高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法《主謂一致》專題教案

1、- - -高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致專題教案主謂一致的基本原則主謂一致有以下三條原則:1 語(yǔ)法一致原則,即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。例如,主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如 :The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.2 意義一致原則,即從意義著眼處理一致關(guān)系。例如 ,主語(yǔ)形式雖是單數(shù)但意義是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式;而有些主語(yǔ)形式雖是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式。.The people in that country are fighting for inde

2、pendence.The crowd deeply respect their leader.Three years in a strange land seems a long time.3 就近原則,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。例如:Neither he nor I am going to see thefilm tonight because we are busy.“主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,介詞短語(yǔ)通常不用作主語(yǔ),所以當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)只與介詞短語(yǔ)前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致,而與介詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)。如:A woman with tw

3、o children has come.一位婦女帶著兩個(gè)孩子已經(jīng)來(lái)了。Everybody but you knows what was happening.除了你以外,人人都知道出了什么事。The teacher,together with some of his pupils,was cleaning the room.教師和他的一些學(xué)生一起在打掃教室。以下兩例中的as well as也可視為介詞，其后謂語(yǔ)與as well as前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致：The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.學(xué)生和他們的老師出

4、席了會(huì)議。I as well as they am ready to help you.不僅他們?cè)敢鈳椭?我也愿意幫助你。并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致.就近型：由 or,either - or,neither - or,not botily ；ndbut also 等連接的并列成分作主 語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)通常要與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:Neither you nor he is tired.你和他都沒(méi)累。Not you but I am to blame.不是你的錯(cuò)而是我的錯(cuò)。Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父親就是我兄弟要來(lái)。.就遠(yuǎn)型：由

5、as well as,as much as,rather than,more than,no less than等連接的并歹U成分作 主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)通常與前面一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:The son,as well as his parents,wants to go there.不但兒子想去那兒,而且他的父母也想去。.復(fù)數(shù)型：由and和bothand連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)總是用復(fù)數(shù)。如:(Both New York and London have traffic problems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問(wèn)題。注:當(dāng)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)受each,every,no的修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。另

6、外，當(dāng)and連 接的兩個(gè)的詞語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)也要用單數(shù)。如:Every man and woman wants to join it.每個(gè)男女都想加入它。A teacher and poet visited our school the other day.早幾天一位教師詩(shī)人參觀了我們學(xué)校。時(shí)間、距離、金額作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、重量、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ) ,被看作整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體也可以復(fù)數(shù)。如:Twenty years is a long time.二十年是很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。Two kilometers is a long way to go on f

7、oot. 步行兩千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路程。Six months have passed,andwe still have no news of them.六個(gè)月過(guò)去了，我們依然沒(méi)有 他們的消息。Ten dollars is too much for this old coin.這個(gè)古幣沒(méi)有10塊錢這么高的價(jià)格。Three dollars were paid for the old coin.那個(gè)古錢花了 3 塊錢。Twenty years is a long time.20 年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。Twenty years have passed since they got married.他們結(jié)女

8、昏已有 20 年了。意義一致的三個(gè)典型用法1.形式上雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如the police,people,cattle等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù) 數(shù)。如 :Cattle eat grass 牛吃草。The police were called in. 警察被召來(lái)了。注:people作民族”解時(shí)，其單數(shù)形式為people復(fù)數(shù)形式為peoples作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用語(yǔ)法一致 原則。如:The Chinese people is a great people.中華民族是一個(gè)偉大的民族。56 peoples make up the big family of China.56 個(gè)民族構(gòu)成中國(guó)這個(gè)大

9、家庭。.主語(yǔ)是指一類人的“the 形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有:the brave, the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the de af and dumb,the oppress ed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等。另外,像the C hinese,the British,the Irish 等表示一個(gè)國(guó)家或民族的人的總稱,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The injured were taken to hospital.

10、受傷的人都送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。The English do not drink much wine.英國(guó)人不喝很多酒。.形式上為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞,如news,mathematics,physics,politics,economics及以 s 結(jié)尾的書名、國(guó)名等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Mathematics is the language of science數(shù)學(xué)是科學(xué)語(yǔ)言。His “ SelectePdoems” wasfirst published in 1965.他的詩(shī)歌選集最早是1965 年出版的。主謂一致高考真題he factory used 65 percent of t

11、he raw materials,the rest of whichsaved for otherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD.werene third of the countrycovered with trees and the majority of the citizensblack people.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;isarbara is easy to recognize as she tshe only one o f the women whoevening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has worn

12、D.have worn.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have.Such poets as Shakespearewidely read,of whose works,however,some difficult to understand.A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.is:are.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universitiesrisin

13、g steadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been.The teacher together with the studentsdiscussingReading Skills thatnewlypublished in America.A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was.Either you or one of your studentsto attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be.Dr.Smith,together with

14、 his wife and daughters,visit Beijing this summer.A.is going toare going toC.was going toD.were going to10. Did you go to the show last night? Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area invited.A.wereB.have beenC.has beenD.was.A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week

15、goo dfor one shealth.A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area.A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where_ _yet.A.hasn btee

16、n decidedB.haven dtecidedC.isn bteing decidedD.aren dtecided.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third usedregularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.isB.areC.wasD.were.Most of what has been said about the Smiths also true of the Johnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.to be.A poet and

17、artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were.The father as well as his three childrenskating on the frozen river every Sundayafternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going.As you can see,the number of cars on roadsrising these days.A

18、.was keepingB.keepC.keepsD.were keeping.Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,in theclothing industry.A.is workingB.worksC.workD.worked.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A.workB.workingC.is workingD.are working.With more forests being