2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號82

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.問題1選項(xiàng)A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preside“主持，指揮”，為不及物動詞，后面常接over；B選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹”；C選項(xiàng)chair“擔(dān)任主席，主持(會議、討論

2、等)”，為及物動詞；D選項(xiàng)dominate“支配，控制”。句意：經(jīng)理出差了，我被要求主持每周的員工會議。2.單選題A newly developed robot that can show its emotions by smiling or frowning may one day help computer users talk as quickly and easily to machine_with other people.問題1選項(xiàng)A.such as they now talkB.like they now talkC.as much as they now doD.as they

3、 now do【答案】D【解析】考查比較級。在as.as.引導(dǎo)的同級比較中，第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.+as。根據(jù)quickly and easily可知選D。句意：一種新開發(fā)的機(jī)器人可以通過微笑或皺眉頭來表達(dá)自己的情感，也許有一天它能幫助計(jì)算機(jī)用戶像現(xiàn)在一樣快速、方便地與機(jī)器交流。3.單選題Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today.By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowl

4、edge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labor force) will choose “flextime, flexplace” arrangements, which allow them to work home, communicating with the office via computer networks.In the United States, the so-called “digital divide see

5、ms to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to dag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.C

6、ompany-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behind.80% of US homes will have computers in 2005, com

7、pared with roughly 50% now. In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many hig

8、h school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries

9、in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Websites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the edu

10、cation needed to build a productive life in an increasingly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity.Even entry-level workers and those i

11、n formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education. For a good career in almost any field, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role in todays work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is bec

12、oming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.1. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT_.2. “digital divide” in the 4th paragraph refers to_.3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?4. Which of the following areas

13、is NOT discussed in the passage?5. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize _in an increasingly high-tech world.問題1選項(xiàng)A.American management personnelB.European management personnelC.American peoples choice of careerD.traditional practice at work問題2選項(xiàng)A.the gap in terms of computer owne

14、rshipB.the tendency of computer ownershipC.the dividing line based on digitsD.the ethnic distinction among American households問題3選項(xiàng)A.By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.B.By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.

15、C.By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.D.By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Future careers.B.Nature of future work.C.Ethnic differences.D.Schools and libraries.問題5選項(xiàng)A.the variety of educationB.the content of educationC.

16、the need for educationD.the function of education【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:A第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段中的By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.（到2005年，美國83%的管理人員將成為知識型員工。歐洲和日本緊跟其后）與A、B選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)；第七段中的In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-g

17、rowing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related.（在美國，從現(xiàn)在到2005年10個(gè)發(fā)展最快的職業(yè)中，有5個(gè)是與計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)的）與C選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)。通過排除法排除A、B、C選項(xiàng)，因此選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly（一半的白人家庭擁有電腦，43%的非裔美國家庭

18、擁有電腦，而且他們的數(shù)量正在迅速增長）可知“digital divide”指的是擁有電腦方面的差距，因此選A。3.推理判斷題。由文章第八段中的By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning.（到2005年，幾乎所有的大學(xué)課本和許多高中和初中書籍都

19、將與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)站聯(lián)系在一起，這些網(wǎng)站提供資源、練習(xí)和相關(guān)的新聞文章，以幫助學(xué)習(xí)）可知互聯(lián)網(wǎng)知識作為輔助一種輔助工具，因此A選項(xiàng)表述不正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第七段中的In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related.（在美國，從現(xiàn)在到2005年10個(gè)發(fā)展最快的職業(yè)中，有5個(gè)是與計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)的）與A選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)。第四段中的where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43

20、% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly（一半的白人家庭擁有電腦，43%的非裔美國家庭擁有電腦，而且他們的數(shù)量正在迅速增長）與C選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)；倒數(shù)第四段中的Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005.（到2005年，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)鏈接將提供世界上所有主要圖書館的卡片目錄） 與D選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)。通過排除法排除A、C、D選項(xiàng)，因此選B。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)

