1 高分子 macromolecule,polymer 又稱‘大分子’

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344高分子macromolecule,polymer又稱"大分子"。超高分子suprapolymer天然高分子naturalpolymer無機高分子inorganicpolymer有機高分子organicpolymer無機-有機高分子inorganicorganicpolymer金屬有機聚合物organometallicpolymer元素高分子elementpolymer高聚物highpolymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligomer曾用名"齊聚物"。二聚體dimer三聚體trimer調(diào)聚物telomer預(yù)聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer無規(guī)聚合物randompolymer無規(guī)卷曲聚合物randomcoilingpolymer非規(guī)整聚合物irregularpolymer無規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合物全同立構(gòu)聚合物間同立構(gòu)聚合物雜同立構(gòu)聚合物有規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合物atacticpolymerisotacticpolymersyndiotacticpolymerheterotacticpolymer頭-頭聚合物head-to-headpolymer頭-尾聚合物head-to-tailpolymer尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tailpolymer反式有規(guī)聚合物transtacticpolymer順式有規(guī)聚合物cistacticpolymer非規(guī)整聚合物irregularpolymer無規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合物全同立構(gòu)聚合物間同立構(gòu)聚合物雜同立構(gòu)聚合物有規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合物atacticpolymerisotacticpolymersyndiotacticpolymerheterotacticpolymer蘇型雙全同立構(gòu)聚合物蘇型雙間同立構(gòu)聚合物赤型雙全同立構(gòu)聚合物赤型雙間同立構(gòu)聚合物又稱"等規(guī)聚合物"。

又稱"間規(guī)聚合物"。

又稱"異規(guī)聚合物"。

stereoregularpolymer,tacticpolymer又稱"有規(guī)聚合物"。蘇型雙全同立構(gòu)聚合物蘇型雙間同立構(gòu)聚合物赤型雙全同立構(gòu)聚合物赤型雙間同立構(gòu)聚合物threo-diisotacticpolymerthreo-disyndiotacticpolymererythro-diisotacticpolymererythro-disyndiotacticpolymer全同間同等量聚合物equitacticpolymer共聚物copolymer二元共聚物binarycopolymer三元共聚物terpolymer多元聚合物multipolymer序列共聚物sequentialcopolymer多層共聚物multilayercopolymer多相聚合物multiphasepolymer統(tǒng)計［結(jié)構(gòu)］共聚物statisticalcopolymer無規(guī)共聚物randomcopolymer

