2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湖南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)82

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湖南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-limeandthenatureofblackholes.At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievementjobs,researchpapers,awardswasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversusrightbrain,ornatureversusnurture,1wouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.

Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.

TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmanyofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.StillIdon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.

1.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomenscientistagain?

2.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto（）.

3.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?

4.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?

5.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields

B.Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.

C.Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.

D.Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theveryfactthatsheisawoman

B.herinvolvementingenderpolitics

C.herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicist

D.theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience

B.Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle

C.People’sstereotypedattitudetowardsfemalescientists

D.Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurture

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues

B.Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.

C.Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents

D.Morefemalesstudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.

B.Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.

C.Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.

D.Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievementjobs,researchpapers,awardswasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics.”但當(dāng)我在麻省理工學(xué)院獲得博士學(xué)位，然后作為一名從事太空研究的博士后時(shí)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題開(kāi)始困擾我。我的每一項(xiàng)成就——工作、研究論文、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)——都是通過(guò)性別政治的視角來(lái)看待的。由此可知，作者受夠了性別歧視的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Myeveryachievementjobs,researchpapers,awardswasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics.Soweremyfailures.”我的每一項(xiàng)成就——工作、研究論文、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)——都是通過(guò)性別政治的視角來(lái)看待的，包括我的失敗也是如此。也就是說(shuō)，人們將作者的失敗歸咎于她是女性這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversusrightbrain,ornatureversusnurture,1wouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.”有時(shí)，當(dāng)我被迫就左腦與右腦，或先天與后天進(jìn)行辯論時(shí)，我會(huì)立即為我和所有女性的利益展開(kāi)激烈的斗爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者在紐約的一所女子學(xué)員進(jìn)行研究和教學(xué)。最近，有人問(wèn)我班上45個(gè)學(xué)生中有多少是女生。你無(wú)法想象我回答45個(gè)時(shí)有多滿足。因?yàn)樗齻冋宫F(xiàn)出45位熱愛(ài)科學(xué)的女性形象，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.”相反，我讓她們看到她們物理教授懷著孕還在做實(shí)驗(yàn)的一幕。作者是想讓她的學(xué)生們知道：女性可以在科學(xué)事業(yè)和家庭之間取得平衡。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.單選題

Alltypesofstressstudy,whetherunderlaboratoryorreal-lifesituations,studymechanismsforincreasingthearousallevelofthebrain.

Thebrainbloodflowstudiesshowthatrecitingthedaysoftheweekandmonthsoftheyearincreasesbloodflowinappreciateareas,whereasproblemsolvingwhichdemandsintenseconcentrationofareasoningtypeproducesmuchlargerchangesinthedistributionofbloodinthebrain.

Betweenthesebasicstudiesofbrainfunctionandreallifesituationsthereisstillaconsiderablegap,butreasonabledeductionseemspossibletotryandunderstandwhathappenstothebrain.Lifeconsistsofaseriesofeventswhichmayberelatedtoworkortoourso-calledleisuretime.Workmayberelativelyautomatic—aswithtyping,forinstance.Itrequiresintenseconcentrationandrepetitionduringthelearningphasetoestablishapatterninthebrain.Thenthetypist’'sfingersautomaticallymovetohittheappropriatekeysasshereadsthewordsonthecopy.

However,whenshegetstiredshemakesmistakesmuchmorefrequently.Toovercomethisshehastoraiseherlevelofarousalandconcentrationbutbeyondacertainpointtheautomaticautomaticityislostandthinkingabouthittingthekeysleadstomoremistakes.

Otherjobsinvolveintenseconcentrationsuchasholdingbottlesofwineuptoastronglightandturningthemupsidedowntolookforparticlesofdirtfallingdown.Thissoundsquiteeasybutexperienceteachesthatworkerscandothisforonlyaboutthirtyminutesbeforetheystartmakingamistake.Thisispartlybecausethenumberofoccasionswithdirtinthebottleislowandthearousallevel,therefore,fallsfails.Scientistshaveshownthatdevicestoraisearousallevelwillincreasetheaccuracyoflookingforrelativelyrareevents.Arecentstudyoftheeffectoflossofsleepinyoungdoctorsshowedthatintestsinvolvingachallengetotheirmedicaljudgmentwhenshortofsleeptheyraisedtheirarousallevelandbecamebetterattestsofgrammaticalreasoningaswell.

