2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)71

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題My father never gave me（ ） .問題1選項(xiàng)A.many adviceB.many advicesC.much adviceD.a lot of advices【答案】C【解析】advice為不可數(shù)名詞, 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式, many用來修飾可數(shù)名詞, 所以選項(xiàng)C正確。2.單選題To fight against computer crimes, a computer system needs a sure way

2、 of identifying its right users and rejecting those who are not entitled to use it. The identification system should be quick, simple, and convenient.At present, signatures are widely used to identify credit card holders, but it takes an expert to detect a good forgery. Sometimes even a human expert

3、 is fooled, and there is no reason to believe that a computer could do any better,Photographs are also sometimes used for identification. But, people find it inconvenient to stop by a credit-card company and to be photographed. Companies might lose business if they made the pictures under absolute r

4、equirement. Also, photographs are less useful these days, when people frequently change their appearance by changing the way they wear their hair. Finally, computer programs for analyzing photographs are still highly experimental.Cash-drawing systems often use two identification numbers: One is reco

5、rded on a magnetic stripe on the identification cards, and the other is given to the CRS holder. When the user inserts his card into the cash-drawing terminal, he keys in the identification number he has been given. The computer checks to see that the number recorded on the card and the other keyed

6、in by the user refer to the same person.For a long time, fingerprints have provided a method of positive identification. But they suffer from two problems. One is that there is no simple system for comparing fingerprints electronically, the other is that because most people associate being fingerpri

7、nted with being arrested; they most surely would resist being fingerprinted for routine identification.Voiceprints have suggested. With these, the user has only to speak a few words for the computer to analyze his voice. There are no psychological problems here. And technically it s easier to take a

8、nd analyze voiceprints than fingerprints. However, it has yet to be proved that the computer line.Even lipprints have been suggested. But its doubtful that kissing computer will ever catch.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the identification system requirements?2.The most reliable

9、and convenient identification method in present use is_.3.If the technical problems can be worked out, which method is the most promising?4.Which of the following methods is the least psychologically acceptable?5.The passage is organized by_.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Convenience.B.Reliability.C.Low costs.D.Acceptabili

10、ty.問題2選項(xiàng)A.signaturesB.photographsC.fingerprintsD.magnetic stripes問題3選項(xiàng)A.Voiceprints.B.Fingerprints.C.Photographs.D.Signatures.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Photgraphs.B.Lipprints.C.Fingerprints.D.Voiceprints.問題5選項(xiàng)A.a simple listing of factsB.presenting a solution and discussing its advantages or disadvantagesC.cause and e

11、ffectD.comparison and contrast【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:A第4題:C第5題:B【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“The identification system should be quick, simple, and convenient.”識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的要求包括快速、簡單和便捷。只有選項(xiàng)C未提及。2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“At present, signatures are widely used to identify credit card holders, but it takes an expert to detect a good forgery

12、.”由此可知, 簽名存在鑒定困難的問題, 排除A。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“Photographs are also sometimes used for identification. But, people find it inconvenient to stop by a credit card company and to be photographed.”可知照片存在著應(yīng)用不方便的問題, 排除B。根據(jù)第五段“For a long time, fingerprints have provided a method of positive identification. But they su

13、ffer from two problems.”可知, 指紋也存在兩個(gè)問題, 排除C。所以, 本題選D。3.根據(jù)原文可知, 作者在文中提到了幾種識(shí)別方式的各種問題，而且認(rèn)為聲紋比指紋識(shí)別更好，只是由于技術(shù)問題還沒有被開發(fā)出來，由此推斷聲紋將成為最有發(fā)展前景的識(shí)別方式。選項(xiàng)A正確。4.根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“they most surely would resist being fingerprinted for routine identification.”由此可見, 大部分人將取指紋與被捕聯(lián)系起來, 他們肯定不會(huì)為了例行的身份鑒定而接受指紋鑒定。因此, 從心理上講, 最不能接受的是取指紋。5