45464546474849505152535455565758596061alternatingcopolymerperiodiccopolymergradientcopolymerblockcopolymer又稱"嵌段聚合物(blockpolymer)"。遞變嵌段共聚物taperedblockcopolymer兩親嵌段共聚物amphiphilicblockcopolymer二嵌段共聚物diblockcopolymer三嵌段共聚物triblockcopolymer多嵌段共聚物segmentedcopolymer雜聚物heteropolymer恒［組］分共聚物azeotropiccopolymer多組分共聚物multicomponentcopolymer單分散聚合物monodispersepolymer,uniformpolymer多分散性聚合物alternatingcopolymerperiodiccopolymergradientcopolymerblockcopolymer又稱"嵌段聚合物(blockpolymer)"。62單股聚合物single-strandpolymer63雙股聚合物double-strandpolymer64多股聚合物62單股聚合物single-strandpolymer63雙股聚合物double-strandpolymer64多股聚合物multi-strandpolymer65鏈型聚合物chainpolymer66碳鏈聚合物carbonchainpolymer67雜鏈聚合物heterochainpolymer68雜環(huán)高分子heterocyclicpolymer69大環(huán)聚合物macrocyclicpolymer70直鏈高分子straightchainpolymer71線型聚合物linearpolymer72體型聚合物three-dimensionalpolymer聯(lián)聚合物(crosslinkedpolymer)"。73活［性］高分子livingpolymer74反應(yīng)性聚合物reactivepolymer75極性聚合物polarpolymer76非極性聚合物non-polarpolymer77剛性鏈聚合物rigidchainpolymer78半柔性鏈聚合物semi-flexiblechainpolymer79柔性鏈聚合物flexiblechainpolymer80剛棒高分子rigidrodpolymer81棒狀高分子rodlikepolymer82剛-柔嵌段共聚物rodcoilblockcopolymer83樹狀高分子dendrimer,dendriticpolymer,t84刷狀聚合物brushpolymer85線團狀聚合物coiling□typepolymer86花菜狀聚合物cauliflowerpolymer87螺旋形聚合物helicalpolymerpolymer又稱"網(wǎng)絡(luò)聚合物(networkpolymer)"、交888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131combpolymerstarpolymertelechelicpolymerbranchedpolymerhyperbranchedpolymergraftpolymer又稱"接枝共聚物(graftcopolymer)"。coreshellcopolymer錐形共聚物taperedcopolymer梯形聚合物ladderpolymer分段梯形聚合物stepladderpolymercombpolymerstarpolymertelechelicpolymerbranchedpolymerhyperbranchedpolymergraftpolymer又稱"接枝共聚物(graftcopolymer)"。coreshellcopolymer核-殼膠乳聚合物coreshelllatexpolymer手性高分子chiralpolymer互穿［聚合物］網(wǎng)絡(luò)interpenetratingpolymernetworks,IPNpolycrystallinepolymerassociationpolymerconjugatedpolymerchelatepolymertelechelicpolymerchelatingion-exchangerresin半互穿［聚合物］網(wǎng)絡(luò)semi-interpenetratingpolymernetwork(SIPN)異質(zhì)同晶聚合物polyallomer多晶形聚合物締合聚合物共軛聚合物螯合聚合物遠螯聚合物螯合［型］離子交換劑螯合［型］樹脂chelating紫膠shellac又稱"蟲膠"polycrystallinepolymerassociationpolymerconjugatedpolymerchelatepolymertelechelicpolymerchelatingion-exchangerresin蠶絲［natural］silk骨膠原collagen凝膠gel明膠gelatin黃原膠xanthategum瓊脂agar-agar樹膠gum白蛋白albumin脫氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)淀粉amylum，starch直鏈淀粉amylose支鏈淀粉amylopectin甲殼質(zhì)chitin葡聚糖dextran又稱"右旋糖酐"。糊精dextrin木素lignin纖維素cellulosea纖維素acellulose卩纖維素卩cellulose

Y纖維素ycellulose硝酸纖維素cellulosenitrate又稱"硝化纖維素"。胺纖維素aminecellulose乙酸纖維素celluloseacetate俗稱"醋酸纖維素"。甲基纖維素methylcellulose羥乙基纖維素hydroxyethylcellulose羧甲基纖維素carboxymethylcellulose天然橡膠naturalrubber三葉橡膠Hevea杜仲膠Eucommearubber古塔波膠Guttapercha合成聚合物syntheticpolymer加［成］聚［合］物additionpolymer通用高分子commoditypolymer功能高分子functionalpolymer仿生高分子biomimeticpolymer形狀記憶高分子shape-memorypolymer類酶高分子enzymelikepolymer生物高分子biopolymer生物彈性體bioelastomer生物活性高分子bioactivepolymer生物可蝕性高分子bioerodablepolymer生物降解高分子biodegradablepolymer醫(yī)用高分子medicalpolymer生物醫(yī)用高分子biomedicalpolymer高分子藥物polymerdrug降解性高分子degradablepolymer高性能高分子highperformancepolymer高模量聚合物highmoduluspolymer特殊性能高分子specialitypolymer又稱"特種高分子"。智能聚合物intelligentpolymer親水聚合物hydrophilicpolymer疏水聚合物hydrophobicpolymer兩親聚合物amphiphilicpolymer吸水性聚合物waterabsorbentpolymer水溶性高分子watersolublepolymer大孔聚合物macroporouspolymer精細高分子finepolymer?聚合物?-polymer俗稱"米花狀聚合物(popcornpolymer)"。熱解聚合物pyrolyticpolymer高熔聚合物dystecticpolymer132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175光響應(yīng)高分子photoresponsivepolymer光活性聚合物opticalactivepolymer光敏聚合物photosensitivepolymer176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219光彈性聚合物photoelasticpolymer感光聚合物photopolymer光致發(fā)光聚合物photoluminescencepolymer電致發(fā)光聚合物electroluminescentpolymer熱敏發(fā)光聚合物thermosensitiveluminescencepolymer光交聯(lián)聚合物photocrosslinkablepolymer光固化聚合物photocureablepolymer輻射固化聚合物radiationcurablepolymer光降解聚合物photodegradablepolymer輻射降解聚合物radiation-degradablepolymer光［電］導(dǎo)聚合物photoconductivepolymer導(dǎo)電聚合物conductingpolymer超導(dǎo)聚合物superconductivepolymer高分子半導(dǎo)體semiconductingpolymer電活性聚合物electroactivepolymer壓電高分子piezoelectricpolymer熱電性高分子pyroelectricpolymer電致變色聚合物electrochromicpolymer磁性聚合物magneticpolymer超離子導(dǎo)電聚合物superion-conductivepolymer鐵磁聚合物ferromagneticpolymer鐵電聚合物ferroelectricpolymer燒蝕聚合物ablativepolymer高分子離子macroion聚合物駐極體polymerelectret高分子添加劑polymericadditive液晶高分子liquidcrystalpolymer溶致液晶高分子lyotropicliquidcrystallinepolymer熱致液晶高分子thermotropicliquidcrystallinepolymer側(cè)鏈型液晶聚合物sidechainliquidcrystallinepolymer主鏈型液晶聚合物mainchainliquidcrystallinepolymer高分子催化劑polymercatalyst高分子載體polymericcarrier,polymersupport高分子試劑polymerreactant,polymerreagent離子交聯(lián)聚合物ionomer離子交換聚合物ionexchangepolymer離子交換樹脂ionexchangeresin正離子交換樹脂cationexchangeresin負離子交換樹脂anionexchangeresin大網(wǎng)絡(luò)樹脂macroreticularresin離子聚合物ionicpolymer聚電解質(zhì)polyelectrolyte又稱"高分子電解質(zhì)(polymerelec-trolyte)"。兩性聚電解質(zhì)polyampholyte,polyamphotericelectrolyte聚合物溶劑polymersolvent

