起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓(xùn)Lifting課件

1、Lifting & Rigging Training 起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓(xùn)法國(guó)國(guó)際檢驗(yàn)局 工業(yè)與設(shè)施事業(yè)部BUREAU VERITAS Industry & Facilities2009/10/20Presentation to Lafarge Lifting & Rigging Training 起Purpose 培訓(xùn)目的 Understand Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí)Understand Hazards Type of Lifiting & Rigging Working and the Cause 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成

2、因Understand and Follow Working Control Progress of Lifting & Rigging on-site 了解并遵守施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全起重吊裝控制流程Reduce Lifting & Rigging RiskImprove Lifting & Rigging safety 減少吊裝起重作業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),改進(jìn)吊裝起重作業(yè)安全狀態(tài)Purpose 培訓(xùn)目的 Understand KnowlTraining Content 培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí)Hazards Type of Lifting & R

3、igging Working and the Cause 起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因Working Control Progress of Lifting & Rigging on-site 施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全起重吊裝控制流程Case Analysis 典型案例分析Summary and Discussion 總結(jié)與討論 Training Content 培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容KnowledgeKnowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí)Lifting & Rigging Training 起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓(xùn)Knowledge of Lifting & RiggingKno

4、wledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí)1、Lifting machine 起重機(jī)2、Slings 索具3、Signals 起重信號(hào)4、L&R experts task 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé)5、Admeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact 吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接6、其他 OthersKnowledge of Lifting & RiggingKnowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí)Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Knowle

5、dge of Lifting & RiggingLifting machine 起重機(jī). Definition of LM 起重機(jī)的定義 起重機(jī)是通過(guò)吊鉤或其他吊具起升、搬運(yùn)物料的特種機(jī)械設(shè)備. Type of LM 起重機(jī)械的種類Crane 起重機(jī)、塔吊Others 其他起重設(shè)備（千斤頂、手動(dòng)葫蘆） Lifting Machine起重機(jī)械Lifting 升降機(jī)、卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)Lifting machine 起重機(jī). DefinitLifting machine 起重機(jī)Cranes 吊車Crane Parts 吊車組成Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Cranes 吊車CrLifting mach

6、ine 起重機(jī)What to Inspect需要檢測(cè)什么Inspection of the hoisting machinery must be made by a competent person起重機(jī)械的檢測(cè)必須由有資質(zhì)的人員進(jìn)行The employer must maintain a record of these inspections負(fù)責(zé)人必須對(duì)這些檢測(cè)進(jìn)行記錄Annual Inspections年檢Crane wasnt inspectedand tipped over吊車沒(méi)有進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，并且已經(jīng)傾倒Lifting machine 起重機(jī)What to InsLifting mach

7、ine 起重機(jī)What to Inspect需要檢測(cè)什么Correct air pressure and no leaks 正確的氣壓，沒(méi)有泄露Tires properly inflated 輪胎內(nèi)氣體充足Wire rope wear 破舊的纜繩Physical damage to crane 吊車的破壞Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts 硬件、螺母或螺絲釘?shù)膩G失Fluid leaks 泄露物L(fēng)ifting machine 起重機(jī)What to InsLifting machine 起重機(jī)Competent Person能夠勝任的人力The co

8、mpetent person must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition. 能夠勝任此項(xiàng)工作的人必須在使用前檢查所有的機(jī)器和設(shè)備，并且在使用過(guò)程中確保各個(gè)操作條件的安全I(xiàn)f it needs fixing, take it out of service and dont use it until it is fixed如果需要維修，則不再使用此機(jī)器直至維修完畢BrokenTrackLifting

9、 machine 起重機(jī)Competent PLifting machine 起重機(jī)Conduct regular inspectionsof tires for excessive wear or damage輪胎過(guò)度使用或損壞的常規(guī)檢測(cè)Tire Inspections 輪胎檢測(cè)Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Conduct regLifting machine 起重機(jī)Worn Part 舊部件Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Worn Part 舊Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Damaged wire rope損壞的鋼絲線Damaged wire rope must be