14、.本題考察行文思路, 文章在首段提出計(jì)算機(jī)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的基本原則, 然后分別分析幾種不同識(shí)別方法的利弊。也就是說, 本題是通過提出一個(gè)解決辦法然后進(jìn)行利弊分析的方式來展開的。因此, 選項(xiàng)B正確。3.單選題A good many houses _ knocked down by the earthquake.問題1選項(xiàng)A.wasB.wereC.isD.are【答案】B【解析】考查主謂一致。a good many接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 所以后面的謂語應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)。首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C。本句時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí), 所以選項(xiàng)B正確。4.單選題While some office jobs would seem （ ） to

15、many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.問題1選項(xiàng)A.hostileB.tediousC.fantasticD.courageous【答案】B【解析】hostile敵對的, 充滿敵意的；tedious單調(diào)乏味的；fantastic極好的；courageous勇敢的。根據(jù)句意可知, 填空處應(yīng)該是和下文提到的刺激, 令人興奮和令人滿意相反意義的詞。所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。5.單選題Usually newspapers （ ） for people with intelle

16、ctual interests.問題1選項(xiàng)A.suitB.furnishC.regardD.cater【答案】D【解析】caterfor為固定搭配, 指迎合., 其他三個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)都是及物動(dòng)詞, 不能直接跟介詞for。句意：人口稠密的地區(qū)是傳染病的滋生地。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。6.單選題Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, he box was full of crockery, much of it （ ） .問題1選項(xiàng)A.breakB.to breakC.breakingD.broken【答案】D【解析】句意：除了一柄式樣別致、雕有花紋的匕

17、首外, 貨箱內(nèi)裝滿陶器, 而且大部分都已破碎。分詞作狀語, 花瓶應(yīng)該是被打碎的, 所以用broken。7.單選題John often sits in a small bar, drinking and smoking considerably more （ ） .問題1選項(xiàng)A.than that he is healthyB.than good for his healthC.than his health couldD.than is good for his health【答案】D【解析】句意：他坐在一個(gè)小酒吧里喝酒吸煙, 在思考著什么是對他的健康更有好處的。這里實(shí)際上在than的后面省略

18、了關(guān)系代詞what。8.單選題Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become （ ） at many survival skills.問題1選項(xiàng)A.proficientB.persistentC.consistentD.sufficient【答案】A【解析】proficient精通的,熟練的;persistent持續(xù)的;consistent連續(xù)的, 一致的;sufficient足夠的。句意：嚴(yán)重殘疾的人也能夠掌握很多生存證明, 比爾就是其中的例證。9.單選題The basic causes are unknown,

19、 although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ） .問題1選項(xiàng)A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identified識(shí)別, 辨認(rèn);guaranteed保證;notified通知, 告知;conveyed傳達(dá)。句意：盡管一些可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥的條件已經(jīng)得到確認(rèn), 但最根本的原因還不知道。10.單選題（ ） more important, not only the lost cities were recovered, but the new ci

20、ties were built.問題1選項(xiàng)A.That isB.It isC.BecauseD.What is【答案】D【解析】句意：更重要的是, 不僅找回了丟失的城市, 而且建造了新的城市。11.單選題The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expected increased tax （ ） .問題1選項(xiàng)A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validity【答案】B【解析】efficiency

21、效率;revenue收入, 稅收;privilege特權(quán), 特免;validity有效性, 合法性。句意：城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃局表示, 下一年的財(cái)政前景是樂觀的, 他們期望能夠增加稅收收入。 12.單選題After the collision, he examined the considerable （ ） to his car.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ruinB.destructionC.damageD.injury【答案】C【解析】ruin毀壞；destruction破壞；damage損害；injury傷害。句意：撞車后, 他檢查了車的損壞程度。選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。13.單選題Planning our voca

22、tion we must take the frequent （ ） of the weather into consideration.問題1選項(xiàng)A.transformationB.transmissionC.transactionD.transition【答案】A【解析】transformation轉(zhuǎn)化, 轉(zhuǎn)換；transmission傳遞。傳播；transaction交易；transition過渡。句意：計(jì)劃假期的時(shí)候, 我們必須把變化莫測的天氣考慮進(jìn)去。14.單選題The commander said to his troops that under no circumstances

