被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳細(xì)講解(基礎(chǔ)講解)

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳細(xì)講解(基礎(chǔ)講解)被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳細(xì)講解(基礎(chǔ)講解)被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳細(xì)講解(基礎(chǔ)講解)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考 被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳細(xì)講解(基礎(chǔ)講解)日期：20 xx年X月被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、語態(tài)概述 我吃了一個(gè)蘋果， 那現(xiàn)在蘋果怎樣了蘋果被我吃了。正如漢語中的被字句，英語中的“被字句”我們稱之為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、主去動(dòng)。 例如：Many people speak English. 謂語：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)

2、作的對象。巧記為：被動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、主被動(dòng)。例如：English is spoken by many people.主語English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他開了門。(主動(dòng)句) The door was opened.門被開了。(被動(dòng)句) 二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。不及物動(dòng)詞本身沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 及物動(dòng)詞-本身意義不完整，后必須帶賓語，有些還可以帶雙賓。不及物動(dòng)詞-本身意義完整，不需要帶賓語，如帶賓語必須通過介詞。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以eat為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。 一般現(xiàn)在

3、時(shí)：amisareeaten 一般過去時(shí)：waswereeaten一般將來時(shí)：will/shall/be going to beeaten過去將來時(shí)：would/should/be going to beeaten現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：amisare beingeaten 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：waswere beingeaten現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：havehas beeneaten 過去完成時(shí)：had beeneaten歌訣是：被動(dòng)語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。 三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 (1)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night.

4、一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的) This book was published in 1981.這本書出版于1981年。（沒有必要或說出出版者） (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.這本書是他寫的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。 歌訣：誰做的動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰做的沒有必要； 動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)運(yùn)用到。 (3) 為了

5、更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個(gè)主語就夠了） 四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法 (1)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。 (2)把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式)。 (3)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people laughed at him. - He was laughed at by all peop

6、le. They make the bikes in the factory. -The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。 謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過分”來使用。 五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。歌訣是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加“過分”。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. -This watch can be repaired in two day

7、s. We must finish this work soon. -This work must be done soon.六、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的幾個(gè)問題.（1）時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。I have repaired my computer has been repaired.（2）謂語為動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能丟掉動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。 His best friend often looks after him.-He is often looked after by his best friend.（3） 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中若有雙賓語,將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,另一個(gè)賓語不變。動(dòng)詞make/

8、buy(雙賓語，人間物直， me為間接賓語，a book 為直接賓語) - I was given a book by Vivian. -A book was given to me by Vivian.（直接賓語提前時(shí)，要在間接賓語前加介詞）（4）主動(dòng)語態(tài)若有復(fù)合賓語，（即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主及物動(dòng)詞賓賓補(bǔ)），將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓補(bǔ)不變。They call him Louis.-He is called Louis.（5）當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigare

9、tte. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不定式需要加上to. Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. -He was made to wash the dishes.（7）有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The

10、meeting is to be put off till Friday.（8）非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.（9）It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說,I

11、t is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）七、謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1、（1）.英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，dr

12、ive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door wont be locked （指不會(huì)有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）（2） 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out,

13、 come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 How do the newspapers come out 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來的呢（3） 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable 2、在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。（1） 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，

14、其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。 （2） 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）（3） 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例 I have a lot of thi

15、ngs to do this afternoon (to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)（4） 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等

16、。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.（5） 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.（6） 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost t

17、ime不明確。）（7） 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，每空一詞 1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an E

18、nglish song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week. 6. People use metal for making machines. Metal _ _ for making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that

19、for him. have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library. they build a bridge here a year ago _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago ll put on an English play in our school. An English play _ _ _ on in our school. and more farmers buy the TV sets. The TV sets _ _ _ more and more fa

20、rmers. brother often mends his watch. His watch _ _ _ by my brother. must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day. use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. he break the window yesterday _ the window _ _ _ yesterday 用動(dòng)詞的正確語態(tài)填空。 1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and