工程管理專業(yè)英語 第2課課件

1、Chapter2 Organizing for Project Management1第一段：The management of construction projects requires knowledge of modern management as well as an understanding of the design and construction process. 建設(shè)項(xiàng)目管理要求現(xiàn)代的管理、以及設(shè)計(jì)和施工過程知識。Construction projects have a specific set of objectives and constraints such as

2、 a required time frame for completion. 建設(shè)項(xiàng)目有一系列具體的目標(biāo)和約束條件，如在規(guī)定的時(shí)限內(nèi)完成。While the relevant technology, institutional arrangements or process will differ, the management of such projects has much in common with the management of similar types of projects in other specialty or technology domains such as

3、aerospace, pharmaceutical and energy developments.雖然相關(guān)技術(shù)，組織機(jī)構(gòu)或流程會有所不同，但建設(shè)項(xiàng)目同其他一些如航天、醫(yī)藥和能源等專業(yè)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的項(xiàng)目在管理上仍然有共同之處。2.1 What is Project Management什么是項(xiàng)目管理2Generally, project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project.一般來說，項(xiàng)目管理是區(qū)別于一般以

4、任務(wù)為導(dǎo)向項(xiàng)目性質(zhì)的企業(yè)管理。 A project organization will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished. 項(xiàng)目組織一般是任務(wù)完成時(shí)項(xiàng)目便終止。According to the Project Management Institute, the discipline of project management can be defined as follows:根據(jù)項(xiàng)目管理協(xié)會，項(xiàng)目管理學(xué)科可以定義為如下：3第二段：By contrast, the general management of bus

5、iness and industrial corporations assumes a broader outlook with greater continuity of operation. 與此形成對照，一般的工商企業(yè)的一般管理更廣泛地著眼于業(yè)務(wù)更佳的連續(xù)性。Nevertheless, there are sufficient similarities as well as differences between the two so that modern management techniques developed for general management may be ada

6、pted for project management.不過，二者之間也有足夠的相似性和差異，以便項(xiàng)目管理適應(yīng)為一般管理開發(fā)的現(xiàn)代管理技術(shù)。5第四段：The basic ingredients for a project management framework may be represented schematically in Figure2-1. 項(xiàng)目管理框架最基本的因素由圖2-1所示。A working knowledge of general management（綜合、一般） and familiarity with the special knowledge domain re

7、lated to the project are indispensable. 一般管理應(yīng)用知識和（對）項(xiàng)目相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識領(lǐng)域（的熟知）是不可缺少的。 Supporting disciplines（學(xué)科） such as computers science and decision science may also play an important role.例如計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和決策科學(xué)之類的支持學(xué)科也許也扮演一個(gè)重要角色。In fact, modern management practices and various special knowledge domains have absorbe

8、d various techniques or tools which were once identified only with the supporting disciplines. 實(shí)際上，現(xiàn)代管理實(shí)踐與各專業(yè)知識領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)吸收（應(yīng)用）了各種不同的技術(shù)和工具，而這些技術(shù)和工具曾一度僅僅被視作屬于支持性學(xué)科的范疇。6第五段：For example, computer-based information system and decision support systems are now commonplace tools for general management. 例如，計(jì)算機(jī)信息系

9、統(tǒng)和決策支持系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)在管理的一般工具。Similarly, many operations research techniques such as linear programming and network analysis are now widely used in many knowledge or application domains. 同樣，許多運(yùn)籌學(xué)技術(shù)例如線性規(guī)劃和網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析現(xiàn)在廣泛使用于許多知識或應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。 Hence, the representation in Figure2-1 reflects only the sources from which the proje

10、ct management framework evolves.因此，圖2-1中的顯示反映了項(xiàng)目管理框架演變的唯一來源。7Specifically, project management in construction encompasses a set of objectives which may be accomplished by implementing（實(shí)施） a series of operations subject to resource constraints. 具體來說，建設(shè)項(xiàng)目管理包括一系列目標(biāo)，這些目標(biāo)可能是通過實(shí)施給定資源約束下的一系列運(yùn)作才能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。There a

11、re potential conflicts between the stated objectives with regard to scope, cost, time and quality, and the constraints imposed on human material and financial resources. 范圍、成本、時(shí)間、質(zhì)量的既定目標(biāo)，和人力、物力和財(cái)力的資源約束之間有潛在的沖突。8第六段Specification（特定） of project objectives and plans including delineation of scope, budg

12、eting, scheduling, setting performance requirement, and selecting project participants.項(xiàng)目的特定目標(biāo)和計(jì)劃，包括劃定范圍、編制預(yù)算、行程安排、設(shè)置性能要求，和選擇項(xiàng)目參與者。Maximization of efficient resource utilization through procurement of labor, materials and equipment according to the prescribed schedule and plan.根據(jù)規(guī)定的進(jìn)度和計(jì)劃，采購勞動力、材料和設(shè)備