10、 taken out of service損壞的纜繩必須停止使用Broken Strands一股線有損壞Crushed Rope壓扁的鋼絲繩Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Damaged wirLifting machine 起重機(jī)Load Capacity - Speed Warnings裝載量-速度-警告Make sure the crane operator can see the: 確保吊車司機(jī)能夠看見(jiàn)： Rated Load Capacities 額定裝載量 Operating Speeds 操作速度 Special Hazard Warning or Instruction

11、特別提示、警告或說(shuō)明Load Rating ChartLifting machine 起重機(jī)Load CapaciLifting machine 起重機(jī)Guard Moving Parts有防護(hù)的移動(dòng)部件Unguarded Chain Drive沒(méi)有防護(hù)的鎖鏈Guard moving parts such as gears or belts有防護(hù)的移動(dòng)部件如齒輪或履帶Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Guard MovinLifting machine 起重機(jī)Operator Visibility 司機(jī)的可視范圍Broken Window碎玻璃Make sure broken window

12、s or other obstructions do not prevent the operator from seeing確保碎玻璃或是其他因素不會(huì)阻礙司機(jī)的視線Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Operator ViLifting machine 起重機(jī)Ladders 梯子Ladder梯子 Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab利用梯子登到車體的上部Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Ladders 梯子LLifting machine 起重機(jī)Guardrails 護(hù)欄Runways and steps need to

13、have guardrails, handholds and slip resistant surfaces走道和臺(tái)階需要配有帶有扶手的護(hù)欄和防滑表層Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Guardrails Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Boom Angle Indicator臂角指示器A boom angle indicator must be on the crane在吊車上必須安裝臂角指示器Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Boom Angle Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Supporting Surface支持面Cranes must be on a firm

14、supporting surface and level within 1 percent吊車必須安裝在穩(wěn)定的支持面上并且在1%的水平內(nèi)Lifting machine 起重機(jī)SupportingLifting machine 起重機(jī)The grooves must be smooth and free from surface defects which could cause rope damage凹槽必須平滑，表面不能有能造成繩索毀壞的缺陷Sheaves Lifting machine 起重機(jī)The groovesInspect the Limit switch限位裝置的檢查L(zhǎng)ifting

15、 machine 起重機(jī)限位裝置 Limit switchInspect the Limit switch限位裝置的檢Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Swing Radius 搖擺半徑Swing RadiusStay out of the swing radius of the crane Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius呆在吊車搖擺半徑之外的地方-確保搖擺半徑內(nèi)有路障顯示Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Swing RadiuLifting machine 起重機(jī)Suspended Loads懸掛的吊裝架

16、 Dont stand under suspended loads 不要站在懸掛的吊裝架下面Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Suspended LLifting machine 起重機(jī)Improper load rating 裝載額定率設(shè)置不當(dāng)Excessive speeds 超速No hand signals 無(wú)手勢(shì)信號(hào)Inadequate inspection and maintenance 維護(hù)不足、監(jiān)查不當(dāng)Unguarded parts 無(wú)備件Crane Hazards吊車不當(dāng)操作Unguarded swing radius 工作半徑無(wú)防護(hù)Working too close to

17、 power lines 離電線過(guò)近Improper exhaust system 不合理的排氣系統(tǒng)Shattered windows 碎玻璃No steps/guardrails walkways 沒(méi)有臺(tái)階/護(hù)欄的走道No boom angle indicator 沒(méi)有安裝臂角指示器Not using outriggers 沒(méi)有使用支架Lifting machine 起重機(jī)Improper lo塔吊塔吊使用前的檢查注意事項(xiàng)塔吊塔吊使用前的檢查注意事項(xiàng)升降機(jī)升降機(jī)檢查要點(diǎn)升降機(jī)手動(dòng)葫蘆手動(dòng)葫蘆檢查要點(diǎn)手動(dòng)葫蘆Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí)

18、Slings 索 具Knowledge of Lifting & RiggingSlings 索具 Wire rope 鋼絲繩Nylon rope 尼龍繩(化纖)Coir rope 棕繩Clasp 卡環(huán)Rope lock 繩卡Elasticity conditioner 松緊器Ropes 繩(帶)Fixture卡具Hook吊鉤Slings索具Slings 索具 Wire rope 鋼絲繩NyloSlings 索具Nylon rope 尼龍繩(化纖)Clasp 卡環(huán)繩卡Hook 吊鉤Slings Pictures 索具圖例Wire rope 鋼絲繩Slings 索具Nylon rope 尼龍繩(