23、（ ） to step across the border.問題1選項(xiàng)A.the enemy should be allowedB.should the enemy be allowedC.should allow the enemyD.the enemy should allow【答案】B【解析】考查倒裝。帶有否定意義的短語，其主謂部分要倒裝，首先向排除選項(xiàng)A和D。不被允許表被動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：指揮官對他的部隊(duì)說，在任何情況下都不允許敵人跨越邊境。15.單選題School started on a_ cold day in February.問題1選項(xiàng)A.severeB.bitter

24、C.suchD.frozen【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。severe嚴(yán)峻的，劇烈的，苛刻的；bitter痛苦的，尖刻的；such這樣的，如此的；frozen凍結(jié)的；冷酷的。bitter修飾cold，為常用搭配，表示“嚴(yán)寒的”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。16.單選題She took him （ ） and led him across the road.問題1選項(xiàng)A.by his handB.by the handC.with handD.with the hand【答案】B【解析】take sb. by the hand為習(xí)慣搭配, 意為牽著某人的手。17.單選題I must take this w

25、atch to be repaired: it （ ） over twenty minutes a day.問題1選項(xiàng)A.increasesB.progressesC.acceleratesD.gains【答案】D【解析】increases增加, 增大；progresses進(jìn)展, 進(jìn)步；accelerates加速, 促進(jìn)；gains獲得, 增加, 在這里指鐘表走得太快, 相當(dāng)于move too fast。句意：我必須把這塊表拿去修理, 它每天要多走二十多分鐘。18.單選題There were 150_ at the international conference this summer.問題

26、1選項(xiàng)A.spectatorsB.viewersC.participantsD.onlookers【答案】C【解析】名詞辨析。spectator觀眾，旁觀者；viewer觀察者，觀看者；participant參與者；onlooker旁觀者，觀眾。句意：今年夏季的國際會(huì)議有150名與會(huì)者。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。 19.單選題The simple wooden house sits in an unremarkable old neighborhood in an Osaka suburb, the kind of place people forget still exists in modem Ja

27、pan. There are no pachinko parlors or cyber cafesno shops of any kind, really. Its an unlikely place to encounter the next version of Japans technological evolution. But listen to what happens when a gray-haired septuagenarian named Kazuko Komiyama returns after visiting friends, Welcome home, a voi

28、ce chirps. Isnt it a nice day?”The high-pitched greeting belongs to a robot. Its a simple machine, to be sure. This isnt a thoughtful robotic character like those found in a Star Wars movie, or like Japans own popular creation Astro Boy. But its a robot nonetheless: a chocolate-brown wombat that eve

29、ntually will be able, to flutter its eyes when Komiyama, 77, enters the room and giggle when she scratches its fuzzy little head. It tells her what the weather is like. It reminds her when its time to take her medicine. It sings sweet songs to her.For Komiyama, a mechanical companion is a guard agai

30、nst the dreadful loneliness many elderly Japanese must endure. She saw one such tragic story on a TV news show recently. “An old mans death went unnoticed because he lived alone,” she says. “Day after day, his diary read, I didnt meet anybody today. Again. I dont want to end up like that.” So when w

31、elfare workers from the Osaka suburb of Ikeda asked for volunteers to test the prototype of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.s pet robot, she jumped at the chance. She keeps the robot sitting in her living room. After a month, shes starting to warm-up to the thing, despite one irritating habit “It

32、speaks with a childish voice,” she complains. “That makes me feel like Im treated as an old person. I would rather have an equal relationship with a robot.”This is modem Japan, a Gizmo Nation where even grandmothers make friends with their gadgets. For half a century, the Japanese have made it a cul

33、tural mission to turn out a succession of cool, elegant and increasingly human machines. And what machines they have become: robotic geishas; headgear that projects computer screens in midair in front of wearers eyes; toilets that measure a persons weight, body fat and urine sugar levels. The countr