220樹脂resin221熱敏性樹脂thermallysensitiveresin222天然樹脂naturalresin223熱塑性樹脂thermoplasticresin224熱固性樹脂thermosettingresin225塑性體plastomer226烴類樹脂hydrocarbonresin227石油樹脂petroleumresin228茚樹脂indeneresin229苯并呋喃-茚樹脂coumarone-indeneresin230萜烯樹脂terpeneresin231丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯樹脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneresin232丙烯腈-苯乙烯樹脂acrylonitrilestyreneresin(AS)233丙烯酸［酯］類樹脂acrylicresin234氟碳樹脂fluorocarbonresin235縮醛樹脂acetalresin236縮甲醛樹脂methylalresin237縮丁醛樹脂butyralresin238酚醛樹脂phenol-formaldehyderesin,phenolicresin239甲階酚醛樹脂resol又叫"可溶酚醛樹脂"。240乙階酚醛樹脂resitol又叫"半熔酚醛樹脂"。241丙階酚醛樹脂resite又叫"不溶不熔酚醛樹脂"。242糠醛樹脂furfuralresin243糠醛苯酚樹脂furfuralphenolresin244苯酚醚樹脂phenoletherresin245呋喃樹脂furanresin246氨基樹脂aminoresin247脲醛樹脂urea-formaldehyderesin248聚脲樹脂carbamideresin又叫"碳酰胺樹脂"。249尿素樹脂urearesin250三聚氰胺樹脂Aminotriazineresin251三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂melamine-formaldehyderesin,melamineresin252聚酯類樹脂polyesterresin253醇酸樹脂alkydresin254烯丙基樹脂allylresin255有機硅樹脂siliconeresin256氟樹脂fluoroethyleneresin257環(huán)氧樹脂epoxyresin258脂肪族環(huán)氧樹脂aliphaticepoxyresin259雙酚A環(huán)氧樹脂bisphenolAepoxyresin260氧化還原樹脂redoxresin261烯類聚合物vinylpolymer262雙烯聚合物dienepolymer263烯烴共聚物olefinecopolymer(OCP)簡稱”ABS樹脂”。