19、化纖)ClComponents組成Wire rope 鋼絲繩Core 芯Strand 股Wire 絲 Cross-section of common wire rope普通鋼絲繩截面 ComponentsWire rope 鋼絲繩Core 芯W(wǎng)ire rope 鋼絲繩One complete wrap of a strand around the core完整的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋼絲繩圖Rope LayWire rope 鋼絲繩One complete wraWire rope 鋼絲繩The direction the strands are wound around the core鋼絲繩纏繞方向朝右Ri

20、ght Lay朝左Left LayWire rope 鋼絲繩The direction thWire rope 鋼絲繩拉長(zhǎng)方法Right Lang Lay常規(guī)方法Right Regular LayThe direction the strands are wound around the core鋼絲繩纏繞方向Wire rope 鋼絲繩拉長(zhǎng)方法Right Lang LWire rope 鋼絲繩鋼絲繩按繩股數(shù)及每股中的鋼絲數(shù)區(qū)分 有6股7絲，7股7絲，6股19絲，6股37絲及6股61絲等。吊裝中常用的有619、637兩種。619鋼絲繩可作纜風(fēng)和吊索；637鋼絲繩用于穿滑車組和作吊索。鋼絲繩的安全

21、系數(shù) Safety Coefficient of Wire Rope Use for 用途 Safety coefficient安全系數(shù)作纜風(fēng) 3.5Sling without twist 作吊索、無(wú)彎曲時(shí) 67Manual control lifting machine 用于手動(dòng)起重設(shè)備 4.5Binding sling 作捆綁吊索 810Maneuver lifting machine 用于機(jī)動(dòng)起重設(shè)備 56Lift carrying persons 用于載人的升降機(jī) 14Wire rope 鋼絲繩鋼絲繩按繩股數(shù)及每股中的鋼絲數(shù)區(qū)Wire rope 鋼絲繩鋼絲繩的選用Wire Rope S

22、electionWire rope in normal temperature condition should be qualified hemp or cotton rope core. 在常溫作業(yè)場(chǎng)所，則選用麻芯或棉芯鋼絲繩（貯油、防銹，撓性彈性好） Wire rope in extreme heat condition should be qualified asbestos or metal rope core. 在高溫環(huán)境中工作的鋼絲繩，以選用石棉繩芯或金屬繩芯鋼絲繩為宜。Use galvanized wire rope where could be exposed to corr

23、osive condition. 在有酸堿等腐蝕性作業(yè)環(huán)境中，應(yīng)選用鍍鋅鋼絲繩。Wire rope 鋼絲繩鋼絲繩的選用Wire Rope Wire rope 鋼絲繩Standard for discard of wire rope 鋼絲繩報(bào)廢標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（一個(gè)捻距內(nèi)的斷絲數(shù)）采用的安全系數(shù)Safety Factor 鋼絲繩規(guī)格Standard of Wire Rope619+1637+1661+1交互捻Ordinary Lay同向捻Straight Lay交互捻Ordinary Lay同向捻Straight Lay交互捻Ordinary Lay同向捻Straight LayBelow66以下12622

24、1136186714726133819Above 77以上16830154020Wire rope 鋼絲繩Standard for disWire rope 鋼絲繩 1捻 Distance of a lay 何為一個(gè)捻距? Wire rope 鋼絲繩 1捻 Distance oWire rope 鋼絲繩Standing ropes have more than two (2) broken wires in one lay in areas beyond end connections or more than one (1) broken wire at an end connection。

25、固定鋼索的一捻,在遠(yuǎn)離末端連接處的地方有兩條以上的斷掉的金屬絲,或者在末端連接處有一條以上的斷掉的金屬絲;Running ropes have six (6) randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or three (3) broken wires in one strand in one lay。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的鋼索的一捻中有六處任意分布的斷掉的金屬絲或者在其一股中有三條斷的金屬絲;Wear of one-third (1/3) of the original diameter of the outside individual wires caus

