2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)11

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only_their trainers.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.imitatingB.condoningC.instructingD.acknowledging【答案】A【解析】imitat

2、ing模仿, 效法; condoning寬恕, 赦免; instructing指導(dǎo), 教; acknowledging承認(rèn), 答謝。句意：一些人類學(xué)家聲稱, 一些猿類已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了基本的手語(yǔ), 但持懷疑態(tài)度的人認(rèn)為, 猿類只是在模仿它們的馴獸師。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。2.單選題Euthanasia is a practice of mercifully ending a persons life in order to_the person from an incurable disease and intolerable suffering.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.liberateB.confineC.rele

3、aseD.apprehend【答案】A【解析】liberate解放,解脫; confine限制; release釋放; apprehend理解,逮捕。句意：安樂(lè)死是一種仁慈地結(jié)束一個(gè)人的生命, 從而使病人從不可醫(yī)治的絕癥和無(wú)法忍受的痛苦中解脫出來(lái)的做法。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。3.單選題The_action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.supremeB.significantC.promptD.vital【答案】C【解析】supreme最高的, 至高的; significant重大的, 有

4、意義的; prompt及時(shí)的, 迅速的; vital至關(guān)重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施, 使得房子里的人免于燒傷。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。4.單選題Libby lied to investigators about his role in disclosing the identity of a CIA officer in order to_the White House from political embarrassment.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.aviateB.recoverC.berateD.insulate【答案】D【解析】aviate飛行； recover重新獲得，恢復(fù)； berate嚴(yán)責(zé)，申斥

5、； insulate使絕緣， 隔離。句意：在揭露一名中情局官員的身份時(shí)，利比向調(diào)查人員隱瞞了自己的任務(wù)， 目的是讓白宮不會(huì)陷人政治困境。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。5.單選題She is one of the few people here I can understand properly, she pronounces all her words so_.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.exactlyB.distinctlyC.distinctivelyD.distinguishably【答案】B【解析】exactly精確地；distinctly明顯地， 清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguish

6、ably可區(qū)別地，辨認(rèn)得出。句意：她是我能聽(tīng)懂的為數(shù)不多的幾個(gè)人之一，她把所有的字都讀得很清楚。由題意可知， 作者強(qiáng)調(diào)此人發(fā)音清晰，故選B。6.寫(xiě)作題Some people think that a sense of competition inchildren should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught toco-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.You should write at least 250 words. Normal

7、 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE You should use your own ideas, knowledge andexperience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.【答案】On competition and cooperationSome people hold the view that competition and cooperation are always in conflict with each other.

8、 But some have different opinions that competition and cooperation are the two indispensable parts of the winners.Competition and cooperation are very common in every field of our life. The Olympic games is the most famous competition all over the world. And employees compete for jobs, for promotion

9、, for customers and for sales, etc. To some extent, competition stimulates peoples interest in work and push the society forward. In our life, we often find that competition goes hand in trend with cooperation. In the sports contest, the victory of the team requires good teamwork, that is, cooperati

10、on. No doubt, we often find there is an inseparable relationship between competition and cooperation. In a football match, either team is competing with other. But each member of the team is cooperating with his teammates.As far as I am concerned, cooperation and competition are both important. They

11、 are attributes which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life. While we advocate competition, we cannot forget cooperation. Human beings are social beings. No one can exist alone in the society. If you want to play the game well, you have to play with others. You cannot pla

12、y single-handed and win. You have to cooperate with your playmates, who may make the social ladder for you to climb to the top. From cooperation we get mutual help and understanding. With cooperation the world is progressing at peace and in harmony.7.單選題Although the examination he passed was not imp

13、ortant, his success_ him in his ambition to become a doctor.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.persuadedB.urgedC.convincedD.encouraged【答案】D【解析】persuaded勸說(shuō)；urged催促， 慫恿；convinced使相信； encouraged激勵(lì)， 鼓舞。句意：雖然這個(gè)考試并不重要，但他的成功極大地鼓舞了他想要成為一名醫(yī)生的理想。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。8.案例題Yoga,the ancient practice of postures, breathing and meditation, is gaining a l

14、ot of attention from the material world that its serious practitioners are trying to escape.Yoga practitioners are trying to keep themselves away from the material world.And no wonder. Americans who practice yoga are often well-educated, have higher-than -average household income and are willing to

15、spend a bit more on so-called green purchases seen as benefiting the environment or society.Its kind of growing out of the crunchy stage of yoga to the Starbucks stage, said Bill Harper, publisher of Yoga Journal. From the videos and the clothes and the toe socks.people are pursuing this market with

