直接引語和間接引語知識點(diǎn)歸納

1、v1.0可編寫可改正直接引語和間接引語引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號“標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號這叫做間接引語，實質(zhì)上間接引語多數(shù)是賓語從句（其中由祈使句變換的間接引語除外，其變換后是不定式）。那么直接引語為陳說句、一般疑問句、特別疑問句和祈使句，變換為間接引語時，句子的構(gòu)造，人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語和地址狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢1、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變1）直接引語中的第一人稱，一般變換為第三人稱，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引語中的第二人稱，假如原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說

2、的，變換為第一人稱，如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）直接引語中的第二人稱，假如原話是針對第三人稱說的，變換成第三人稱。如：Shesaidtoherson,“Illcheckyourhomeworktonight.”Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人稱的變換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougototh

3、estationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon”HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.總之，人稱的變換不是固定的，詳細(xì)情況，詳細(xì)對待，要符合邏輯。2、時態(tài)的變換直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞假如是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范圍的各樣時態(tài)（實質(zhì)也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求），變化以下：“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.Shesaidshewas

4、verygladtovisitourschool.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus”Heaskedtheconductorwhe

5、rehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.“Whydidsherefusetogothere”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”Tomsaidtha

6、ttheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.Hesaid，“Ihaventheardfrommyparentsthesedays.”11v1.0可編寫可改正Hesaidthathehadntheardfromhisparentsthosedays.3、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)不用改變的情況1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般此刻時的時候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如：Hewillsay,“Illtrymybestto

7、helpyou.”Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3）當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有詳細(xì)的過去時間狀語時，如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.4）當(dāng)直接引語中有以when,while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時間時，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5）當(dāng)直接引語是客

8、觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”O(jiān)urteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.6）當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7）當(dāng)直接引語中有神態(tài)動詞should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need時，如：Thedoctorsaid,“Youdbetterdr

9、inkplentyofwater.”ThedoctorsaidIdbetterdrinkplentyofwater.Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.Theteachersaid,“Youneednthandinyourcompositionstoday.”Theteachersaidweneednt/didntneedto/didnth

10、avetohandinourcompositions.Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine”Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.注：此處用hadto代替must更好Teacher:Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.Student:Whatdidtheteachersay,MonitorMonitor:Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.4、時間狀語、地址狀語及某些比較性的指示代詞和動詞變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those時間

11、狀語nowthen22v1.0可編寫可改正todaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month)thatweek(month)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month)theweek(month)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek(month)thenextweek(month)地址狀語heretherecomego動詞bringtakeHesaid,“ImetMr.Smiththismorning.”他說“我今日清晨見到史

12、密斯了?！盚esaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他說他那天清晨見到史密斯了。Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”他說：“我們昨天去電影院了?！盚esaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他說前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫?。Lilysaid,“Iwillcomebacknextmonth.”莉莉說：“我下個月回來?！盠ilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉說她下一個月就回去。Hesaid,“Itisnineoclocknow.”他說：“此刻九點(diǎn)了?！盚e

13、saidthatitwasnineoclockthen.他說那時九點(diǎn)了。Hesaid,“Ihaventseenhertoday.”他說：“今日我沒見到她?！盚esaidthathehadntseenherthatday.他說那天他沒有見到她。Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”她說：“昨天我去了那里。”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她說前一天她去了那里。Shesaid,“Illgotheretomorrow.”她說：“明天我將去那里?！盨hesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她說次日她將去

14、那里。Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”他說：“三天前我妹妹在這兒?！盚esaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他說三天前他妹妹在那里。(herethere;agobefore)Shesaid,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”她說：“今晚我將來這兒?！盨hesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她說那晚她將去那里。（comego；herethere；thisthat）以上這些變化,要根聽聞話的詳細(xì)時間和詳細(xì)地址的情況而定，不可以機(jī)械照搬。假如就在當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

15、轉(zhuǎn)述，here就不33v1.0可編寫可改正必改為there,come也不用改為go,假如就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或tomorrow等時間狀語也不用改變。直接引語中的一般過去時如與一個詳細(xì)的過去時間狀語連用，間接引語的一般過去不時態(tài)不變。Fathersaid,“Iamfreethisafternoon”父親說：“我今日下午有空?！盕athersaidthathewasfreethisafternoon.父親說他今日下午有空。Hesaid,“Iamgoingtheretomorrow.”他說“我明天去那里?！盚esaidthathewasgoingtheretomorrow.他說他明天去那

16、里。巧記:去掉引號加that，人稱變化要靈巧，時態(tài)向退后一步，狀語變化按規(guī)定5、直接引語變成間接引語，句子構(gòu)造的變化1）陳說句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said,也可用told來代替，注意，能夠說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可以直接說toldthat,如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“IllgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”Hetoldustha

17、thewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可以說toldthat）其余主句中的謂語還常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又如：Hesaid，“Imlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.假如間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個或兩個以上的并列從句，第一個連詞能夠省略，此后的連詞一般不省略，免得紛亂。Thedoctorsaid,“Youareno

18、tseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”Thedoctorsaid（that）IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.2）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱能否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳說句的語序，這一點(diǎn)特別重要。Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation”Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.H

19、esaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,arentyou”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.3）直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whetheror表達(dá)，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror.如：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.4）直接引語為特別疑問句，改成間接引語

20、時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask（sb.）來表達(dá)，語序改為陳說句語序。如：Heasked，“Whatsyourname”Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry”44v1.0可編寫可改正Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.5）直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語動詞常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.t

21、odo，（由必定祈使句變成）asksb.nottodo（由否認(rèn)祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地址狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Hesaid，“Beseated,please.”Heaskedustobeseated.“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”Hesaid.Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Donttouchanyt

22、hinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.6）有些含有“建議”、“勸告”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如：Hesaid,“Letshavearest.”Hesuggestedourhavingarest.Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”Heofferedtohelpme.7）當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示懇求，建議意義時，可用asksb.todosth./

23、suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor”heasked.Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.“Whynotgoingoutforawalk”heaskedus.Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.8）直接引語是痛惜句時，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwa

24、salovelyday.即學(xué)即練1.Heasked_forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.“Haveyouseenthefilm”heaskedme.Heaskedme_.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;c

25、losingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose“Iamateacher,A.thatIamateacher”Jacksaid.Hesaid_.B.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_-verynaughty.55v1.0可編寫可改正A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohism

26、otherthattheboywas6.“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwas

27、aPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.8.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong”Heasked_.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter10.Hesaid,“Dontdot

28、hatagain.”He_me_thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dontdoC.toldme;dontdoD.toldme;nottodo我告訴他我丟了錢并會找到這筆錢。她問我次日有沒有空。我問她次日去哪里去干什么。他爸爸告訴他不要衣著新外套去爬樹。這個陌生人問我的名字是什么。他說:我把書落在你房間了。她說:他會很忙的。66v1.0可編寫可改正她對湯姆說:你能幫我嗎Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karentheyoungmanasked.Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,thelittleboysaidhappily.Lighttravelsfasterthansound,thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.WillyougototheconcertwithmethiseveningMaryaskedme.Whatdidyoudohereyesterdaytheol