高一英語(yǔ)單元單詞短語(yǔ)句型知識(shí)梳理Unit8大綱人教版第一冊(cè)

1、Unit8理解：要點(diǎn)講解單詞講：v.使作好準(zhǔn)備；把預(yù)備好；防范；準(zhǔn)備常有搭配有:+sth./sb.(forsb./sth.)；+forsth.；+todosth.preparationn.準(zhǔn)備例：Thewholeclassisworkinghardpreparingfortheexam.全班都在用功準(zhǔn)備考試。Iwaspreparingtoleave.我正準(zhǔn)備走開(kāi)。Hewasinthekitchenpreparinglunch.他在廚房做午飯。Wemadepreparationstomovetonewoffices.我們已準(zhǔn)備好搬到新辦公室。Thecountryismakingpreparati

2、onsforwar.這個(gè)國(guó)家正在進(jìn)行備戰(zhàn)。鏈接拓展(1)inpreparation(for)（為）準(zhǔn)備(2)beprepared(forsth.)準(zhǔn)備好；有所準(zhǔn)備(3)bepreparedtodo愿意練：Hi,Mary,whatareyoudoingthesedaysIam_theexamination.forforto提示:采納A項(xiàng)，句意為:我正在為考試作準(zhǔn)備；采納據(jù)問(wèn)句判斷，應(yīng)該用表示動(dòng)作的A項(xiàng)。答案:AC項(xiàng)，句意為:我為考試準(zhǔn)備好了。依講：v.指；指向；瞄準(zhǔn)；對(duì)著；朝向看法；論點(diǎn)；要點(diǎn)；要點(diǎn)；目的；企圖；時(shí)刻；關(guān)頭；得分；小數(shù)點(diǎn)例：Shepointed(herfinger)inmydir

3、ection.她（用手指）指向我這個(gè)方向。Hepointedthegunatherhead.他舉槍瞄準(zhǔn)她的頭。Iwishshewouldgettothepointandtelluswhatshewantsustodo.我希望她能快點(diǎn)說(shuō)正題，告訴我們她要我們做什么。Theclimberwasat/onthepointofdeathwhentheyfoundhim.當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)登山者時(shí)，他已氣味奄奄。Australiafinished20pointsahead.澳大利亞隊(duì)終局當(dāng)先20分。鏈接拓展(1)tothepoint簡(jiǎn)短合適；簡(jiǎn)短中肯Theletterwasshortandtothepoin

4、t.這封信簡(jiǎn)短簡(jiǎn)要。(2)tothepointof(doing)sth.達(dá)到某種程度；近乎Hewasrudetothepointofbeingaggressive.他莽撞到蠻不講理的程度。(3)uptoapoint在某種程度上Iagreewithyouuptoapoint.我在某種程度上贊成你的看法。(4)pointout指（給某人）看；（向某人）指出Ishouldpointoutthatnotoneofthesepaintingsisoriginal.我應(yīng)該指出，這些畫(huà)中沒(méi)有一幅是真跡。練：Wemustfigureouthowtosolvetheproblemassoonas,wehaven

5、tgotmuchtime.atthespotanideatothepointtoanend提示:gettothepoint意為“快點(diǎn)說(shuō)正題，直入主題”。答案:C講：v.把交給；提出；恩賜；顯示；表現(xiàn)；引起；構(gòu)成n.當(dāng)前；此刻；禮品；禮品adj.當(dāng)前的；此刻的；出席的；出席的例：Shepresentedherideaforanewproductatthelastsalesmeeting.在前一次營(yíng)銷(xiāo)會(huì)上她提出了開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的想法。Theteacherswerepresentinguswithapictureofhistory.老師們正向我們描述一幅歷史畫(huà)面。Youvegottoforgetthep

6、astandstartlivinginthepresent.你必定忘掉過(guò)去，開(kāi)始此刻的生活。Whoisthepresentownerofthehouse誰(shuí)是此刻的房主Hewasntpresentatmybirthdayparty.他沒(méi)參加我的壽辰晚會(huì)。Therewere200peoplepresentatthemeeting.有200人出席會(huì)議。鏈接提示(1)atthepresenttime=atpresent當(dāng)前Wedonthaveanymoreinformationatthepresenttime.當(dāng)前我們沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步的信息。(2)forthepresent就當(dāng)前來(lái)說(shuō)；暫時(shí)Hisnamees

