專業(yè)英語作業(yè)和答案

1、 3/3專業(yè)英語作業(yè)和答案 一、 請將下列英文句子翻譯成漢語 （1）The recrystallized grain size at the instant of recrystallization is inversely proportional to the degree of deformation . 再結(jié)晶瞬間的再結(jié)晶的晶粒度大小和變形程度成反比。 （2）A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain , and is a mechanical device that has the purpose of transf

2、erring motion and/or force form a source to an output . 機(jī)構(gòu)或連桿是一個約束運(yùn)動鏈，并且是一個機(jī)械裝置，這個裝置可以把輸入端的運(yùn)動或是力傳輸?shù)捷敵龆?（3）In the United States material removal is a big businessin excess of $36109 per year , including material , labor , overhead , and machine-tool shipments , is spent . 在美國，機(jī)加工是一個很大的市場每年的花費(fèi)超過36109

3、美元，包括：原材料費(fèi)用，勞務(wù)費(fèi)用，管理費(fèi)用，機(jī)床運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用。 （4）The basic toolwork relationship in cutting is adequately described by means of four factors ：tool geometry , cutting speed , feed , and depth of cut . 切削加工中，基本的刀具工件的關(guān)系可以從四個方面來描述：刀具的幾何外形，切削速度，吃刀量，切削深度。 （5）The basic size is that size form which limits of size are deriv

4、ed by the application of allowances and tolerances. 基本尺寸是那樣的尺寸，從基本尺寸出來，靠應(yīng)用公差和允差來推導(dǎo)出尺寸極限。 請將下列英文句子翻譯成漢語 (1)Plastics have specific properties ,which may make them preferable to traditional materials for certain uses. In comparison with metals , for example ,plastics have both advantages and disadvanta

5、ges . Metals tend to be corroded by inorganic acids , such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid . Plastics tend to be resistant to these acids ,but can be dissolved or deformed by solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride ,which have the same carbon base as the plastics. Color must be applied to the

6、 surface of the metals, whereas it can be mixed in with plastics . Metals are more rigid than most plastics, while plastics are very light, with a specific gravity normally between 0.9 and 1.8. 塑料有一些特殊的性能，是塑料區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)材料的主要優(yōu)勢。相比于金屬，塑料既有優(yōu)勢也有缺陷，金屬容易被無機(jī)酸的腐蝕，如硫酸和鹽酸。塑料能夠很好的抵抗這些酸的腐蝕，但是可以被溶劑所溶解或引起變形，例如，溶劑四氯化碳與塑

7、料具有同樣的碳基。顏色必定只能涂到金屬的表面，而它可以跟塑料混合為一體。金屬比大多數(shù)塑料剛性要好，而塑料則非常之輕，通常塑料密度在0.91.8之間。 (2)At present ,the difference between the robot system and the work cell system is quite clear .The robot system includes only the robot hardware , whereas the work cell system includes the robot system components plus all th

8、e additional equipment required to produce the product .As manufacturers start integrating robot automation into increasingly complex production system, the distinction between the robot system and the robot will be programmed and controlled by a computeraided design and manufacturing system (CAD/CA

9、M). In others ,the tooling on the robot arm will be changed automatically by the system , depending on the need of the production process. 目前，機(jī)器人裝置與工作單元裝置之間的差別是十分清楚的。機(jī)器人裝置僅僅包括機(jī)器人硬件，而工作單元裝置卻包括機(jī)器人裝置零部件和加上生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品所需要的所有附加設(shè)備。 當(dāng)制造者著手創(chuàng)建的集成機(jī)器人自動化轉(zhuǎn)變成日益復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)裝置時，機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)和機(jī)器人之間的區(qū)別將在是否通過計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造（CAD/CAM）來進(jìn)行編程和控

10、制。另一方面，機(jī)器人手臂上的加工動作，根據(jù)生產(chǎn)工藝的需要由系統(tǒng)自動地改變。 翻譯下列句子 1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints. 最簡單的封閉式的連桿機(jī)構(gòu)就是四桿機(jī)構(gòu)，四桿機(jī)構(gòu)有三個運(yùn)動構(gòu)件（加上一個固定構(gòu)件）并且有四個銷軸。 2. Although the four-bar linkage and slider-crank mechanism are very usef

11、ul and found in thousands of applications, we can see that these linkages have limited performance level 雖然四桿機(jī)構(gòu)和曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)是非常有用而且在成千上萬的應(yīng)用中都可找到。但是我們還看到，這些連桿機(jī)構(gòu)其性能水平的發(fā)揮已經(jīng)受到限制。 3. The process of drawing kinematic diagrams and determining degrees of freedom of mechanisms are the first steps in both the kinem

12、atic analysis and synthesis process. 畫運(yùn)動圖和確定機(jī)構(gòu)自由度的過程，就是運(yùn)動分析和綜合過程的第一個階段。 4. The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design are marks of a successful kinematician. 設(shè)想相對運(yùn)動的能力，能推想出之所以這樣設(shè)計(jì)一個機(jī)構(gòu)的原因和對一個具體設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)

13、的能力是一個成功的機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)家的標(biāo)志。 5. Kinematic inversion is the process of fixing different links of a chain to create different mechanisms. 這個過程的動態(tài)反演是固定的,不同的連接創(chuàng)造出不同的機(jī)制。 翻譯下列短文 1. A kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a

14、 manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause each of the other links to move to a definite predictable position, then the system is a