6西格瑪-流程設(shè)計(jì)

1、 制作跨職能流程圖Cross Functional Process Mapping(為流程再造制作流程圖)(Process Mapping for Re-design)六西格瑪過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)Six Sigma Process Design制作再設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)流程程圖的目目的Re-DesignProcessMapping Objectives了解流程程的基本本情況和和價(jià)值鏈鏈各環(huán)節(jié)節(jié)的相關(guān)關(guān)方Givena projectcharterandunderstandingofprocess basicsandthe value chain stakeholders介紹制作跨職職能流程程圖,也稱為“泳道圖“Intro

2、duceCrossfunctional/Deployment Mapping, alsoknownasa“SwimLane”制作基準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)圖(跨職能流流程圖或或泳道圖圖)CreateBaselineMap (Cross-functional/SwimLaneProcess Map)項(xiàng)目跟蹤蹤表過(guò)程再設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)路線線圖Process Redesign Roadmap價(jià)值鏈翻譯試的過(guò)程程過(guò)渡計(jì)劃劃實(shí)施收集客戶戶之聲/商業(yè)之聲聲分析要求求再設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)過(guò)程解決辦法法的設(shè)計(jì)/開(kāi)發(fā)利益相關(guān)關(guān)方選擇表利益相關(guān)關(guān)方面談?wù)凨ano制作精益益流程圖圖Pugh概念產(chǎn)生生Pugh概念選擇擇討論指南南從圖片和和聲音提提煉要求求要求

3、KJ圖片KJ抽樣調(diào)查查區(qū)分優(yōu)先先次序QFDC&E跨職能流流程圖經(jīng)歷利益相關(guān)關(guān)方的世界總結(jié)要求求并區(qū)分優(yōu)優(yōu)先次序序產(chǎn)生和選選擇概念念試解決辦辦法跨職能流流程圖Cross-Functional ProcessMap價(jià)值鏈ValueChain流程圖步步驟Process MapProcess StepsManufacturerDealer-Sales-Finance-CustomerServiceBuyer價(jià)值鏈環(huán)環(huán)節(jié)相關(guān)關(guān)方StakeholdersProcess Step1OfferFinancingOptionsProcess Step2Process Step3Process Step4制作跨職

4、職能流程程圖CrossFunctional or DeploymentMapping記載Documents:各個(gè)職能能,部門和參參與流程程環(huán)節(jié)活活動(dòng)的人人之間的的關(guān)系Inter-relationships among functions,departments, peoplewhoare involved in sequentialprocessdeployment activities. (whodoesit)Also known as Swim lane揭示Reveals:障礙,返工渠道道,延遲,未用空間間,需要和產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的信信息以及及彎路Barriers,rework paths,dela

5、ys, blank spaces,informationneeded andcreated,anddetours步驟Steps:選擇范圍圍ChoseScope明確過(guò)程程步驟IdentifyProcess Steps確定順序序DetermineSequence確定關(guān)系系DetermineRelationships畫圖Draw theMap添加有關(guān)關(guān)時(shí)間,費(fèi)用,質(zhì)量,詳細(xì)輸入入和輸出出的數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)Adddataontime,cost,quality,detailedinputs&outputs準(zhǔn)備確認(rèn)團(tuán)隊(duì)隊(duì)IdentifytheTeam流程圖的的輸入InputstoMapping頭腦風(fēng)暴暴Brains

6、torming操作手冊(cè)冊(cè)O(shè)peratormanuals規(guī)范Specifications操作員經(jīng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)Operatorexperience六要素6Ms人,機(jī)器,方法,測(cè)量,材料,環(huán)境Man, Machine(Equipment), Method(Procedures), Measurement,Materials, MotherNature(Environment)利益相關(guān)關(guān)方的輸輸入Inputfrom Stakeholders制作跨職職能流程程圖的步步驟CrossFunctional MappingSteps開(kāi)始于過(guò)程的的流程圖圖Startwith FlowChartofprocess識(shí)別過(guò)程所

7、涉涉及的功功能部門門(價(jià)值鏈)并記錄在在紙的左左側(cè)IdentifyFunctional groups(ValueChain) thatprocesscrosses andrecordonleftside of page畫泳道線把把不同的的職能部部門分開(kāi)開(kāi)Draw lines to representthelanesbetweenfunctional groups從圖的左側(cè)側(cè)開(kāi)始,把流程圖圖的第一一步放在在合適的的泳道里里Startonleft sideofmap,placefirststep fromflowchartinappropriatelane繼續(xù)把流程的的步驟按按以下的的規(guī)則放放在泳

8、道道里Continuetoplaceprocess steps accordingtofollowingguidelines時(shí)間從左到右右上升Time increasesfrom lefttorightacross map同時(shí)發(fā)生的步步驟應(yīng)上上下疊在在一起Stepsthat occur simultaneously shouldbestacked on topofeach other箭頭總是左進(jìn)進(jìn)右出Arrowsalways exitonrightand enter on leftsidesofprocesssymbols互相連接的但但至少相相隔一個(gè)個(gè)泳道的的步驟應(yīng)應(yīng)用虛線線連接Process