16、 a vengeance. A glance through recent issues of his monthly magazine, whose readership has doubled in the past four years to 325,000, illustrates the point. There are four-color ads from the likes of Asics athletic shoes, Eileen fisher apparel and Ford Motor Co. Yoga Journal is now licensing a Russi

17、an edition and preparing to expand in other international markets. Americans spend some $2.95 billion a year on yoga classes, equipment, clothing, holidays, videos and more, according to a study commissioned by the magazine, fuelled in part by ageing baby boomers seeking less aggressive ways to stay

18、 fit.Roughly 16.5 million people were practising yoga in the United States early last year, in studios, gyms or at home, up 43 percent from 2002, the study found.Established sellers of yoga gear such as Hugger Mugger and Gaiam have been flooded with competition in the market for yoga mats, incense,

19、clothing and fancy accoutrements ranging from designer yoga bags to eye pillows.Vancouver, British Columbia-based Lululemon Athletica, for one, has seen sales of its yoga apparel rise to $100 million since Canadian entrepreneur Chip Wilson founded the company in 1998. Customers are snapping up its t

20、rendy pants and tops to wear to class and, increasingly, to the supermarket or out to dinner.Another expanding business, Exhale, markets itself as a mindbodyspa, with tony locations in Los Angeles, New York and other urban areas that combine yoga classes with facials, massage and alternative treatme

21、nts such as acupuncture.Some question how all the consumption is changing a discipline with a strong spiritual foundation.Weve taken this ancient tradition, science, and art of yoga out of a culture and a religion and world view and weve tried to transplant to the other side of the planet, said Judi

22、th Hanson Lasater, a longtime yoga instructor and author who holds a doctorate in East-West psychology. I believe theres not a complete match-up.Even so, several entrepreneurs stressed that they are able to adhere to yogas healing principles while also turning a profit.1.Use three words to describe

23、the practice of yoga.（）2.The large consumption of yoga related products shows that yoga has developed into（ ）.3.Why do baby boomers go for yoga practice?4.Give an example to show that the yoga clothing of Lululemon Athletica is in fashion.（）5.How does Exhale promote its yoga Classes?【答案】1.Postures,

24、breathing and meditation.2.A big market.3.Because they want to seek less aggressive ways to stay fit.4.Customers are snapping up its trendy pants and tops to wear to class and, increasingly, to the supermarket or out to dinner.5.Exhale markets itself as a “mindbodyspa , with tony locations in Los An

25、geles, New York and other urban areas that combine yoga classes with facials, massage and alternative treatments such as acupuncture.【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Yoga,the ancient practice of postures, breathing and meditation,.”瑜伽, 一種古老的體式、呼吸和冥想的練習(xí)。2.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知, 瑜伽相關(guān)用品的大量消費(fèi)表明瑜伽發(fā)展成為了一個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)。3.根據(jù)第六段的最后一句“.fuelled

26、in part by ageing baby boomers seeking less aggressive ways to stay fit.”因?yàn)樗麄儗で蟛荒敲醇みM(jìn)的健身方式。4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Lululemon Athletica”定位到倒數(shù)第五段, 根據(jù)最后一句話可找到答案。5.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第四段可找到答案。9.單選題Activist parents say school kids arent_enough to understand that a fruit-flavored soft drink doesnt have the nutritional benefits of real

27、 fruit.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.adulteratedB.mingledC.sophisticatedD.refined【答案】C【解析】adulterated摻入次級(jí)品的; mingle（使）混合; sophisticated富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，老練的; refine精煉，改善。句意：一些激進(jìn)的父母說(shuō)，學(xué)校里的孩子還不夠成熟，不能理解水果味的軟飲料并不含有水果中所含的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。10.單選題Koizumis annual visits to the notorious shrine have sparked a_of condemnation and protests from China

28、 and the ROK because the shrine honours 14 Class-A war criminals.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.splashB.flurryC.particleD.stain【答案】B【解析】splash污點(diǎn); flurry騷動(dòng), 慌張, a flurry of陣；particle顆粒; stain污點(diǎn), 瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要參拜臭名昭著的神社，引發(fā)了中韓人民的譴責(zé)和抗議，因?yàn)樯裆绻┓钪?4名甲級(jí)戰(zhàn)犯。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。11.單選題The landscape of the American West was dramatically altered durin

29、g the 20th century as a result of the_ construction of dams along major rivers.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.degenerativeB.widespreadC.advancingD.extensive【答案】B【解析】degenerative退化的; widespread分布廣泛的; advancing前進(jìn)的; extensive廣泛的,一般指范圍和內(nèi)容寬泛。句意：由于沿主要河流修建了大量的水壩, 美國(guó)西部的景色在20世紀(jì)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)分布廣泛, 所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。12.單選題Antiwar champion Rep.