34、y that gave the world transistor radios, the Walkman and hand-held video games is now positioned to turn its love of gadgetry into a profitable national enterprise once again.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.Who giggles after Komiyama comes into the room according to the passage?3.W

35、e can infer from the third paragraph that nowadays many old people in Japan are （ ） .4.The phrase warm-up to in the third paragraph can be most likely replaced by（ ） .5.Which of the following is not mentioned as one of the roles the robots can play?問題1選項(xiàng)A.it is impossible for people to find high-tec

36、h robots in a simple wooden houseB.it is easy for people to think of a simple wooden house in the modem JapanC.Komiyama usually goes to a coffee restaurant to release her lonelinessD.Komiyama has a mechanical companion whose voice is very sharp and short問題2選項(xiàng)A.The old woman Komiyama herself.B.Komiya

37、mas fantastic pet robotC.A mechanical companion in Star Wars.D.A naughty Japans creation Astro Boy.問題3選項(xiàng)A.treated as old personsB.very lonely in their lifeC.enjoying themselvesD.not taken good care of問題4選項(xiàng)A.become warmer and warmerB.prepare fora game with the robotC.start to like or be friendly with

38、D.approach to or come up to問題5選項(xiàng)A.Helpful instruments.B.Friendly companions.C.Entertaining machines.D.Instructive educators【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:B第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句“Its an unlikely place to encounter the next version of Japans technological evolution. ”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B,C,D都與原文不符。2.根據(jù)第二段的一二三句“The high-

39、pitched greeting belongs to a robot.選項(xiàng)A首先排除。Its a simple machine, to be sure. This isnt a thoughtful robotic character like those found in a Star Wars movie, or like Japans own popular creation Astro Boy.”既不是星球大戰(zhàn)里的機(jī)器人, 也不是日本人創(chuàng)造的阿童木, 所以排除選項(xiàng)C和D。3.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“For Komiyama, a mechanical companion is a gua

40、rd against the dreadful loneliness many elderly Japanese must endure.”可知, 選項(xiàng)B日本的老人都很孤獨(dú), 符合原文。4.根據(jù)原文, 老人把機(jī)器人放在客廳, 一個(gè)月后, 開始慢慢的接受它。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。5.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知, 只有選項(xiàng)D有益的教育工作者, 在文中沒有被提及, 其他的均提到了。20.單選題The Space Age （ ） in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ini

41、tiatedB.embarkedC.originatedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】initiate啟動(dòng), 開始, 發(fā)起；embark上飛機(jī), 上船;originated起源于, 產(chǎn)生;commence開始, 著手, 獲得學(xué)位, 既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。句意為, 自第一顆人造衛(wèi)星由蘇聯(lián)于1957年10月發(fā)射升空起, 太空時(shí)代開始了。因此, 本題選D。21.單選題I dont think he is to blame, （ ） ?問題1選項(xiàng)A.do IB.is heC.isnt heD.does he【答案】B【解析】復(fù)合反意疑問句中, 主句是I think, I suppo

42、se, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等時(shí), 對that從句中主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系提問, 所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D。還要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移的情況, 所以選項(xiàng)B正確。 22.單選題She agreed to take the naughty boy along （ ） he behaved himself.問題1選項(xiàng)A.whetherB.thatC.providedD.in case【答案】C【解析】句意：她同意把那個(gè)淘氣的男孩帶走,只要他聽話就行。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。23.單選題The heavily populated area was a breeding place

43、 for （ ） diseases.問題1選項(xiàng)A.infectiousB.powerfulC.influentialD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】infectious傳染的；powerful強(qiáng)大的；influential有影響力的；suspicious可疑的。句意：人口稠密的地區(qū)是傳染病的滋生地。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。24.單選題I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his （ ） .問題1選項(xiàng)A.candidateB.op