264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307乙烯基聚合物vinylpolymer聚烯烴polyolefin聚乙烯polyethylene超高分子量聚乙烯ultrahighmolecularweightpolyethylene,UHMWPE高密度聚乙烯highdensitypolyethylene,HDPE低密度聚乙烯lowdensitypolyethylene,LDPE線型低密度聚乙烯linearlowdensitypolyethylene,LLDPE超低密度聚乙烯ultralowdensitypolyethylene,ULDPE長支鏈聚乙烯longchainbranchedpolyethylene聚丙烯polypropylene全同立構(gòu)聚丙烯isotacticpolypropylene(iPP)又稱"等規(guī)聚丙烯"。聚1-丁烯poly(1-butene)聚異丁烯polyisobutylene聚4-甲基-1-戊烯poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)聚(1-辛烯)poly(1-octene)聚苯乙烯polystyrene高抗沖聚苯乙烯highimpactpolystyrene,HIPS聚乙炔polyacetylene丙烯酸［酯］類聚合物acrylicpolymer聚丙烯酸poly(acrylicacid)聚丙烯酸鹽polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polyacrylate聚甲基丙烯酸酯polymethacrylate聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯poly(methylmethacrylate)乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物ethylenevinylacetatecopolymer(EVA)聚乳酸poly(lacticacid)，polylactide聚(卩-氨基丙酸)poly(卩alanine)又稱"尼龍3"、"聚酰胺3"。聚(①-氨基己酸)poly(?aminocaproicacid)又稱"尼龍6"、"聚酰胺6"。聚(8-氨基辛酸)poly(8aminocaprylicacid)又稱"尼龍8"、"聚酰胺8"聚胱氨酸polycysteine聚谷氨酸poly(glutamicacid)又叫"聚2-氨基戊二酸"。聚甘氨酸polyglycine聚丙烯腈polyacrylonitrile聚乙酸乙烯酯poly(vinylacetate)俗稱"聚醋酸乙烯酯"。聚乙二醇poly(oxyethyleneglycol)聚乙烯醇poly(vinylalcohol)聚乙烯醇縮甲醛poly(vinylformal)聚乙烯醇縮丁醛poly(vinylbutyral)聚氯乙烯poly(vinylchloride)聚1,2-二氯亞乙烯poly(vinylenechloride)聚偏二氯乙烯poly(vinylidenechloride)又稱"聚偏［二］氯乙烯"。聚氟乙烯poly(vinylfluoride)聚偏二氟乙烯poly(vinylidenefluoride)又稱"聚偏［二］氟乙烯"。聚三氟氯乙烯poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene),PCTFE

308聚四氟乙烯308聚四氟乙烯309聚全氟丙烯310聚丁二烯1,4-聚丁二烯1,4-polybutadiene1,2-聚丁二烯1,2-polybutadiene順［式］-1,4-聚丁二烯cis-1,4-polybutadiene反［式］-1,4-聚丁二烯trans-1,4-polybutadiene聚環(huán)戊二烯polycyclopentadiene聚異戊二烯polyisoprene1,2-聚異戊二烯1,2-polyisoprene3,4-聚異戊二烯3,4-polyisoprene順［式］-1,4-聚異戊二烯cis-1,4-polyisoprene反［式］-1,4-聚異戊二烯trans-1,4-polyisoprene聚氯丁二烯polychloroprene322開環(huán)聚環(huán)烯烴polyalkenamer對于環(huán)烯烴的聚合產(chǎn)物，由于聚合機理的不同，一種是開環(huán)聚合，一種是保留環(huán)打開雙鍵的聚合。聚降冰片烯polynorbornene醛類聚合物aldehydepolymer丙烯醛類聚合物acroleinpolymer乙炔類聚合物acetylenicpolymer丙二烯聚合物allenepolymer二乙炔聚合物diacetylenepolymer二烯丙基聚合物diallylpolymer偶氮類聚合物azopolymer氧雜環(huán)丁烷聚合物oxetanepolymer配位聚合物coordinationpolymer阻透聚合物barrierpolymer氧化性聚合物oxidativepolymer縮聚物polycondensate共縮聚物intercondensationpolymer聚羧酸酯polycarboxylate聚酯polyester脂肪族聚酯aliphaticpolyester芳香族聚酯aromaticpolyester共聚酯copolyester飽和聚酯saturatedpolyester不飽和聚酯unsaturatedpolyester聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯poly(ethyleneterephthalate)聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯poly(tetramethyleneterephthalate),poly(butyleneterephthalate)聚對苯二甲酸對苯二酯poly(p-phenyleneterephthalate)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate雙酚A聚碳酸酯bisphenolApolycarbonate聚酰胺polyamide