30、 John Murtha wants to attach conditions on the impending supplemental_bill to fund the war.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.approbationsB.approximationsC.apprehensionsD.appropriations【答案】D【解析】approbation官方批準(zhǔn), 認(rèn)可; approximation接近,近似值; apprehension理解,恐懼, 逮捕；appropriation挪用,撥款。句意：反戰(zhàn)派共和黨員John Murtha希望對(duì)即將通過(guò)的為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)提供資金的追加撥款法案附加條件。選項(xiàng)D

31、符合句意。13.單選題Since its inception,Pakistan has strived desperately to_India,cultivating ties with any state willing to help it.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.counteractB.counterfeitedC.counterchangeD.counterbalance【答案】A【解析】counteract對(duì)抗, 阻礙, 中和; counterfeit偽造, 假冒; counterchange交換, 調(diào)換; counterbalance 抵消, 平衡。句意：從一開(kāi)始, 巴基斯坦就拼命對(duì)抗印度

32、, 與任何愿意幫助它的國(guó)家建立聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。14.單選題First there was a Washington Post article published shortly after the elections on the presumptive new House speaker, Muted Tones of Quiet Authority：A Look Suited to the Speaker. It offered the information that Pelosis suit was by Giorgio Armanithe Italian master of n

33、eutral tones and modern power dressingand she wore it well. The article at least appeared in the newspapers Style section,but was chockfull of psychoanalytic forays into Pelosis wardrobe choices,asserting that an Armani suit,for a woman, is a tool for playing with the boys without pretending to be o

34、ne. I would wager that Pelosi is one woman who doesnt play around with anyone.Then there was a New York Times article in January in its Thursday Styles section titled Speaking Chic to Power. While noting that Pelosi,barely in her new job a month,had brought the House to votes on a minimum wage incre

35、ase,stem cell research and Medicare drug prices,the article said she did it looking preternaturally fresh, with a wardrobe that .white still subdued and over-reliant on suits, has seldom spruced the halls of Congress.Similar articles appeared in the Baltimore Sun and Chicago Tribune. Mentioned were

36、other women politicians and their fashion choices,such as Sen. Hillary Clintons hair style and preference for black pantsuits or Florida Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultzs haircut. The question is whether focusing on the clothing choices of serious female political players risks rendering them less than

37、 serious. Another question is whether such reports warrant precious space. After all,with rare exceptions,male politicians are seldom scrutinized for their choice of suits.Some reporters and editors havent figured out a way to cover female politicians that doesnt rely on the old stereotypes,says Gai

38、l Dines,sociology and womens studies professor at Wheelock College in Boston.To be a woman politician,you have to strategize and work hard,and yet what matters is what designer youre wearing. Its a way to make women in power less scary, Dines notes.Its putting women into a comfort zone for those who

39、 are still baffled by how to treat strong women.The articles seem a throwback to a time when women were only spouses,not players,says Ruth Mandel, director of the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University. To focus on their attire,the cut of their clothes.is to be in danger of trivializin

40、g who they are,the important role they play and the meaning behind womens advancement to positions of power: That is, were moving to a true democracy of shared leadership.The problem is the media havent quite caught up. A woman who rises to a leadership position at any level is going to dress approp

41、riately, says Kathleen Hall Jamieson, professor at the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania. It underscores her competence and is not a distraction. You take for granted that it would not be worthy of comment any more. Jamieson thinks the underlying motivation for rep

42、orting on female politicians style is the natural news interest in talking about what changes,and men dont look different. There is a uniform for men in power and we all know that it looks like. The only thing to change is the color of the shirt or tie. Because women have greater fashion options,cha

43、nges they make are more obvious and invite analysis. Now that Pelosis uniform has been established, that should be the end of it. Ditto for Clinton. Clinton now has a range of what she wears. Jamieson says. She hasnt been changing hairstyles or her pantsuits. That is our definition of what she wears

44、,and that should end it.Tom Rosenstiel,director of the Project for Excellence in Journalism,thinks reporting that describes women politicians appearance is justified in profiles of them. Female politicians will certainly survive such silly coverage,and some argue the stories are harmless. But these

45、women are role models for young women and offer an alternative to the fashion model and celebrity in setting the standard for female beauty and worth.Dines worries that when the media emphasize the appearance of women,it perpetuates attitudes in the larger world that devalue and limit women. These a

46、re fortunate, privileged women, Dines notes of politicians, but for young women trying to make it in the world, how they look can affect their opportunities. 1.The passage mainly about （ ） .2.Which of the following is NOT true of Pelosi?3.Which of the following is true of male political leaders?4.So