7、capedfrommylipsforthepresent.我一時(shí)想不起他的名字。(3)uptothepresent直到此刻；到此刻Hehasntreceivedanybirthdaypresentsuptothepresent.到當(dāng)前為止，他還充公到任何壽辰禮品。練：Thishabitishardtoform_,butinthelongrun,itwilldoyougood.futurepresentpresentthepresent提示:inthelongrun意思是“終究”。如:Honestywillpayinthelongrun.(誠(chéng)實(shí)終究會(huì)獲得報(bào)償。)A項(xiàng)不能夠與后半句形成比較，故消除

8、；C、D項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。全句意思是:這種習(xí)慣當(dāng)前不簡(jiǎn)單形成，但是它終究對(duì)你會(huì)有好處。答案:B短語(yǔ)fouryears講：every與數(shù)詞連用，表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔。(1)every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“每隔”；2)every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞，意為“每第”。例：Igothereeverythreedays.每三天（或每隔兩天）我去那處一次。HecomestoseehisuncleeverythirdSundayeverymonth.他每個(gè)月第三個(gè)星期天來(lái)看他的叔叔。鏈接提示(1)every+other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指“每隔一”(2)every+few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“每隔幾”Hegoestot

9、owneveryotherday.他隔天去一次城。Writeoneveryotherline.要隔行寫(xiě)。Hestoppedandturnedroundeveryfewminutes.每隔幾分鐘他都停下來(lái)回頭看看。練：ShewatchesTV_eveningandchangeschannels(頻道)_fewminutes.；every；every；each；in提示:“every+單數(shù)名詞”是“每個(gè)”之意；“every+few(two,three.)+（隔）幾（兩、三）”之意。復(fù)數(shù)名詞”是“每比方:HecomestoseemeeverySunday.他每個(gè)星期天都來(lái)看我。Theymoveont

10、oanewplaceeverytwoorthreeyears.他們每隔兩三年就要搬到一個(gè)新的地方。答案:Bsure保證；必然要；保證做到；核實(shí)；弄清楚例：Makesurethatyouturnoffallthelightsbeforeleavingthelab.在你走開(kāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)室前必然要關(guān)掉所有的燈。Youdbettermakesureofthetimeandtheplace.你最好核實(shí)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。鏈接拓展(1)besureof或besurethat有掌握；確信主語(yǔ)是人，表示主語(yǔ)感覺(jué)“有掌握、確信”。Imsureofhissuccess.=Imsurethathewillsucceed.我確信他會(huì)

11、成功。(2)besuretodo必然要；必然會(huì)主語(yǔ)能夠是人或物，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人推測(cè)主語(yǔ)“必然要、必然會(huì)”。Heissuretosucceed.他必然會(huì)成功。Itissuretorain.天準(zhǔn)會(huì)下雨。練：Irememberhistelephonenumberis8666888,butyoudbetter_.outout提示:依照語(yǔ)境消除C、D兩項(xiàng)，由于前文已說(shuō)出了電話(huà)號(hào)碼，不需要去查找。besure意為“對(duì)有掌握”；makesure意為“必然要，保證做到，核實(shí)，弄清楚”。從句意看，說(shuō)話(huà)者可是要求對(duì)方去核實(shí)，應(yīng)選B。答案:Bthan講：該短語(yǔ)意為：而不是；與其寧愿例：Thecolourseemsgre

12、enratherthanblue.這個(gè)顏色像是綠色而不是藍(lán)色。IdprefertogoinAugustratherthaninJuly.我寧愿8月去，不愿7月去。Ialwayspreferstartingearly,ratherthanleavingeverythingtothelastminute.我總是愿意早開(kāi)始，而不愿把所有事情都留到最后才做。Idecidedtosendanemailratherthan(to)telephone.我決定發(fā)電子郵件，而不是打電話(huà)。鏈接拓展(1)ratherthan經(jīng)常用在“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”里:即與兩個(gè)形容詞、兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)詞組、兩個(gè)名詞或代詞、兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式、或兩個(gè)

13、形式連用。(2)ratherthan后的動(dòng)詞要和主句中與之相當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞在形式上一致。(3)ratherthan位于句首時(shí)，以后的動(dòng)詞必定用形式。練：Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople_harmthem.thanthanthanthan提示:ratherthan意為“而不是”，句意為:發(fā)展核科學(xué)應(yīng)該令人們受益，而不是對(duì)他們有害。應(yīng)選B。答案:B句型everythingonecantodo講：注意觀察下面兩個(gè)教材原句:Wewillnotletourhistoryandculturebedestroyedandwewilldoeveryt