21、題。由文章最后一段中的Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education.（即使是初級工人和以前非技術(shù)性職位的工人也需要越來越高的教育水平）可知選C。4.單選題In the next few years major changes will be （）in Chinas industries.問題1選項(xiàng)A.brought forwardB.brought upC.brought onD.brought about【答案】D【解析】考查詞組搭

22、配。A選項(xiàng)brought forward提前，提出；B選項(xiàng)brought up提出，養(yǎng)育；C選項(xiàng) brought on導(dǎo)致，引起，使發(fā)展；D選項(xiàng)brought about導(dǎo)致，帶來，產(chǎn)生。bring on是指事情己經(jīng)告一段落又再次被引起，而bring about則指事情被從頭引起；根據(jù)句意“在接下來的幾年中，中國的工業(yè)將發(fā)生巨大的變化”，因此，因此，D項(xiàng)更符合題意。5.單選題_ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White

23、 has been as unpopularC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular as white has been【答案】D【解析】語法題。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，一般將形容詞，名詞等提前，使用部分倒裝。A、B、C選項(xiàng)語序錯誤。 D選項(xiàng)符合部分倒裝形式，將表語提前。因此，本題正確答案為D 項(xiàng)。句意：盡管白色禮服在過去并不流行，但是現(xiàn)在卻是最為流行的婚紗顏色。6.單選題Cultural_indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to anothe

24、r.問題1選項(xiàng)A.translationB.transitionC.transmissionD.transaction【答案】C【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)translation“翻譯”；B選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)變，變遷”；C選項(xiàng)transmission“傳播，傳遞”；D選項(xiàng)transaction“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”。根據(jù)hand their languages down from one generation to another可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：文化傳播意味著人類將他們的語言代代相傳。7.單選題How we look and how we appear to others pro

25、bably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a cer

26、tain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way a

27、s he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes conven

28、ience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American

29、hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion.

30、 After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. Th

31、e popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview fo

32、r a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no o

33、ne else does either!1. The author thinks that people are_.2. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to_.3. Causes of fashions are_.4. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes_.5. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.satisfied with their

34、appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion問題2選項(xiàng)A.confidence in lifeB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.individual hair styleD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion問題3選項(xiàng)A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexp

35、licable問題4選項(xiàng)A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality問題5選項(xiàng)A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Few of us

36、are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我們中很少有人滿足于接受自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人敢忽視時(shí)尚潮流）可知C選項(xiàng)“很難忽視時(shí)尚”符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我們將能夠充滿信心地認(rèn)識新的人

37、，并且能夠自信地、毫不尷尬地處理每一件事）可知時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告將時(shí)尚與人的自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（有時(shí)是方便或?qū)嶋H需要，或僅僅是一個(gè)有影響力的人的幻想就能建立起一種時(shí)尚）可知導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚變化的原因是多變的，因此選B。4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like every

38、one else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（不再需要像其他人那樣穿衣服了。在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿自己喜歡的衣服，也可以用你喜歡的方式做頭發(fā)，而不是你應(yīng)該做的樣子，因?yàn)檫@是時(shí)尚）可知當(dāng)今社會更尊重個(gè)人選擇，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性化，因此選D。5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important

39、 in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹(jǐn)慎地選擇我們的衣服）可知A選項(xiàng)“在正式場合下需要注意外貌形象”符合題意。8.單選題Her dairy was full of the insignificant, happy daily that had made up her life.問題1選項(xiàng)A.pursuitsB.triflesC.trivialD.premise【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)pursuits n.追求；B選項(xiàng)tri

40、fles n.瑣事，雞毛蒜皮的；C選項(xiàng)trivial adj.不重要的，瑣碎的；D選項(xiàng)premise n.假定，前提。根據(jù)句意可知，她的日記中記載著許多微不足道卻又快樂的生活瑣事。因此，正確答案為B項(xiàng)。9.單選題They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to yield to fatigue in stressful jobs.問題1選項(xiàng)A.to succumb to being tiredB.to sustain the fatigueC.to endure the long strainD.to

