高中英語名詞性從句課件

1、并列句 (compound sentence)復合句 (complex sentence)簡單句 (simple sentence)英語句子的種類簡單句的五種基本句型1. The weather is very cold.主語+謂語（系動詞）+表語2. He laughed.主語+謂語（vi.）3. I like Chinese food.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語4. She taught them physics.主語+謂語(vt.)+間接賓語+直接賓語5. We must keep the room warm. 主語+謂語(vt.) +賓語+賓語補足語并列句 把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞

2、連接起來。 I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present, but she didnt like it. 并列句并列句平行并列連詞： 轉折并列連詞：因果并列連詞： 選擇并列連詞：and, bothand, not only but also, neithernorbut, however,

3、while, yet or,eitherorfor, so常用并列連詞復合句:主句+從句名詞性從句定語從句狀語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句Noun Clauses 名詞性從句名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞, 在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。主語 His job is important.What he does is important.表語This is his job.This is what he does every day. 賓語I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位語I dont kno

4、w about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.賓語從句表語從句賓語從句主語從句同位語從句Practice time：指出下列各名詞性從句的種類。1. She wondered if the buses would still be running.2. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.3. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man

5、 in a dark coat.4. When we will start is not clear.5. I had no idea that you were her friend.Object Clauses賓語從句 I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓 語 從 句連詞從句主語 從句謂語 主 句（復合句）句子作賓語就是賓語從句，跟在及物動詞或介詞后。句子結構：主句 +連詞（引導詞）+ 賓語從句 一、賓從類型 1. vt + 賓從 I think that you are right.2. Vi + 介詞 + 賓從Our s

6、uccess depends on how closely we cooperate.3. vt + 間接賓語+賓從 He informs me when to leave.同類型4. Vt+ 賓從 + 賓補He has made that he wont agree to the plan clear.可用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓 語從句后置。He has make it clear that he wont agree to the plan.5. Be + adj.+ 賓從I am afraid that I have made a mistake.We are pleasant t

7、hat we have again overcome difficulties.在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。Im sorry (that) I dont know.Were sure (that) our team will win.Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam.二、連詞（引導詞）1.連詞 that, if / whether2. 連接代詞 what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, whic

8、h, whichever 等.3.連接副詞 when, where, why, how等.1. 連詞that，一般引導陳述句，that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。 Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下情況下

9、不能省略：（1）當that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能省；Everyone knew (that) this test is important and that she was worried. （2）當that從句作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉；The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.（3）用it作形式賓語的賓語從句中that 不能省掉；I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.（4）當that 從句與謂語分離時，t

10、hat不能??；I realize at once that I must have done something wrong. (5) 短語 except that （除了）中的thatI know nothing about her except that she is from Florida.2. If / whether 在從句中不做成分，有意義“是否” ”，不能省略。一般引導是一般疑問句的賓語從句。Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag.Lets see if /whether we can find

11、 out some information about that city.She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books.whether和if都可以引導賓語從句 a.當有or/ or not / to do 時就用whether,不用if。I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if。 I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.注意 whether和if的使用區(qū)別（whether使用范圍更廣）:Choose “if / whet

12、her”1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ I should go.if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_ to go.whether3. 當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由疑問詞（what, who, whom, which, whose,(連接代詞)when, where, ho

13、w, why（連接副詞）等）引導，因為疑問詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who/whom we have to see.Do you know what time the plane leaves?三、注意考點1. 時態(tài)（1） 如果主句是現在的時態(tài) （包括一般現在時 ，現在進行時，現在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據實際情

14、況而定，（包括一般現在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現在完成時等）。I know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.（2）如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時， 過去完成時）I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father w

15、ould come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .（3）從句是客觀真理、定義、公理、定理等時用一般現在時。The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.2. 語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。I dont know what is the matter/the trouble/wrong with him.1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to t

16、he library .His brother asks when will he go to the library . 2. What does he want to buy ?I dont know what he wants to buy .I dont know what does he want to buy .【即學即練】3. 否定轉移（1） 如果主句主語是第一人稱 （包括I，we），與動詞think, expect, believe, guess, suppose等連用，后接賓語從句時，通常將從句的否定轉移到主句謂語動詞，形成否定前移。I dont suppose Jack i

17、s used to this diet. N：如果主句主語是第二人稱呢？You suppose Jack isnt used to this diet.N:反意疑問句？I dont suppose Jack is used to this diet, is he?4. 形式賓語 it什么情況下會用到形式賓語it（1）在句型 Vt+ 賓從 + 賓補中，可用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓 語從句后置。We found that no one would take the money strange.We found it strange that no one would take the mone

18、y.（2）有些詞，后習慣一個形式賓語it，再接賓語從句第一類：表示喜好、憎惡等詞：hate, love, like, appreciate, enjoy 等。I hate it when my computer crashes.She really enjoy it that her friends treat her friendly.第二類：rely on, depend on, see to, oweWould you see to it that the villagers have clean drinking water?You may rely on it that he com

19、es on time.5. 虛擬語氣一些含有假設、猜想、建議等意思的動詞后面的賓語從句要用“（should） +do”結構, should可以省略。這類動詞有: advise, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。如： I suggested that he (should) study harder. 1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. wh

20、ether2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not ?A. if B. where C. whether D. thatDABC【達標訓練】5. Could you show me _ ? A.