14、hingwecantosaveourcity.我們不會(huì)讓我們的歷史和文化被破壞的，我們將盡我們的所能去挽救我們的城市。Theydotheirbesttowinmedals.他們努力去獲得獎(jiǎng)牌。“盡其所能去做某事；全力做某事”可用whatonecantodo或everything/all(that)onecantodo來(lái)表達(dá)。該句型中can后省略了do，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。也可用do/tryonesbesttodo來(lái)表達(dá)。例：Wheneverhemetwithdifficulty,shewoulddowhatshecouldtohelphim.=Wheneverhemetwithdifficult

15、y,shewoulddoall/everythingshecouldtohelphim.=Wheneverhemetwithdifficulty,shewoulddo/tryherbesttohelphim.每當(dāng)他遇到困難時(shí)，她總是盡她所能去幫助他。練：ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_I_them.；cansave；cantosavewhat；cantosave；cansave提示:在whatonecantodo結(jié)構(gòu)中whatonecan是賓語(yǔ)從句，what后不能再使用關(guān)系代詞；在everything/all(that)onecantodo中，that

16、onecan是定語(yǔ)從句，該從句中只能使用關(guān)系代詞that，everything/allthat等于what；在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中can后省略了動(dòng)詞do，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。應(yīng)選C。答案:Crather.(than.)講：注意觀察下面教材原句:Idratherwatchitthanplayit.我寧愿看球而不愿意打球。wouldrather平時(shí)縮寫(xiě)為drather。(1)would/hadrather.（than）意為“寧愿而不愿；寧愿；更喜歡”。(2)wouldrather后接從句時(shí)，從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)（表此刻或?qū)?lái)的虛假）或過(guò)去完成時(shí)（過(guò)去的虛假）。例：Doyouwanttocomewithus你想跟

17、我一起來(lái)嗎No,Idrathernot.不，我不想去。Wouldyouratherwalkortakethebus你愿意步行還是坐公共汽車(chē)DoyoumindifIsmoke你介意我抽煙嗎Well,Idratheryoudidnt.最好別抽。Idratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.我寧愿你明天來(lái)，而不是今天來(lái)。練：(1)（2010全國(guó)高考）Toenjoythescenery,Irenewouldratherspendlonghoursonthetrain_travelbyair.提示:本題觀察習(xí)慣搭配wouldratherdo.thando.。答案:C(2)（2010廣

18、東高考）DoyoumindifIopenthewindow_Ifeelabitcold.coursenot.dratheryoudidnt.ahead.not提示:依照“Ifeelabitcold.”可知說(shuō)話(huà)者介意對(duì)方打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)，所以他宛轉(zhuǎn)地說(shuō)出不同樣意。答案:B辨析,further表示時(shí)間、空間和距離時(shí)兩者可換用；表示“進(jìn)一步、進(jìn)一層、更多”時(shí)，只能用即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Icouldwalkno_.(2)Thisproblemwillbe_discussedtomorrow.(3)No_explanationisneeded.(4)Itmeanseveryathleteshouldtrytorun

19、faster,jumphigher,andthrow_.答案:(1)farther/further(2)further(3)further(4)farther/further,preparefor,get(be)ready(1)get/beready意為“準(zhǔn)備好”,重申準(zhǔn)備的結(jié)果。常有結(jié)構(gòu)有:(1)getready(forsth.)further。；(2)get；(3)beready(forsth.)；(4)bereadytodo(準(zhǔn)備干某事，樂(lè)于干某事)(2)prepare意為“準(zhǔn)備”,重申準(zhǔn)備的動(dòng)作與過(guò)程。賓語(yǔ)是這一動(dòng)作的承受者。以后也可接雙賓語(yǔ)，還可接不定式。(3)preparefor意

20、為“為作準(zhǔn)備”,for的賓語(yǔ)不是動(dòng)作的承受者，而是表示準(zhǔn)備的目的，即所要應(yīng)付的情況。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Motherwasbusy_uslunchinthekitchenwhenIgothome.(2)Thedoctortoldthenursesto_theoperationatonce.(3)We_todoanythingforthepeople.(4)Willyouhelpme_theparty(5)Please_bysevenoclocktomorrowmorning.(6)Theteacheris_thelessons.(7)Thestudentsare_theexam.(8)Willyo

21、u_herforthebadnewsthatiscoming答案:(1)preparing(2)preparefor(3)areready(4)topreparefor(5)get/beready(6)preparing(7)preparingfor(8)preparetodo,trytodomanagetodosth.=succeedindoingsth.，表示“努力做成某事”。trytodosth.表示“試圖，企圖，努力”去做，不重申結(jié)果。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Wewerepleasedthatthey_togetwhatwewanted.(2)He_topasstheexambuthehadnoluck.(3)Youdbetter_doingtheexperimentinanotherway.(4)Theboxwasheavybuthe_toliftit.(5)IfIamtoge