41、 expose them to the risks【答案】A【解析】本題考查短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)to succumb to being tired屈服于疲勞；B選項(xiàng)to sustain the fatigue 維持疲勞；C選項(xiàng) to endure the long strain 承受長期壓力；D選項(xiàng)to expose them to the risks 暴露在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下。句意：他們很好地利用了現(xiàn)有時(shí)間，不會輕易地因充滿壓力的工作弄得疲勞不堪。因此，等同于to yield to fatigue“屈服疲勞”的選項(xiàng)是A項(xiàng)。10.單選題Most of us are taught to pay attentio

42、n to what is said the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we asso

43、ciate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention t

44、o what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before Ill buy.” The owner says, “Its been like that for years.” Actually, the step hasnt been like that for yea

45、rs, but the unspoken message is: “I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs

46、 can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavio

47、r. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials o

48、f charges like “Youre dumb/ “Youre lazy,” and “Youre dishonest,” may also say “NoP and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is And youre good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has been nice to have you over,” can be said with

49、emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it

50、assumes.1. Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners if_.2. “Im letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means_.3. The house-owners example shows that he actually means_.4. Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if_.5. The word “r

51、itualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done_.問題1選項(xiàng)A.they use proper words to carry their ideasB.they both speak truly of their own feelingsC.they try to understand each others ideas beyond wordsD.they are capable of associating meaning with their words問題2選項(xiàng)A.Im just calling your atte

52、ntionB.Pm just kiddingC.Pm just saying the oppositeD.Im just giving off some sound問題3選項(xiàng)A.the step has been like that for yearsB.he doesnt think it necessary to fix the stepC.the condition of the step is only a minor faultD.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared問題4選項(xiàng)A.linked to an abnormal

53、amount of assertivenessB.seen as ones habitual pattern of behaviorC.taken as part of an ordering sequenceD.expressed to a series of charges問題5選項(xiàng)A.without true intentionB.light-heartedlyC.in a way of ceremonyD.with less emphasis【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Words do provide us with

54、 some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone.（言語的確為我們提供了一些信息，但其意思是從如此多的其它來源中獲取出來的，以至于過于依賴言語將阻礙我們與其他人交流的效果）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們能把自己的言語與意思聯(lián)系起來”符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Sometimes our words

55、 dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.”（有時(shí)我們的言語并沒有什么意思，除了“我正在宣泄情緒。 我實(shí)際上不想讓你仔細(xì)聽我說的話，而是注意我的感受”外）可知A選項(xiàng)“我只是提醒你注意”符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章一段中的Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years,

56、but the unspoken message is: “I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?”（事實(shí)上，這個(gè)臺階已經(jīng)有好幾年不是這樣的了，但暗含的信息是：“我不想修復(fù)它。我們能忍受它。你為什么不能忍受它了？）可知B選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為沒必要修臺階”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“有些反應(yīng)和行為可能看起來非常不合邏輯，但如果，是合理的”。根據(jù)第二段第五句A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was prec

57、eded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness.（一個(gè)朋友的異常溫順的行為，也許只能通過注意到它是以需要異常自信的情境為前提才能被理解）和第六句 Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic.（有些反應(yīng)可能直接與反應(yīng)的發(fā)展模式有關(guān)，而且不符合邏輯）可推斷，如果要理解有些反應(yīng)和行為，那么就需要注意到之前發(fā)生的事件的情況，所以C項(xiàng)“作為有序的續(xù)發(fā)事件的一部分”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“與

58、一定反常程度的自信有關(guān)”，表述不夠全面；B項(xiàng)“被視為一個(gè)人的習(xí)慣性行為模式”，文中沒有提到習(xí)慣性行為；D項(xiàng)“表達(dá)了一系列指控”在文中只是舉例說明，D項(xiàng)不選。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。5.詞義題?！皉itual（儀式，慣例）”為副詞ritualistically的名詞形式，故ritualistically表述“儀式地”，因此選C。11.單選題Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the i

59、ncome to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less f

60、irmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role c