21、how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was wa

22、iting D. where did you liveCBD8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. He says that if it _ tomorrow, he _ fishing . A. will rain ;wont go B. rained ; wasnt go C. rains ； wont go D. rain ; will go CDPredicative Clauses 表語從句表語從句是在復合句中作表

23、語的名詞性從句, 放在系動詞之后,一般結構是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動詞有be, look, remain, appear, seem。連接詞：連詞：that / whether （ if 不引導表語從句)連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how /其他連詞： because / as /as if /as though E.g.The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats why I was late.其他連詞： beca

24、use / as /as if /as thoughBecause 的原因Thats because we were in need of money at that time.2. as 和一樣Things were not as we seemed to be.As if / as though 好像 一般接在seem ， look，appear , sound后，可能是陳述語氣，可能是虛擬語氣。 He looked as if he was going to cry.（陳述） It seems as though it would rain. (虛擬) 注意考點：在表語從句中，表“是否”

25、 時，只能用 “whether”不能用“if”。表語從句中“that”不能省。 It is /was because .+原因 It is because I am nervous. It is /was why. +結果 It is why I failed in the exam.注意考點：4. The reason is /was that. +原因The reason is that Im nervous.5. The reason (why/for)is /was that.The reason why I failed in the exam is that Im nervous.

26、注意考點：6. 虛擬語氣主語是表示“建議，命令，要求”等名詞時，表語從句應該用虛擬語氣 “（should） + do”名詞有：suggestion， advice， proposal， order， command，request， requirement， demand等。My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to

27、 operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 【即學即練】BCDSubject Clauses 主語從句二、連詞（引導詞）1.連詞 that, whether2. 連接代詞 what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever 等.3.連接副詞 when, where, why, how等.1. 連詞that，一般引導陳述句，that在

28、從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思, 從句中不能省略。1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to us all. (地球是圓的)3. _ is a pity. (你錯過了這次機會)That the earth is roundThat you missed the chance2 . whether 在從句中不做成分，有意義“是否” ”，不能省略。whether her grandma liked the handbag remains to be seen.whether we can find out some inform

29、ation about that city depends on her attempt.3. 連接副詞 what, who, whom, which, whose，具有一定的意義，在從句中當主語、賓語或定語。所以不可以省略。What he said is not true . Whoever comes is welcome.Which boy will be chosen depends on the coachs decision.4.連接副詞when, where, how, why 在從句中擔任狀語，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。Where he hid the money is

30、to be found out .How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meetingWhen theyll start the project has not been decided yet. 注意一:主語從句后置為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。That we shall be late is certain. Its certain that we shall be late. That the earth is round is known to us all. 由連詞

31、whether, 連接代詞 what, who, which和連接副詞 when,where,why,how 等引導,也常常后置。It is not sure whether he has passed the test.It remains to be decided when to set off.Its known to us all that the earth is round.注意考點：It 的用法： （形式主語）It + be + adj.+ that Its possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 It

32、+ be + done + thatIts said/ reported that.據說/據報道Its been announced/declared that已經通知/宣布It + vi. .+ thatIt seems/appears/happens. that顯然/碰巧N:如果主從后面是表從或賓從時，不能用it做形式主語的。What moved us is that he lost his wife in order to save others. 注意二 ：主語從句中 ，謂語單復數問題主語從句中 ，動詞一般用單數When should we leave is up to Jack.Wh

33、y he made such decision remains unknown.但是what引導的主語從句，有時根據表語決定。What he needs is that book.What he needs are some books.What many people believes is that no pain no gain.兩個并列的主語從句謂語用復數When they will start and where they will go have not been decided.兩個并列的疑問詞引導同一個主語從句時，謂語用單數。When and where the meeting

34、 will be held has not been decided yet.注意三：what 與 that 引導主語從句的區(qū)別 what引導名詞性從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語、賓語、表語,而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用。例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.注意四：主從的語序問題陳述語氣：主+謂+賓如： What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a puzzle.3. _ i

35、s known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.A.Which; belong to B. As; belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. W

36、hether C. That D. Where 【即學即練】BCA同位語從句同位語從句 1. 跟在抽象名詞后面，對該名詞作進一步解釋說明。常用名詞有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。2. 常用連詞：that, when, where, why, howE.g. 1)消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊。2) 問題是他如何做這件事。Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. Its the ques

37、tion how he did it.注意：1) 同位語從句多用that 引導，無意義但不可省略。2) 在have no idea之后常用 wh-引導同位語從句。I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a thre

38、e-day visit in China._1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot._The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._【典題例證】4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.3.Te

39、enagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._比較：1. We expressed the hope that they had expected.我們表達了他

40、們曾經表達過的那種希望。2. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我們希望他們再來中國訪問。定語從句同位語從句區(qū)別that引導的同位語從句和定語從句：引導同位語的連詞that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定語從句中，that可以充當從句的主語或賓語等。同位語從句是對前面名詞的內容的具體說明，而定語從句是對前面的名詞進行修飾，解釋為“的”。連詞that在同位語從句中不可省略,而在定語從句中當它充當賓語時可以省略。Practice: 判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句1. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit Chin