26、ed by abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening ; 單獨(dú)的鋼索的外表由于磨損,擦洗,壓扁或者錘擊等原因磨損了它原來(lái)直徑的1/3Kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure;扭結(jié),破碎,或是其他的損壞而導(dǎo)致鋼索結(jié)構(gòu)的變形;Evidence of heat damage from any cause; 由任何原因引起的熱破壞的跡象; Wire rope should be replaced in se

27、veral circumstances, including, but not limited to:鋼絲繩在以下情況下必須更換，但不僅限于Wire rope 鋼絲繩Standing ropes hWire rope 鋼絲繩Twist 扭曲Twist 扭曲 Broken 鳥(niǎo)籠 Broken 損壞的繩索Wire rope 鋼絲繩Twist 扭曲Twist 扭曲插接鋼絲繩的幾種方法、要求與規(guī)定插接的方式插接的長(zhǎng)度插接鋼絲繩的幾種方法、要求與規(guī)定插接的方式Fixture卡具Types of Shackles卡環(huán)的種類Screw Pin Anchor Shackle 螺紋式Round Pin Anch

28、or Shackle銷釘式Bolt Type Anchor Shackle螺栓式Fixture卡具Types of Shackles卡環(huán)的種Fixture卡具Check wear檢查外觀Check cracks, bending and twisting檢查彎曲處Pin always seated鎖頭應(yīng)該是固定好的Check opening width檢查開(kāi)口寬度Shackle Inspection卡環(huán)的檢查Check wear and straightness檢查外觀和呈直線的地方Fixture卡具Check wear檢查外觀Check cFixture卡具Never replace a s

29、hackle pin with a bolt.不要用螺栓代替鎖扣The load will bend the bolt.吊物會(huì)使螺栓彎曲Check with manufacturer for specifications on Side Loading.與制造商確認(rèn)側(cè)裝參數(shù)120 degree max.最大120度Fixture卡具Never replace a shackFixture卡具CORRECT 正確Saddle 鞍U-Bolt U型螺栓Installed properly as to number, direction, spacing and torque.數(shù)量、方向、間距和扭矩

30、都要以正確的方式安裝Installing Wire Rope Clips繩卡的安裝Safety twist way安裝鋼絲繩夾放“安全彎”方法 Fixture卡具CORRECT 正確Saddle 鞍U-BFixture卡具與繩徑匹配的繩卡數(shù)Cable Head鋼絲繩直徑Wire Rope Diameter (mm)716192728373845最少繩卡數(shù)Cable Head Minimum (個(gè))3456繩卡間距Cable Head Interval (mm)Minimum 6 times of wire rope diameter 不應(yīng)小于鋼絲繩直徑的6倍 Fixture卡具與繩徑匹配的繩卡

31、數(shù)Cable Head鋼Fixture卡具Do Not Alternate!卡具不要兩個(gè)方向固定Saddle is on Dead End!卡具距鋼絲繩末端太近Examples of Improperly Installed Fixture卡具Do Not Alternate!SaddFixture卡具M(jìn)anufacturers identification. 制造商的說(shuō)明Never weld on hooks. 吊鉤不要使用焊接Working safety latch. 工作安全插銷Hooks are designed to apply the load at the bottom of t

32、he saddle. 吊鉤的設(shè)計(jì)用來(lái)在鞍部底端進(jìn)行裝載LOADHooks吊鉤Fixture卡具M(jìn)anufacturers identiFixture卡具Check for Cracks and Twisting檢查曲折處Check for Wear and Cracks檢查外觀和彎曲處Check for Wear and Deformation檢查外觀和彎曲處Check that Hook is Not Twisted檢查吊鉤沒(méi)有彎曲Hook Inspection Iteams吊鉤檢查Fixture卡具Check for Cracks and Fixture卡具M(jìn)ost common meth