9、esthatareconnected,butare morethanonelaneapartshouldbeconnected withdotted lines增加流程程描述細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)Increasing ProcessDescriptionDetail流程圖(也稱方塊塊圖)Flow Chart (akaBlockDiagram)顯示過(guò)程程步驟,而不是細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)Showsprocess steps,without worrying about details是了解過(guò)過(guò)程步驟驟的有用用一步Usefulasafirstpass to understandprocesssteps跨職能圖圖(也稱”泳道圖”)

10、CrossFunctional Map(aka “Swim lane”)把流程圖圖過(guò)程步步驟重安安排到職職能泳道道里Rearranges flowchartprocessstepsinto lanes of functions清楚地顯顯示連接接關(guān)系Clearly shows hand-offs過(guò)程步驟驟從左到到右按時(shí)時(shí)間前進(jìn)進(jìn)Process steps movelefttorightastime progresses跨資源圖圖CrossResourceMap在職能中中更進(jìn)一一步,顯示實(shí)際際資源和和資源之之間的連連接關(guān)系系Further drill downintofunctions, show

11、ingactual resource to resource handoffscustomerNoYesNoYesFunction 1Function 2Function 3Function 4Function 1Function 2Function 3Function 4Resource 1Resource 2制作流程程圖Process FlowCharting這是什么么工具?What is thetool?過(guò)程的圖圖像描述述Graphicalillustration of theprocess工具要描描述的是是什么?What willthe toolidentify?所有增值值和不增增值的

12、過(guò)過(guò)程步驟驟Allvalue-addedand non-value-addedprocess steps識(shí)別系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和和再設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)的機(jī)會(huì)會(huì)Identifyopportunities forSystemDesign/redesign關(guān)鍵輸入入KeyProcessInputs(xs)關(guān)鍵輸出出KeyProcessOutputs (Ys)數(shù)據(jù)采集集點(diǎn)Data CollectionPoints輸入FMEA的第一批批輸入?yún)?shù)FirstKeyprocessinputvariablestoput in FMEA什么時(shí)候候制作過(guò)過(guò)程流程程圖?When do youapplyprocess mapping?一

13、直Always制作過(guò)程程流程圖圖的結(jié)果果是什么么?What areresults of ProcessMapping?看建議的的新的設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)或再再設(shè)計(jì)是是不是比比現(xiàn)有系系統(tǒng)好Identifywhether proposed newsystemdesign/redesignisbetterthencurrent system識(shí)別需要要測(cè)量系系統(tǒng)研究究的系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)Identifysystems needingMeasurementStudies識(shí)別需要要能力性性研究的的關(guān)鍵輸輸出IdentifyKeyprocessoutputs forCapability Studies識(shí)別控制制計(jì)劃中中缺的項(xiàng)項(xiàng)Ide

14、ntifymissing elements in theControl Plan識(shí)別過(guò)程程中不增增值的步步驟Identifypossiblenon-value-addedprocessstepscustomerNoYesNoYes案例分析析:制作流程程圖Case Study:FlowChartingFulfill Order跨職能流流程圖(泳道圖)CrossFunctional Map(SwimLane)是一種描描述不同同職能或或部門之之間的連連接關(guān)系系A(chǔ) mapthat conveysprocesshand offsbetweenfunctionsordepartments把流程圖圖中的步步

15、驟重編編排成按按職能排排的泳道道Rearranges flowchartprocessstepsinto lanes of functions行或列代表表職能Rows or columnsrepresent functions不同活動(dòng)歸屬屬不同的的職能帶帶Activities fallinappropriate“bands”offunctions同時(shí)發(fā)生的活活動(dòng)從上上到下歸歸組Concurrent activitiesgrouped“top to bottom”有時(shí)也被稱為為職能圖圖或泳道道圖Sometimescalled “Functional”or“SwimLane”flowchart o

16、r mapFunction 1Function 2Function 3Function 4過(guò)程步驟驟按時(shí)間間順序從從左到右右Process steps movelefttorightastime progresses明確顯示示部門之之間的交交接Clearly shows hand-offsbetween departments or groups也稱為泳泳道圖或或職能圖圖Also known as a“SwimLane”orsometimes “Functional Map”案例分析析:制作跨職職能流程程圖Case Study:CrossFunctionalMapping (cont.)Ful

17、fill Order跨資源圖圖CrossResourceMap是一種描描述系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)或組織織內(nèi)資源源傳遞的的圖A mapthat conveysprocesshand offsbetweenindividual resourcesina systemororganization行或列表示示各個(gè)資資源Rows or columnsrepresent individualresources各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)歸歸屬不同同的資源源帶Activities fallinappropriate“bands”ofresources同時(shí)發(fā)生的活活動(dòng)從上上到下歸歸組Concurrent activitiesgrouped“to