13、使資源有效利用最大化。10The Project Management Institute focuses on nine distinct areas requiring project manager knowledge and attention:項(xiàng)目管理協(xié)會要求項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理的知識和注意力集中于9個(gè)不同的領(lǐng)域：1.Project integration management to ensure that the various project elements are effectively coordinated.項(xiàng)目集成管理，以確保有效協(xié)調(diào)各種項(xiàng)目要素。12第七段5.Project qu

14、ality management to ensure functional requirements are met.項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量管理，以確保功能要求得到滿足。6.Project human resource management to development and effectively employ project personnel.項(xiàng)目人力資源管理，開發(fā)和有效地運(yùn)用項(xiàng)目人員。7.Project communications management to ensure effective internal and external communications.項(xiàng)目溝通管理，以確保有效的內(nèi)部

15、和外部溝通。8.Project risk management to analyze and mitigate potential risks.項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，分析和緩解潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。149. Project procurement management to obtain necessary resources from external sources.項(xiàng)目采購管理，從外部資源獲得必要的資源。These nine areas form the basis of the Project Management Institutes certification program for project

16、 managers in any industry.這九個(gè)領(lǐng)域是任何行業(yè)的項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理獲得項(xiàng)目管理協(xié)會認(rèn)證程序的基礎(chǔ)。15一、英譯漢1. Generally, project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project.一般來說，項(xiàng)目管理是區(qū)別于一般的以項(xiàng)目任務(wù)為導(dǎo)向性質(zhì)的企業(yè)管理。2. By contrast, the general management of business and industrial

17、corporations assumes a broader outlook with greater continuity of operation. 與此形成對照，一般的工商企業(yè)的管理更廣泛地著眼于業(yè)務(wù)的更佳連續(xù)性。16Study and Practices3.Similarly, many operations research techniques such as linear programming and network analysis are now widely used in many knowledge or application domains. 同樣，許多運(yùn)籌學(xué)技術(shù)

18、例如線性規(guī)劃和網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析現(xiàn)在廣泛使用于許多知識或應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。4.Contractual relationships among members of the team are intended to minimize adversarial relationships and contribute to greater response within the group.團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間的合同關(guān)系是打算盡量減少敵對關(guān)系，并有助于提高本團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)的合作響應(yīng)。5.Consequently, it is important to recognize the changing nature of the orga

19、nizational structure as a project is carried out in various stages.因此，重要的是要認(rèn)識到作為一個(gè)項(xiàng)目在各個(gè)階段的組織結(jié)構(gòu)不斷變化的性質(zhì)。176.Formal authority resulting from an official capacity which is empowered to issue orders.有官方身份正式授權(quán)的（單位）有權(quán)發(fā)出訂單。7.Reward and/or penalty power resulting from his/her capacity to dispense directly or

20、 indirectly valued organization rewards or penalties.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)權(quán)和/或處罰權(quán)是根據(jù)他/她的能力由組織直接的或間接的分配獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或處罰額度。8.When contending issue of more fundamental nature are developed, they must be brought to the attention of high level in the management and be resolved expeditiously.當(dāng)最根本的問題爭議是發(fā)展時(shí)，他們必須關(guān)注管理水平高的（項(xiàng)目），并盡快解決。18A:I

21、was wondering if you could answer a few questions for me?B:Sure. Go ahead.A:我在想，如果你能回答我?guī)讉€(gè)問題？B:當(dāng)然可以。來吧。A:Could you introduce to me that how did you develop an interest in “Contract Management & Claims” in quantity surveying area?B:Acquiring a broad range of experience is most important and this has p

22、rovided me with a more informed basis upon which, at this stage in my career, to further develop my interest in this area.A：你能否告訴我，你對“合同管理與索賠”中展開工料測量面積是怎么產(chǎn)生興趣的？B：在我當(dāng)前的職業(yè)生涯中獲得廣泛的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是非常重要的，它為我提供了一個(gè)更堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，并有助于激發(fā)我在這方面的興趣。三、對話20A：From your viewpoint, how can surveying attract more women?B：The perception o

23、f surveying male dominated probably does still persist to some extent today, although this is changing, because people have been made more aware of the diversity and opportunities offered by the profession, and therefore I do not consider why there should specifically be a need to attract more women to surveying.A：在你看來，搞測量的怎么吸引更多女性？B：即使人們意識到職業(yè)的多樣化和機(jī)遇，觀念也正在發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，但測量工作以男性為主導(dǎo)的觀念仍舊有一定程度的影響。因此我認(rèn)為沒有特殊的需要去吸引女性去做測量工作。21A:By the way, I would like to know what is your favorite building in HongKong?B:Maybe the 1950s Art Deco/Art Modern Bank of China Build