33、od of terminating ropes on cranes.最普遍的連接繩子和吊車的工具All parts must match in size.所有的零件尺寸必須匹配Measure rope diameter to ensure proper size. 測(cè)量繩子直徑確定尺寸Cotter鎖銷Pin插銷Socket插座Wedge楔Wedge Sockets 楔形插座Fixture卡具M(jìn)ost common method ofFixture卡具Right 對(duì)Wrong 錯(cuò)6” 9”Live end of the rope, the straight side of the socket

34、and the pinhole all line up.放開(kāi)繩子的末端，使插座垂直，所有的孔都在一條直線上Wedge Socket - Fixture卡具Right 對(duì)Wrong 錯(cuò)6” 9”Fixture卡具M(jìn)ay be necessary to beat the socket during installation. 在安裝過(guò)程中可能會(huì)擊打插座Socket may become mushroomed.插座可能會(huì)腐蝕Replace when damage becomes noticeable.在插座出現(xiàn)明顯的損壞的時(shí)候要替換Wedge Socket Damage插座損壞Fixture卡具M(jìn)a

35、y be necessary to bKnowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí) Hand Signal 起重信號(hào)Knowledge of Lifting & RiggingHand Signal 起重信號(hào)An illustration of the signals must be posted at the job site在工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)必須張貼一張手勢(shì)信號(hào)的圖示說(shuō)明Hand Signal 起重信號(hào)An illustratiSignal 起重信號(hào)Signal 起重信號(hào)Signal 起重信號(hào)Signal 起重信號(hào)Signal 起重信號(hào)Signal 起重信號(hào)

36、Signal 起重信號(hào)Signal 起重信號(hào)Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí) Staff and Task 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé)Knowledge of Lifting & RiggingStaff and task 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé) Crane operator 起重機(jī)司機(jī) Signal staff 信號(hào)工 Sling operator 繩索工 L&R inspector吊裝監(jiān)督員Staff and task 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé) CranCrane operator 起重機(jī)司機(jī)Operate at L&R inspectors pre

37、sence or with the approval 在吊裝監(jiān)督員出席或給予批準(zhǔn)后才能進(jìn)行吊裝作業(yè)。Operate crane safely and properly 安全可靠地操作起重機(jī)。Ensure the condition on-site so that displacement and lifting can be operated safely, if not report to L&R inspector 保證場(chǎng)地條件能安全地進(jìn)行位移和起吊操作。如果不能保證，他應(yīng)報(bào)告吊裝監(jiān)督員。Ensure outrigger installed properly and safely 保證所有

38、的外伸部分都充分配置并是安全的。Set all the switches on no loading before operation and record inspection results 在進(jìn)行吊裝作業(yè)之前，將所有的限制開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)置為無(wú)荷載狀態(tài)進(jìn)行操作測(cè)試，將結(jié)果檢查記錄表上。 report all the questions of crane to L&R inspector 將起重機(jī)的任何問(wèn)題向吊裝監(jiān)督員報(bào)告。Ensure crane fixed safely when incline 保證當(dāng)固定式起重機(jī)在傾斜狀態(tài)時(shí)被安全地固定。Ensure the weight before lif

39、ting 在起吊之前確定物體的重量。Operation can not be done when barrier is on the circumrotate path 在旋轉(zhuǎn)路徑上有任何障礙物時(shí)不能起吊任何物體。Operation can not be done if the signal is not clear 在沒(méi)有從信號(hào)工那里得到清晰的信號(hào)之前不能起吊任何物體。Crane can not be started if electrical wire is 3 m above the crane 在上方3米之內(nèi)有帶電的電線的情況下不得開(kāi)啟起重機(jī)。Staff and task 起重作業(yè)人員

40、及其職責(zé)Crane operator 起重機(jī)司機(jī)Operate atSignal staff信號(hào)工Check with the sling operator to ensure the rigging is proper before giving the signals 在發(fā)出信號(hào)前和繩索工檢驗(yàn)保證物體裝配得當(dāng)。Give the clear and correct signals to crane operator 向起重機(jī)司機(jī)發(fā)出準(zhǔn)確而清晰的信號(hào)。Staff and task 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé)Signal staff信號(hào)工Check with the Sling operator 繩索