44、ponentC.alternativeD.participant【答案】B【解析】candidate候選人, 候補(bǔ)者；opponent對手；alternative替代者；participant參與者。句意：我認(rèn)為Jones沒有機(jī)會(huì)贏得選舉。城里幾乎所有的人都把票投給他的對手了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。25.翻譯題Translate the following sentences into English.人們必須通過對現(xiàn)象的分析和研究, 才能了解到事實(shí)的本質(zhì), 因此需要科學(xué)。我們現(xiàn)在面臨的所有重大世界性問題中最重要的問題就是人口對土地和土地資源的壓力正在迅速增長。受到這么多挫折和失敗, 他比以前聰明多

45、了, 這次任務(wù)他一定會(huì)完成得很好的。沒有農(nóng)業(yè), 人們就不能生存, 社會(huì)生產(chǎn)就不能繼續(xù)下去, 因此, 農(nóng)業(yè)作為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)必須得到足夠重視。這件事的發(fā)生不是由于我們的過錯(cuò), 而是由于你的疏忽大意?！敬鸢浮縊nly through the analysis and study of the phenomenon can human understand the nature of the fact, therefore, science is needed.The population pressure on land and land resources is growing rapidly,

46、 which is the most important one among all the major world problems we are facing.Suffering from so many setbacks and failures, he has become wiser and can finish this task well.People will neither exist nor can production proceed without agriculture. Therefore, as the basis of the national economy,

47、 we must pay more attention to the agriculture.The occurrence of this matter is caused by your carelessness, not by our fault.26.翻譯題Translate the following sentences into English.新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說：“簡而言之, 我們所謂的科學(xué)革命, 主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用, 而這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展無所不及。”自由和尊嚴(yán)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的, 是要求一個(gè)人對自己的行為負(fù)責(zé), 并因其業(yè)績而給予肯

48、定的必不可少的前提。很顯然, 我們已然摒棄了 “父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及為使女孩們守身如玉而將她們深鎖閨中的農(nóng)業(yè)習(xí)俗。現(xiàn)在我們被迫從那種以人們之間相互猜忌和敵視為標(biāo)志的關(guān)系躍進(jìn)到一個(gè)人們之間必須相互尊重和理解的世界。同樣地, 語言之所以有價(jià)值是因?yàn)槿藗兂姓J(rèn)它是思維的符號(hào), 是人與人之間傳輸思想的媒介?！敬鸢浮緼 leader from the new school insisted on that “the so-called scientific revolution can be briefly explained as the improvement, invention and

49、 application of series of equipment, which in turn provides an omnipotent scientific development. ”Freedom and dignity are possessed by self-reliant people in the range of traditional theory, and they both serve essential prerequisites for responsibilities to what they have behaved and appraisal to

50、what they have performed.Obviously, we have abandoned the marriage that arranged by parents and matchmakers and also the corrupted custom in agricultural period that girls are confined in their chambers for virginity.Now we are forced to leap forward to the world that demands mutual respect and unde

51、rstandings from relations that featured by mutual suspicion and hostility.Similarly, the reason why languages possess with their own values is that, as people have acknowledged, they are symbols of thoughts and also media for thought exchanges.27.單選題A child who has once been pleased with a tale like

52、s, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the indi

53、vidual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulse. To prove the letter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories

54、were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impresses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of

55、children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the g

56、rounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confes

57、s, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy

58、 story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.1.According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to （ ）.2.In the second-paragraph, which statement best expresses the authors attitude towards fairy stories?3.Accordin

59、g to the author, fairy stories are most likely to （ ） .4.If the child has heard some horror story for more than once, according to the author, he would probably be （ ） .5.The authors mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize that （ ） .問題1選項(xiàng)A.tell it in a creative wayB.take from it

60、what the child likesC.add to it whatever at handD.read it out of the story book問題2選項(xiàng)A.He sees in them the worst of human nature.B.He regards them as more of a benefit than harms.C.He dislikes everything about them.D.He is expectant of the experimental results.問題3選項(xiàng)A.make children aggressive the whol