47、me people contend the media （ ） .5.Professor Jamieson believes that （ ） .問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.the captious coverage of powerful women attireB.fashionable women leaders in the USAC.the seriousness of female political playersD.the importance of making powerful women less scary問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.She was covered in the newspaper

48、 fashion section.B.She brought some controversial ideas to vote in the house.C.Her fashion brought an extraordinary freshness in the House.D.She staked on some recreations as the House speaker.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.They trivialize female political leaders by focusing on their attire.B.They are always baffled by ho

49、w to treat women in power.C.They are seldom inspected critically for their style of suits.D.They are politically relevant but dazzlingly charismatic looking.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.pays more on women politicians than their male counterpartsB.sets the women politicians an alternative standard for female beauty and wo

50、rthC.emphasizes the appearance of the women politicians to devaluate themD.is justified to put the clothing choices of women politicians on precious space問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.dressing appropriately of women politicians would not be worthy of comment any moreB.we have the definition of what Sen. Clinton wears,and

51、that should be.end of her style analysisC.no distraction would be earned for those politicians in uniformD.women politicians would like to make changes and invite analysis【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知, 本文主要是講對(duì)有權(quán)勢(shì)的女性穿著所出現(xiàn)的挑剔報(bào)道。選項(xiàng)A正確。2.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知, 選項(xiàng)A, B, C在文中均有提及并且表述正確, 只有選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。3.根據(jù)第三段的

52、最后一句After all,with rare exceptions,male politicians are seldom scrutinized for their choice of suits.幾乎無(wú)一例外地, 很少有人去細(xì)究男政治家們的服裝選擇。所以, 選項(xiàng)C正確。4.根據(jù)最后一段Dines worries that when the media emphasize the appearance of women,it perpetuates attitudes in the larger world that devalue and limit women.當(dāng)媒體強(qiáng)調(diào)女性的外貌時(shí),

53、 這會(huì)在更大范圍內(nèi)使貶低和限制女性的態(tài)度持久化。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Jamieson定位到第六段第三句It underscores her competence and is not a distraction. You take for granted that it would not be worthy of comment any more.它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是她的能力而不是一種娛樂(lè)。你理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為這不再值得評(píng)論。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。15.單選題The chances of infection of BSE or mad-cow disease may be slight, but th

54、at does not stop people_beef en masse.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.shunningB.ignoringC.disregardingD.affronting【答案】A【解析】shun避開(kāi), 避免; ignore不理睬,忽視; disregard漠視; affront公開(kāi)侮辱，冒犯。句意：感染瘋牛病的概率是很小的，但這并不能阻止人們大量食用牛肉。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。16.單選題The workers of space shuttle Discovery got into the back of the shuttle to look for_in the electronics

55、 that send data from the sensors to onboard computers.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.glitchesB.suspectsC.orbitersD.pitches【答案】A【解析】glitch失靈，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盤(pán)旋物，人造衛(wèi)星； pitch斜度。句意：航天飛機(jī)“發(fā)現(xiàn)者”號(hào)上的工作人員們進(jìn)入飛機(jī)的后部，尋找將數(shù)據(jù)從傳感器發(fā)送到機(jī)載計(jì)算機(jī)上的電子設(shè)備的故障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。17.案例題Barbie DollsFlashy clothes, the perfect boyfriend, a Corvette, Ferrari, ful

56、l size apartment with beautiful furniture and a boat. Shes the woman who has everything and every year receives more. Since her introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll may be the most influential icon of American culture in the late twentieth century.（1）. She attracted little girls because of her adul

57、t-like features. Before this, children looked at toys like Yogi Bear, Howdy Doody, and baby dolls for inspiration. With the creation of Barbie, girls now had a new toy to stimulate their imaginations.In the 1950s most women stayed at home, cooking, cleaning and caring for their children; they didnt

58、parade around in tight little skirts and high heels. The Barbie doll represented independence and glamour she could sing solos in the spotlight one minute and pilot an airplane the next. She was exciting and completely different from the clinging Betsy Westsys and Chatty Cathys that little girls wer

59、e used to.In Forever Barbie: the Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll, M G. Lord tells the story of Barbies creators. Ruth Handler, the youngest of ten siblings （同胞）, worked as a stenographer for Paramount Pictures as a young woman. Her husband Elliott designed light fixtures and studied art.（2）. T

60、he Handlers began the factory in their garage but quickly expanded until they had hired a hundred workers who made jewelry and decorative items. World War II shortages of labor soon put them out of business.Despite their first failure, the Handlers didnt give up and, in 1945, they joined with Harold