41、工Ensure lifting weight and inform to crane operator 確定載重重量并通知起重機(jī)司機(jī)。Check if the tools in usage is proper 檢查保證使用正確的起重器具。Check rope knot and sling angle to avoid over load 檢查繩結(jié)方法/吊索角度，避免出現(xiàn)繩索的過(guò)載。Ensure stability 保證物體吊裝的穩(wěn)定性。Prevent staff falling 防止吊起的松散的材料落下。Avoid damage of rope knot with proper method

42、在吊裝過(guò)程中采用合適的方法避免繩結(jié)損壞。Report to L&R inspector if any emergency 在吊裝器械有任何異常時(shí)立即報(bào)告吊裝監(jiān)督員。Staff and task 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé)Sling operator 繩索工Ensure liftiL&R inspector吊裝監(jiān)督員Coordinate L&R job 協(xié)調(diào)所有的吊裝活動(dòng)。Ensure crane operator is competent with training certificate 保證讓培訓(xùn)過(guò)且持有合格證書的的司機(jī)操作起重機(jī)。Ensure sling operator and signal

43、 staff is competent 保證讓指定的繩索工和信號(hào)工進(jìn)行吊裝工作。Create safe condition for the site 建立安全場(chǎng)地條件。Direct crane operator, sling operator and signal staff 在安全吊裝過(guò)程中指揮起重機(jī)操作工、繩索工和信號(hào)工。Adopt proper way to solve the hazard once reported to 一旦有不安全的情況報(bào)告，他應(yīng)采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧?。Ensure all the L&R operation is safe 保證所有吊裝操作都安全的執(zhí)行。Staff an

44、d task 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé)L&R inspector吊裝監(jiān)督員Coordinate LKnowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí) Admeasurements of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Knowledge of Lifting & RiggingAdmeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Know the Weight of the Load了解

45、裝載的重量Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation 涉及到運(yùn)單和其他的文件Ensure lift calculations are correct 確保提升數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算正確Ensure load is within load chart rating for boom length and load radius of crane 確保荷載量是在懸臂長(zhǎng)度和荷載半徑額定量之內(nèi)Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom

46、length the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift 吊車是以最大重量制定的額定量，它將以最小的半徑和最小的懸臂長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行升降-距中心越遠(yuǎn)，提升的重量越小Admeasurement of weight & gravCENTRE OF GRAVITYof a load 物體的重心is a point at or near the load around which its weight is evenly distributed是在物體上或接近于物體的一點(diǎn)，物體的重量圍繞這一點(diǎn)均勻分布Admeasurement of weig

47、ht & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接CENTRE OF GRAVITYAdmeasurementLoad Limiting Factors荷載限制因素Not level 不平Wind 風(fēng)Side loads 側(cè)面荷載On its wheels 車輪Lifting over the side 越過(guò)邊界提升Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments 臂的延伸和其他附件的使用Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices 纜繩、吊索和

48、提升設(shè)備的限制Admeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Load Limiting Factors荷載限制因素NoResultLoad荷載Load荷載Correct Orientation Load is in the plane of the eye.正確的方向-荷載在孔的平面內(nèi)Incorrect Orientation When the load is applied to the eye in this direction it will bend.錯(cuò)誤的方向-如果荷載以這種方向工

49、作會(huì)造成彎曲Load荷載Admeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接ResultLoad荷載Load荷載Correct OrieDouble Grip, Double Saddle Wire Rope Clamp (Two Separate Saddles with U-Bolt)雙卡具固定Single Grip, Single Saddle Wire Rope Clamp (One Single Saddle with U-bolt)單卡具固定Acceptable Methods for

50、 Load Line Tieback正確的拉繩方法Admeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Double Grip, Double Saddle WirVIOLATIONThis type of wire rope clip (single grip, single saddle) will transfer the weight of the load to the dead end of the load line.這種鋼絲繩卡連接方式會(huì)導(dǎo)致將荷載傳遞至鋼絲繩末端Unacceptab

51、le Method for Load Line Tieback錯(cuò)誤的拉繩方法Admeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接VIOLATIONThis type of wire ropSpreader Beams擴(kuò)展梁Marked with the capacity and proof tested to 125 percent of that capacity. 標(biāo)記承載量并出示其125%測(cè)試試驗(yàn)的證明Considered a load and cannot be left suspende

