Unit 4 Looking good,feeling good Grammar and usage 課件-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版(2020)必修第一冊(cè)

1、Section BGrammar and usageVocabulary 1. pressureunder pressure 在壓力下reduce pressure 減輕壓力put sb. under pressure 置某人于壓力之下put pressure on sb.給某人施加壓力be/come under pressure to do sth.面臨做某事的壓力air/water/blood pressure氣壓/水壓/血壓the pressures of work 工作壓力 press vt. 按；壓；催促，敦促練習(xí)：I know studying is very important,

2、 but my parents put too much _ (press) on me.pressure2. contributecontribute.to.向捐贈(zèng)；為撰稿contribute to sth/doing sth 造成/促成某事；是的原因之一contribution n.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；投稿make a contribution to (doing) sth 對(duì)做出貢獻(xiàn)contributor n.投稿人；捐款人；作出貢獻(xiàn)者練習(xí)：Rosa Parks made a great _ (contribute) to the civil-rights movement in the U.

3、S.contribution3. memoryin memory of紀(jì)念from memory 根據(jù)記憶beyond ones memory 某人記不得in/within ones memory 在某人記憶中short-term memory 短時(shí)記憶memorize v.記住，記憶練習(xí)：He founded the charity in memory _ his late wife.of4. attackan attack on 對(duì)的襲擊/抨擊launch/make an attack 發(fā)起/進(jìn)行攻擊under attack 受到攻擊have/suffer a heart attack 心

4、臟病發(fā)作attack sb. with sth.用某物襲擊某人attack sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而抨擊某人get attacked 受到攻擊attacker n.攻擊者練習(xí)：How will they react when the attackers get _ (attack)?attacked5. amountin amount總之；總計(jì)in large(small)amounts大(少）量地，大(小)批地a large amount of大量的large amounts of大量的amount to. 共計(jì)，合計(jì)a large amount of+不可數(shù)

5、名詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式large amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式練習(xí)：There _ a large amount of food in the store.is6. scheduleahead of schedule 提前on schedule 按時(shí)間表，準(zhǔn)時(shí)behind schedule 落后于預(yù)定計(jì)劃be scheduled for 預(yù)定；安排be scheduled to do sth 預(yù)計(jì)做某事練習(xí)：The new bridge has been finished two years ahead _ schedule.ofLeading in參考答案： One o

6、f the reasons why people fail to get a goodnights sleep is pressure from school or work. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not get enough sleep may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性

7、定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句是定語(yǔ)從句的一種，限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，表現(xiàn)為先行詞在意義上是不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，若省略，所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫(xiě)時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)，其中關(guān)系副詞用以修飾表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的先行詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。This is the town where I was born.這就是我出生的城鎮(zhèn)。We dont know the reason why he didnt show up.我們不知道他為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)。定義Ill never forget the day when

8、 I first met you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次見(jiàn)你的那天。What is the name of the village where we stayed yesterday?我們昨天待過(guò)的那個(gè)村子叫什么名字?The reason why he didnt come was unknown.他沒(méi)來(lái)的原因還不清楚。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系副詞（1）關(guān)系副詞 where where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞（如place，room，house，spot，school，country等），在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。They went into the hall where the meeting

9、was being held.他們走進(jìn)正在開(kāi)會(huì)的大廳。 where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.伽利略住在比薩城，那里有座大約180英尺高的斜塔。關(guān)系副詞where常可用“介詞(in/on/at/from) +which”來(lái)代替。The office where (at which) he works is not far from here.他工作的辦公室離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。Japan is the plac

10、e where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震頻繁爆發(fā)的地方。where有時(shí)還可用在“含有抽象地點(diǎn)意義的名詞”后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如 relationship“在關(guān)系中”，situation“在情況下”，point“達(dá)到程度”等，這些詞雖然不是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但在從句中表達(dá)的是“某個(gè)點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)”的含義。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is

11、 right and wrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。辨析：where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，where是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其前有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，從句修飾先行詞。引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，where是從屬連詞，從句修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，where前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.（定語(yǔ)從句）他使自己陷入了一種危險(xiǎn)的情況，他很可能會(huì)失去對(duì)飛機(jī)的控制。When you read th

12、e book, youd better make a mark where you have questions.（狀語(yǔ)從句）讀這本書(shū)的時(shí)候，你最好在有疑問(wèn)的地方做一下標(biāo)記。（2）關(guān)系副詞whenwhen引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞（如 time，day，week，month，year等），在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。He came at a time when I least expected him.他在我最意料不到的時(shí)候來(lái)了。Ill never forget the day when I left for college with my father.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我和父親動(dòng)身去大

13、學(xué)的那天。when可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Well put off the trip until next month, when the weather may be warmer.我們將旅行推遲到下個(gè)月，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)暖和一點(diǎn)。關(guān)系副詞 when有時(shí)可用“介詞(on/in/at.)+which”代替。I still remember the day when (on which) I joined the Youth League.我仍然記得我加入共青團(tuán)的那一天。（3）關(guān)系副詞whywhy一般只用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是reason等表示原因的名詞，在從句中作原因狀

14、語(yǔ)。Do you know the reason why she burst into tears?你知道她突然大哭的原因嗎？關(guān)系副詞why有時(shí)可用“介詞(for)+which”代替。The reason why (for which) he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard.他這次考試成功的原因是他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的time，day等或表示地點(diǎn)的place，house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果從句缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which；如果從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，

15、應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或where。Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together.（which/that在從句中作 spent的賓語(yǔ)）我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過(guò)的日子。His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.（which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）他父親在一家生產(chǎn)無(wú)線電零件的工廠里工作。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. （where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆

16、除了。Rewrite the following sentences using relative adverbs or preposition + which.1. I did not perform well at school last week. The reason was my poor-quality sleep.The reason why I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.或 The reason for which I did not perform well at sc

17、hool last week was my poor-quality sleep.2. I miss those days. I used to sleep really well in those days.Those were the days when I used to sleep really well.或 Those were the days in which I used to sleep really well.3. The hospital is near my home. I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.或 The hospital in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.4. I still remember that afternoon. That afternoo