初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.定義：動(dòng)詞除在句子中作謂語(yǔ)之外，還具出名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，這就是動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？煞譃槿N：動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞。2.動(dòng)詞不定式：to+動(dòng)詞原形(在某些狀況下能夠不帶to)。(沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，能夠有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，能夠有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化)1一般式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：todo,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：tobe+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生2進(jìn)行式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：tobedoing,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：無(wú)(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生)3達(dá)成式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：tohave+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

2、態(tài)：tohavebeen+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作以前就發(fā)生)4用法：作主語(yǔ)：Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=Itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.B.作表語(yǔ)：Themostimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.C.作賓語(yǔ)：a.動(dòng)詞+todo.Hedecidedtobuyanewwatch.(agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love,plan,try,start,afford)動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+todoIdontknowwheretop

3、utthebike.動(dòng)詞+形式賓語(yǔ)(it)+賓補(bǔ)+todoIfinditimportanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+todoTomaskedmetoshowhimthenewshoes.(tell,wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,allow,encourage)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的動(dòng)詞HeoftensawTomplayfootball.(see,hear,feel,watch,notice,have,make,let)-1-作狀語(yǔ)：表示目的：HewenttoGuangzhoutoseehissons.Hegot

4、upearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.表示結(jié)果：Heistootiredtowalkanyfarther.Theyarentoldenoughtogotoschool.表示原由：Heissorrytohearthat.Iamgladtoseeyou.F作.定語(yǔ)：Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Iwanttobuysomethingtoeat.5動(dòng)詞不定式to的省略：A.在感官動(dòng)詞feel,hear,see,watch,notice及使役動(dòng)詞have,let,make等后邊要省to，但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要復(fù)原不定式to。Ioftensawhimgoouto

5、ftheroom.-Hewasoftenseentogooutoftheroombyme.B.在hadbetter,wouldrather,donothingbut等后邊常省to。6動(dòng)詞不定式的否認(rèn)形式：not+todo，有時(shí)也能夠用-never+todo構(gòu)造。3.動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)詞原形+ing。具出名詞、動(dòng)詞一些特點(diǎn)。1一般式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：doing，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：being+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生或今后發(fā)生)2達(dá)成式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：having+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：havingbeen+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)以前就發(fā)生)Childrene

6、njoywatchinganimatedcartoon.Idontrememberhavingeverseenthefilm.3動(dòng)名詞的否認(rèn)形式：not+動(dòng)名詞(v-ing)Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.4用法：A.作主語(yǔ)：a.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)假如太長(zhǎng)，能夠用形式主語(yǔ)it取代。LearningEnglishisveryimportant.-ItsveryimportanttolearnEnglish.b.No+動(dòng)名詞表示嚴(yán)禁。Nosmoking,Noparking.作賓語(yǔ)：Hefinisheddoinghishomework.作表語(yǔ)：Hisfavouritesporti

7、splayingbasketball.-2-D.作定語(yǔ)：shoppingbasket,finishingline.(表示名詞的用途、功能等)E.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合構(gòu)造：名詞全部格、形容詞物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞。Doyoumindmy/WeiFangsopeningthewindow?4.分詞：動(dòng)詞原形+ing。擁有形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞一些特點(diǎn)。(可分為此刻分詞、過(guò)去分詞)此刻分詞1一般式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：doing，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：being+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生)2達(dá)成式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：having+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：havingbeen+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

8、的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)以前就發(fā)生)3動(dòng)名詞的否認(rèn)形式：not+動(dòng)名詞(v-ing)Nounderstandingthemeaningofthewords,hecouldntexplainthesentence.4用法：A.作表語(yǔ)。Theresultissurprising.B.作定語(yǔ)。Developingcountry(主謂關(guān)系)sleepingboy(boy所做的動(dòng)作)作狀語(yǔ)。Passingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.=whenhewaspassingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.作賓補(bǔ)。Ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.過(guò)去分詞1形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+ed，和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。2過(guò)去分詞的否認(rèn)形式：not+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。3用法：A.作表語(yǔ)：Mybikeisbroken.Heisveryworried.B.作定語(yǔ)：developedcountry,fallenleaves,spokenEnglish.-3-作狀語(yǔ)：Askedwh