350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393聚醚酰胺poly(etheramide)聚己內(nèi)酰胺polycaprolactam聚己二酰己二胺poly(hexamethyleneadipamide)聚芳酰胺polyaramide,aromaticpolyamide多肽polypeptide聚醚polyether芳香族聚醚poly(arylether)共聚醚copolyether嵌段聚醚酯blockpoly(esterether)聚甲醛polyoxymethylene,polyformaldehyde低聚甲醛paraformaldehyde又稱"多聚甲醛"。共聚甲醛copolyoxymethylene聚環(huán)氧乙烷poly(ethyleneoxide)又稱"聚氧化乙烯(polyoxyethylene)"。聚環(huán)氧丙烷poly(propyleneoxide)又稱"聚氧化丙烯(polyoxytrimethyl-ene)"。聚環(huán)氧氯丙烷polyepichlorohydrin聚四氫呋喃polytetrahydrofuran,polyoxytetramethylene聚苯醚polyphenyleneoxide又稱"聚亞苯醚"。聚硫醚polythioether聚硫化物polysulfide聚對亞苯硫醚poly(p-phenylenesulfide)俗稱"聚苯硫醚"。聚對亞苯poly(p-phenylene)聚砜polysulfone聚芳砜poly(arylsulfone)(PAS)聚芳砜酰胺aromaticpolysulfonamide聚醚砜poly(ethersulfone)聚二苯醚砜poly(diphenylethersulfone)聚酰亞胺polyimide聚均苯四酰亞胺-1,4-亞苯poly(pyromellitimido-1,4-phenylene)聚苯并咪唑polybenzimidazole聚苯并噻唑polybenzothiazole聚喹喔啉polyquinoxaline聚醚酮poly(ether-ketone),PEK聚醚醚酮poly(ether-ether-ketone),PEEK聚醚酮酮poly(ether-ketone-ketone),PEKK聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane簡稱"聚氨酯"。聚脲polyurea聚醚氨酯poly(ether-urethane)聚苯胺polyaniline苯醌聚合物quinonepolymer硅酸鹽聚合物silicatepolymer,polysilicate塑料plastic塑料合金plasticalloy工程塑料engineeringplastic增強塑料reinforcedplastic

纖維增強塑料fiberreinforcedplastic自增強聚合物self-reinforcingpolymer復(fù)合材料composite納米復(fù)合材料nanocomposite分子復(fù)合材料molecularcomposite原位復(fù)合材料insitucomposite有機-無機雜化材料organicinorganichybridmaterial混雜復(fù)合材料hybridcomposite橡膠rubber403高彈體elastomer又稱"彈性體"。404405406404405406407408409410411飽和橡膠saturatedrubber不飽和橡膠unsaturatedrubber氫化橡膠hydrogenatedrubber集成橡膠integratedrubber異戊橡膠isoprenerubber苯乙烯-異戊二烯-丁二烯橡膠styreneisoprenebutadienerubber(SIBR)三元乙丙橡膠ethylenepropyleneterpolymer,EPT,ethylenepropylenedienemonomer,EPDM又稱"乙丙三元橡膠"。二元乙丙橡膠ethylenepropylenerubber,EPR,ethylenepropylenecopolymer,ethylenepropylenemonomer,EPM又稱"乙丙二元橡膠"。丁腈橡膠butadiene-acrylonitrilerubber,nitrilerubber氫化丁腈橡膠hydrogenatedbutadiene-acrylonitrilerubber羧基丁腈橡膠carboxyterminatednitrilerubber順丁橡膠cis-1,4-polybutadienerubber丁基橡膠butylrubber鹵化丁基橡膠halogenatedbutylrubber丁苯橡膠styrenebutadienerubber,SBR溶聚丁苯橡膠solutionpolymerizedbutadienestyrenerubber(SSBR)乳聚丁苯橡膠emulsionpolymerizedbutadienestyrenerubber(ESBR)氯丁橡膠chloroprenerubber氯化聚乙烯chlorinatedpolyethylene(CPE)氯磺化聚乙烯chlorosulfonatedpolyethylene聚硫橡膠polysulfiderubber丁吡橡膠pyridinebutadienerubber氟橡膠fluororubber,fluoroelastomer氟硅橡膠fluorosiliconerubber氟醚橡膠fluoroetherrubber三嗪氟橡膠fluorinatedtriazinerubber亞硝基氟橡膠nitrosofluororubber硅橡膠siliconrubber二甲基硅橡膠dimethylsiliconerubber甲基