52、d unattended. 認(rèn)真對(duì)待荷載不能使其在無(wú)人看管的情況下停滯Admeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接 平衡梁 擴(kuò)展梁Spreader Beams擴(kuò)展梁Marked with tSling Angles吊角Sling Leg(s)吊繩Horizontal Angle水平角Horizontal Plane水平面LOADAdmeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Sling A

53、ngles吊角Sling Leg(s)吊繩HoHow Horizontal Angle1000 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS500 LBS500 LBS577 LBS577 LBS707 LBS707 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS90604530 Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL吊裝工作安全負(fù)荷計(jì)算的基本知識(shí)How Horizontal Angle1000 LBS10Sling Angle Factor吊角公式Where:L = Length of the sling.繩索長(zhǎng)度H = Height of the connectio

54、n point from the horizontal plane of the load.連接點(diǎn)到水平吊物的距離LHSling Angle Factor = L/HAdmeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Sling Angle Factor吊角公式Where:LHPrinciple of Hitches 綁扎原則Admeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接找到被吊裝物體的重心所用

55、的索具必須滿足被吊裝重物的要求保證吊裝的平穩(wěn)正確的綁扎方式Principle of Hitches 綁扎原則AdmeaTypes of Hitches綁扎方式Choker Hitch穩(wěn)固的綁扎Admeasurement of weight & gravity center and sling contact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Correct 對(duì)Wrong 錯(cuò)Types of Hitches綁扎方式Choker HitKnowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí) Others其他 Knowledge of Lifting & RiggingQ

56、uadruple Leg Slings四鏈baMaster Link 主連接扣Master Coupling Link主雙連接扣Coupling Link雙連接扣Chain鎖鏈Coupling Link雙連接扣Lower End Fittings底掛鉤Reach = a + bSingle Leg Slings單鏈Reach伸展度Upper End Fitting上掛鉤Coupling Link雙連接扣Chain鎖鏈Coupling Link雙連接扣Lower End Fitting底掛鉤Alloy Steel Chain鐵鏈其他 OthersQuadruple Leg Slings四鏈baM

57、asterChain Size 鐵鏈尺寸Manufacturers Grade 制造商等級(jí)Rated load and angle 額定裝載量和角度控制Reach延展Number of legs鏈數(shù)Manufacturers name and trademark 制造商名稱和商標(biāo)Next inspection下次檢查時(shí)間Alloy Steel ChainIdentification Tag標(biāo)簽其他 OthersChain Size 鐵鏈尺寸Alloy Steel ChaAlloy Steel ChainFrequent 日常Visual examination by the user. 使用者

58、日常外觀檢查Periodic 定期Complete link by link inspection of the entire sling and all attachments. 繩索和全部附件的檢查Documented 記錄其他 OthersAlloy Steel ChainFrequent 日常PeTwists or bends 彎曲Nicks or gouges 有缺口Excessive wear at bearing points 軸承點(diǎn)有破損Stretch 延展Distorted or damaged master links 主連接扣損壞Alloy Steel Chain其他 O

59、thersTwists or bends 彎曲Alloy Steel Installed Correctly正確的安裝Inspected 檢查過(guò)Maintained 維護(hù)過(guò)Main Hoisting Line主提升線纜Wrong Way to Wind錯(cuò)誤纏繞方式Right Way to Wind正確的纏繞方式Fleet Angle小角度其他 OthersInstalled Correctly正確的安裝Main HFrequent 日常Daily visual inspection. 日常外觀檢查Observe rope during days operations. 在日常使用中觀察繩索Pe

60、riodic 定期Determined by a qualified person. 由有資質(zhì)的人員檢查Based on rope life, severity of environment, percentage of capacity lifts, frequency, shock loads. 根據(jù)繩索壽命、環(huán)境影響、提升能力百分比、使用強(qiáng)度和荷載量Main Hoisting Line其他 OthersFrequent 日常Periodic 定期Main HoiSix randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or three broken