18、p to bottom”顯示資源傳遞遞Showshandoffs,resources involvedFunction 1Function 2Function 3Function 4Resource 1Resource 2過(guò)程步驟驟按時(shí)間間順序從從左到右右Process steps movelefttorightastime progresses明確顯示示資源之之間的傳傳遞Clearly shows hand-offsbetween resources經(jīng)常同時(shí)時(shí)顯示職職能和資資源OftenshowsbothFunctionsandResources只是低一級(jí)的的跨職能能圖Just across

19、functionalmapatalowerlevel制作跨資源圖圖的步驟驟CrossResourceMapping Steps始于流程圖圖或跨職職能圖Startwith FlowChartorCrossFunctionalMap識(shí)別過(guò)程所接接觸到的的資源并并把它們們記錄在在紙的左左側(cè)Identifyindividual resourcesthat theprocess touchesand recordonleft sideofpage畫泳道線把把資源分分開(kāi)Draw lines to representthelanesbetweenresources從圖的左側(cè)側(cè)開(kāi)始,把流程圖圖中的第第一步放放

20、在合適適的泳道道里Startonleft sideofmap,placefirststep fromflowchartinappropriatelane繼續(xù)把其余的的過(guò)程步步驟按以以下的規(guī)規(guī)則放在在泳道里里Continuetoplaceprocess steps accordingtofollowingguidelines時(shí)間從左到右右上升Time increasesfrom lefttorightacross map同時(shí)發(fā)生的步步驟應(yīng)上上下疊在在一起Stepsthat occur simultaneously shouldbestacked on topofeach other箭頭總是左進(jìn)進(jìn)

21、右出Arrowsalways exitonrightand enter on leftsidesofprocesssymbols互相連接的但但至少相相隔一個(gè)個(gè)泳道的的步驟應(yīng)應(yīng)用虛線線連接Processesthatareconnected,butare morethanonelaneapartshouldbeconnected withdotted lines案例分析析:制作跨資資源圖Case Study:CrossResourceMapping(cont.)Fulfill Order跨資源圖圖CrossFunctional /Deployment MapCUSTS MGRTECHMECHCAS

22、HDATA BASESAWRITESCOMPLAINTNOTIFIESCUSTOMERSCHEDANALYSISANDREPAIRREVIEWS COMPLAINTANDSPECIFIES REPAIRREPAIRS VEHICLECOMPLETESINVOICEENTERSJOB IN WORKLOGARRIVES AT DEALERWAITSINLOUNGEPAYS CASHIERDDVEHICLE DATADDAutomobile RepairProcess帶時(shí)間的的跨職能能圖CrossFunctionalMapwithTimeCustomerSalesProductionControl

23、PlantAWarehousePlantBTransportProcess OrderPrintorderorderMoveWIPExtrudeProductProductReceive ProductProduct50daysFunctionsProcess TasksNon-Value-AddedTimeTimeDirectionofProcessFlowWaitWaitWaitMoveWaitMoveWIPWIPWIPWIPWIPOrderProduct數(shù)據(jù)流-實(shí)體流的的泳道圖圖Data FlowPhysicalFlow SwimLaneChartProcessInitial Order

24、EntryTrip PlanGenerationShipmentMgmtOutput/MeasureEmptyCarFulfillmentDataFlowPhysicalFlow- AccountManagement PhysicalFlow-PricingPhysicalFlow-OrderManagementPhysicalFlowShipmentManagementPhysicalFlow-SettlementFLOW:CurrentProposedXEventOccasionsTime/DistanceDefineUnitsCostTotalsTotalFloorspace_sq,ft

25、,ValueAddedIndex:(B/D)x 100%1.53 %DeliveryIndex:(A/C)x 100%1.53 %Process:_SamplePart_Business:_Miscellaneous Machining_過(guò)程流程程圖Flow ProcessChartCharted By:_HenriettaSmith_Date:_12/19/03_OperationorProcess Recordtime/unit.Delay(Re-work,Changeover,Wait)Recordtype,averagedurationandfrequency.Tabulateperu

26、nitvalue.Inspection Tabulate duration andfrequency.Tabulateperunitvalue.Transport Tabulate distance moved andquantitymoved.Storage/Inventory Tabulate averageQuantityinstorageorqueue(A)(B)(C)(D)ReceivingDock/ShippingDock1000 units1000 units0.5hours4 hoursPPIStagingPPIInspection2 hours250units48hours600unitsDept.AStaging1 hour250units3 hours100unitsMachine 1C/T=0.5hours10unitsMachine 2C/T=0.5hours10units0.5hours10units41312C/O1 hourCost/Hr.= $80”= 25 ft.1 hour1 hour56hours2600 units2 hours250units5 hours$80$80$4480$160$400$52004 hours1000 units65hoursDEPT APP