部分倒裝。如：她要是學(xué)習(xí)再努力一些，這次考試就通過了。Had she worked harder, she would have got through the exams.她要是學(xué)習(xí)再努力一些，這次考試就通過了。假如你處在我的位置，你會怎么做？Were you in my position, what would you do? 練習(xí)16， 39， 真題4/ 22假如你處在我的位置，你會怎么做？2.有時條件從句和主句時態(tài)可以不一致,這叫混合條件虛擬語氣. 資料If I had work

10、ed harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.( 四級題)2.有時條件從句和主句時態(tài)可以不一致,這叫混合條件虛擬語氣.3. 在If only, wish, would sooner（=would rather）, as if (though)等后的句子中謂語動詞要用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu).資料：表格3. 在If only, wish, would sooneI would rather stay home than go out. Hed rather you came on Friday.他比較希望你在星期五來。I

11、would rather stay home than would sooner do (than do) 寧愿-（也不愿）， 寧可I would sooner resign than work under that boss.I could do it myself but I would sooner you did it.練習(xí)13； 55； 62would sooner do (than do) 寧愿-They would rather not have been to the Party.他們寧愿沒去參加那次晚會。（ would rather 等短語后直接跟動詞時，用原形表現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼?/p>

12、愿望，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的愿望。該用法還有 would just as soon, might as well, would prefer 表愿望，意為“寧愿，但愿”They would rather not have beeif only （ 省去結(jié)果主語的非真實條件句) If only (=I wish) I had not cheated in the examination.我如果能再見到他該多好?。?If only I could see him again.if only （ 省去結(jié)果主語的非真實條件句) If o你如果聽我的建議就好了。if only you would tak

13、e my advice.你如果聽我的建議就好了。 I wish I were as strong as you. He wishes we would try again.I wish I could have been there yesterday. I wish I were as strong as yo Sometimes I wish I were living in a different time and a different place.( 四級題) Sometimes I wish I were livin He often talks as if he were my

14、father. He looks as if he had been ill. (But he has not been ill) He often talks as if he were 注意：as if(though)不一定非使用虛擬語氣。 She looks as if she is going to cry. It looks as if well be late.注意：as if(though)不一定非使用虛擬語氣。補(bǔ)充 suppose 也可出現(xiàn)在非真實條件句中 Suppose you were given a chance to get the job, would you acc

15、ept?練習(xí)題 4補(bǔ)充 suppose 也可出現(xiàn)在非真實條件句中4.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法 主語 + V. + that 主語 + (should) do 4.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法 V主要有: 表示建議(propose, suggest, urge, advise, recommend, move), 表示要求(ask, require, request, demand, insist, desire, maintain), 表示命令(command, order)例句：資料， 42題 V主要有: 表示建議(propose, suggest, 注意：1）suggest表示“說明，暗示

16、”時后面不用虛擬語氣。/ suggest + doing sth. Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?2）insist, maintain 表示“堅持認(rèn)為”時后面不用虛擬語氣。表示“堅決要求”必須用虛擬語氣。 （資料）注意：1）suggest表示“說明，暗示”時后面不用虛擬語氣5.主語從句中的虛擬語氣在It is (was) + adj. + that 主語 + (should) do adj.主要有：necessary, essential, important, vital, urgent, natural, , des

17、irable, advisable, strange等，以及desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。 （資料）真題1/ 255.主語從句中的虛擬語氣在It is (was) + adj補(bǔ)充表語從句和同位語中的虛擬語氣Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee be set up to investigate the incident.補(bǔ)充表語從句和同位語中的虛擬語氣Many a delegaThe colleges requirement

18、is that all graduate students in education (should) pass CET 6.The colleges requirement is t6.Its (high, about) time that we did (were) 的句型中要用過去時如: It is high time (that) we began to work.Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time we went home?6.Its (high, about) time that我們該走了。 It is t

19、ime we left.53題我們該走了。7.句型：But for (=If it were not been for) + n., 主語 + should (would, could) + V / But for (=If it had not been for) + n., 主語 + should (would, could) have done 7.句型：But for (=If it were not 條件句中的虛擬語氣除了用連詞if 引導(dǎo)外，還可用but for, without, or, otherwise等形式引導(dǎo)，稱作含蓄虛擬條件句資料例句條件句中的虛擬語氣除了用連詞if 引導(dǎo)

20、外，還可用but fo補(bǔ)充：Without the storm, we should have arrived much earlier.23題補(bǔ)充：Without the storm, we shoul8.lest(for fear that / in case) + 主語 + (should)do如：We didnt tell the old woman the bad news for fear that she (should) break down. Take some money with you in case you should need it.8.lest(for fear

21、 that / in case【考點】虛擬語氣常常與真實語氣混合使用：1）從真實語氣過渡到虛擬語氣， 用otherwise, or 等，如：資料例句真題2/ 212) 從虛擬語氣過渡到真實語氣， 用but, however等，資料例句【考點】大學(xué)英語第三講課件.反意問句的重點 陳述句, + 附加疑問句反意疑問句也稱作附加疑問句，由前后兩部分組成。第一部分提出一種看法，第二部分用來質(zhì)疑或證實。若前一部分為肯定形式，后一部分一般用否定形式；若前一部分為否定形式，后一部分一般用肯定形式。.反意問句的重點 陳述句, + 附加疑問句反意疑問句1.He is 1ate, isnt he?當(dāng)陳述句部分為系動

22、詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞時，疑問部分要重復(fù)這些動詞。You have already got our invitation, havent you?They neednt make such a loud noise, need they?1.He is 1ate, isnt he?當(dāng)陳述句部分2. They didnt agree with us, did they? You are to go home via Hong Kong, arent you?注意時態(tài)的一致。2. They didnt agree with us, 3. We have to go, dont we? 4. He u

23、sed to live in China, didnt (usednt) he?3. We have to go, dont we? 5. Youd like to come, wouldnt you? Youd rather not do, would you? Youd better come tomorrow, hadnt you?5. Youd like to come, wouldn 6. I ought to complain, shouldnt I? 或 oughtnt I? 7. I wish to go home now, may I? (特殊規(guī)律) I am very keen on sports, arent I?(特殊規(guī)律) 6. I ought to complain, shou8.資料：注意：1)肯定的祈使句表示請求時，反意疑問句一般用will you. 表示邀請，勸誘時，反意疑問句用wont you。 但是，在否定的祈使句后面則用will you。 Lets go, s