1.Accordingtothebrainbloodfollowstudiesproblemsolving________.

2.Theauthorbelievesthat________.

3.Whenatypistgetstired________.

4.Examiningbottlesofwineishardworkbecause________.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,akeyfactorintheabilitytoreasonis________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.increasesbloodflowinsomeareasofthebrain

B.causeschangesinthedistributionofbloodinthebrain

C.demandsintenseconcentrationofbloodincertainareas

D.isbasedontheabilitytorecitethetime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theresultsobtainedinthelaboratoryexactlyreflectsthereal-lifesituations

B.thegapbetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationsistoolargetofillup

C.thegapbetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationscanbeclosedbyproperreasoning

D.thedifferencebetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationswillbereduced

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.shehastotryhardtoraiseherautomatic

B.shecantypeonlyautomatically

C.shecannotthinkaboutwhatsheisdoing

D.shecanseldomtypeautomatically

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebottlesmustbeheldupsidedown

B.itisdifficulttoseetheparticlesofdirt

C.itrequireshighlevelofautomatic

D.mostbottlesareallright

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesubject’sknowledgeofgrammar

B.theamountofsleepthesubjecthashad

C.thelevelofarousalofthesubject

D.theextenttowhichthesubjecthasbeentaughttoreason

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段Thebrainbloodflowstudiesshowthat...whereasproblemsolvingwhichdemandsintenseconcentrationofareasoningtypeproducesmuchlargerchangesinthedistributionofbloodinthebrain.（大腦血液流動(dòng)的研究表明，在解決像推理這樣的高度集中精力的問(wèn)題時(shí)，大腦的血液分布會(huì)發(fā)生更大的變化。），所以B選項(xiàng)“引起大腦血液分布的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“增加大腦某些區(qū)域的血流量”對(duì)應(yīng)第二段“背誦一周中的幾天和一年中的幾個(gè)月會(huì)增加相應(yīng)區(qū)域的血流，而在解決像推理這樣的高度集中精力的問(wèn)題時(shí)，大腦的血液分布會(huì)發(fā)生更大的變化”，此處提到增加大腦某些區(qū)域的血流量是背誦一些簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題，而解決問(wèn)題需要高度集中精力，便會(huì)影響大腦的血液分布情況，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；C選項(xiàng)“在某些區(qū)域需要高度集中的血液”，文中提到的是高度集中精力的問(wèn)題，而不是血液，屬于曲解原文；D選項(xiàng)“是基于背誦時(shí)間的能力”文章沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段開(kāi)頭Betweenthesebasicstudiesofbrainfunctionandreallifesituationsthereisstillaconsiderablegap,butreasonabledeductionseemspossibletotryandunderstandwhathappenstothebrain.（在這些關(guān)于大腦功能的基礎(chǔ)研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活情況之間仍然有相當(dāng)大的差距，但合理的推斷似乎有可能嘗試和理解大腦發(fā)生了什么。），由此可推斷出作者認(rèn)為雖然實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間仍有差距，但是通過(guò)合理的推斷，這種差距可以縮小，所以C選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活之間的差距可以通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)耐评韥?lái)彌補(bǔ)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室得到的結(jié)果完全反映了現(xiàn)實(shí)情況”對(duì)應(yīng)第三段開(kāi)頭，這里提到了實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活有很大差距，說(shuō)明其并不能完全反映現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況，所以A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活之間的差距太大了，無(wú)法填補(bǔ)”對(duì)應(yīng)第三段開(kāi)頭，文章提到了這種差距可以通過(guò)合理的推斷縮小，所以B選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾；D選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究和實(shí)際情況之間的差異將減少”對(duì)應(yīng)第三段開(kāi)頭，文章講的是通過(guò)合理的推斷這種差異才會(huì)縮小，該選項(xiàng)并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)原文的條件，屬于曲解原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段結(jié)尾Workmayberelativelyautomatic—aswithtyping,forinstance,itrequiresintenseconcentrationandrepetitionduringthelearningphasetoestablishapatterninthebrain.Thenthetypist’sfingersautomaticallymovetohittheappropriatekeysasshereadsthewordsonthecopy.（工作可能是相對(duì)自動(dòng)化的，比如打字，在學(xué)習(xí)階段需要高度集中和重復(fù)，在大腦中建立模式。打字員的手指會(huì)自然移動(dòng)，在她閱讀副本上的單詞時(shí)按下相應(yīng)的鍵。）和第四段開(kāi)頭However,whenshegetstiredshemakesmistakesmuchmorefrequently.Toovercomethisshehastoraiseherlevelofarousalandconcentrationbutbeyondacertainpointtheautomaticislostandthinkingabouthittingthekeysleadstomoremistakes.（然而，她在累的時(shí)候會(huì)更頻繁地犯錯(cuò)。為了克服這個(gè)問(wèn)題，她必須提高自己的興奮和專注水平，但超過(guò)一定程度，自動(dòng)的感覺(jué)就會(huì)消失，一想到要敲擊鍵盤就會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的錯(cuò)誤。），由此可推斷出當(dāng)打字的人累了的時(shí)候，她的興奮和專注水平下降，從而導(dǎo)致她的手指不能自動(dòng)移動(dòng)，所以D選項(xiàng)“她很少能自動(dòng)打字”正確。A選項(xiàng)“她必須努力提高她的自動(dòng)化水平”以及C選項(xiàng)“她無(wú)法思考自己在做什么”文章都沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；B選項(xiàng)“她只能自動(dòng)打字”對(duì)應(yīng)原文第四段，此處說(shuō)到她不能自動(dòng)打字，所以B選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段開(kāi)頭Otherjobsinvolveintenseconcentrationsuchasholdingbottlesofwineuptoastronglightandturningthemupsidedowntolookforparticlesofdirtfallingdown.Thissoundsquiteeasybutexperienceteachesthatworkerscandothisforonlyaboutthirtyminutesbeforetheystartmakingamistake.Thisispartlybecausethenumberofoccasionswithdirtinthebottleislowandthearousallevel,therefore,fails.（還有一些工作需要高度集中注意力，比如把酒瓶舉到強(qiáng)光下，然后把酒瓶倒過(guò)來(lái)看有沒(méi)有落下的灰塵顆粒。這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很容易，但經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，工人們只需要30分鐘就會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。這部分是因?yàn)槠孔永镉谢覊m的次數(shù)很低，因此喚醒水平也不高。），由此可推斷出檢查酒瓶這項(xiàng)工作困難的原因是大多數(shù)瓶子都沒(méi)問(wèn)題，所以喚醒水平降低，從而導(dǎo)致人們?nèi)菀壮鲥e(cuò)，D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)瓶子都沒(méi)問(wèn)題”正確。A選項(xiàng)“瓶子必須倒置”對(duì)應(yīng)第五段，雖然文章有提到，但是與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；B選項(xiàng)“泥垢很難被看清”和C選項(xiàng)“它需要高水平的自動(dòng)化”文章沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段結(jié)尾Arecentstudyoftheeffectoflossofsleepinyoungdoctorsshowedthatintestsinvolvingachallengetotheirmedicaljudgmentwhenshortofsleeptheyraisedtheirarousallevelandbecamebetterattestsofgrammaticalreasoningaswell.（最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于年輕醫(yī)生睡眠不足影響的研究表明，當(dāng)睡眠不足時(shí)，在涉及挑戰(zhàn)他們醫(yī)學(xué)判斷的測(cè)試中，他們提高了覺(jué)醒水平，在語(yǔ)法推理測(cè)試中也表現(xiàn)得更好。），由此可推斷出推理能力的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是主體的覺(jué)醒水平，所以C選項(xiàng)“主體的覺(jué)醒水平”說(shuō)法正確。A選項(xiàng)“主體的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)”文章沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；B選項(xiàng)“受試者的睡眠量”對(duì)應(yīng)文章結(jié)尾，雖然有提到，但與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；D選項(xiàng)“主體被教導(dǎo)去推理的程度”文章沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialcasefor“academicmobility”isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.

Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,andtheirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whethereitherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues;onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.

Inthe20thcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheairplane,makingcontactbetweenschoolseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.

Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearningandafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkmsomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravelersbecause（）.

2.Thewritersaysthattravelwasimportantinthepastbecauseit（）.

3.What,inthewriter’sopinion,happenstoascholarwhoshareshisideaswithhiscolleagues?

4.Accordingtothepassage,therecentgrowthinairtravelhasmeantthat（）.

5.Thewriterthinksthatacademicworkhasrecentlybecomemorespecializedbecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Salariesandconditionsarebetterabroad

B.standardsarehigheratforeignuniversities

C.theyareeagerfornewknowledge

D.theirgovernmentencouragethemtotravel

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ledtoeconomicprogress

B.wasawayofspreadingideas

C.madenewideaslessshocking

D.brokedownpoliticalbarriers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hegainsrecognitionforhisachievements

B.Heattractslargenumbersofstudents

C.Heriskshisideasbeingstolen

D.Heisconsideredslightlymad

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.morestudentsfromremoteareascanattenduniversity

B.universitiescanbebuiltinremoterplaces】

C.scholarscanmeeteachothermoreeasily

D.textbookshavewidecirculation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplearestudyingsciences

B.agreatervarietyofsubjectsisstudied

C.morestudentsaredoingpostgraduatework

D.thenumberofuniversitieshasincreased

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句,認(rèn)真的學(xué)生總是準(zhǔn)備出國(guó)尋找最具啟發(fā)性的老師和最著名的學(xué)院;尋找最純粹的哲學(xué),最有效的醫(yī)學(xué),最有可能的黃金之路?？偠灾?他們渴望新知識(shí),所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,...”這種流動(dòng)也意味著思想的流動(dòng)...由此可知作者認(rèn)為過(guò)去的游學(xué)很重要的原因是：游學(xué)是傳播思想的一種方式。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段第二句,學(xué)習(xí)的目的是與學(xué)生或同事分享;有人認(rèn)為,只有怪人才對(duì)一項(xiàng)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)或一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的功勞不感興趣。也就是說(shuō),通過(guò)分享,分享者的成就獲得了人們的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知,交通工具的發(fā)展使得學(xué)者之間聯(lián)系更為方便,所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句,人們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到學(xué)科的大量增加,特別是在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,由于擴(kuò)大了高級(jí)研究的總領(lǐng)域,產(chǎn)生了大量的專家,他們的特殊興趣得到了精確的界定。由此可知,學(xué)術(shù)研究越來(lái)越專業(yè)是由于學(xué)科的大量增加,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.單選題

Thoughfinedseveraltimes,hestill（）noimportancetohisoldhabits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.clings

C.sticks

D.attaches

【答案】D

【解析】attachimportanceto為固定搭配,意為“重視,注意”。句意：盡管被罰了幾次款,他仍然不重視他的舊習(xí)慣。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropicalAtlanticandCaribbeanseas.Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus,andseveralusuallymaketheirwaytothecoast.Theretheycausemillionsofdollarsofdamage,andbringdeathtolargenumbersofpeople.

Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.Astheytravelaimlesslyoverwaterwarmedbythesummersun,theyarecarriedwestwardbythetradewinds.Whenconditionsarejustright,warm,moistairflowsinatthebottomofsuchadisturbance,movesupwardthroughitandcomesoutatthetop.Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain,andwithittheheatthatisconvertedtoenergyintheformofstrongwinds.Astheheatincreases,theyounghurricanebeginstoswirlinacounter-clockwisemotion.

Theaveragelifeofahurricaneisonlyaboutninedays,butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine.Theenergyintheheatreleasedbyahurricane’srainfallinasingledaywouldsatisfytheentireelectricalneedsoftheUnitedStatesformorethansixmonths.Water,notwind,isthemainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane.Atypicalhurricanebrings6to12-inchdownpoursresultinginsuddenfloods.Worstofallisthepowerfulmovementofthesea—themountainsofwatermovingtowardthelow-pressurehurricanecenter.Thewaterlevelrisesasmuchas15feetabovenormalasitmovestowardshore.

1.Whenisastormconsideredtobeahurricane?

2.Theunderlined“innocentcirclingdisturbances”inParagraph2means________.

3.Theunderlined“it”in“movesupwardthroughit”inParagraph2refersto________.

4.Strongwindsareproducedbecauseof________.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whenitisaccompaniedbywind.

B.Whenitisaccompaniedbybothwindandrain.

C.Whenitscirclingwindsmoveat75milesperhourorevenmore.

D.Whenthecirclingwindsbringdamages.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.innocentpeoplecausingsmalldisturbances

B.innocentpeoplecausingbigdisturbances

C.damagingcirclingwinds

D.harmlesscirclingwinds

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.adisturbance

B.moistair

C.tradewind

D.water

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyounghurricane

B.theheatgeneratedalongwithrain

C.adisturbance

D.moistair

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheHurricane—itsharmsandbenefits.

B.Theoriginandeffectsofhurricane.

C.Thehurricaneanditsgreatenergy.

D.Thedisasterscausedbyhurricanes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

精確定位

根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二句Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus（其中只有大約一半形成至少每小時(shí)75英里的強(qiáng)烈旋風(fēng)，這創(chuàng)造了它們成了颶風(fēng)的重要條件。），可知C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)旋風(fēng)以至少每小時(shí)75英里的速度移動(dòng)時(shí)”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)有風(fēng)時(shí)”：當(dāng)風(fēng)速達(dá)到一定程度才能算颶風(fēng)，屬于偷換概念。

B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)風(fēng)雨交加時(shí)”：是否有雨不是判斷是否為颶風(fēng)的條件，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)旋風(fēng)帶來(lái)?yè)p害時(shí)”：這是颶風(fēng)的影響而非定義，屬于偷換概念。

2.詞匯推斷題。

1.句中前后信息銜接

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.（侵襲海岸的大風(fēng)暴最先在海岸幾百甚至幾千英里外做無(wú)害的盤旋干擾。）

2.上下文語(yǔ)義銜接

下文提到旋風(fēng)開(kāi)始在海面游移，當(dāng)暖空氣中的水分變成雨，隨著熱量增加，風(fēng)開(kāi)始逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)形成颶風(fēng)。

綜上，這里指的是旋風(fēng)在真正轉(zhuǎn)化成颶風(fēng)之前不會(huì)帶來(lái)?yè)p害，D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)害的旋風(fēng)”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“無(wú)惡意之人造成輕微的干擾”和B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)惡意之人造成嚴(yán)重的干擾”：這里說(shuō)的是大自然中的颶風(fēng)，跟人沒(méi)有關(guān)系，屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“破壞性的旋風(fēng)”：風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)離海岸時(shí)強(qiáng)度沒(méi)有那么大，不會(huì)造成損害，屬于反向干擾。

3.詞匯推斷題。

句中前后信息銜接

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三句Whenconditionsarejustright,warm,moistairflowsinatthebottomofsuchadisturbance,movesupwardthroughitandcomesoutatthetop.（如果條件成熟，溫暖潮濕的空氣流入這股風(fēng)暴的底部，在風(fēng)暴內(nèi)向上運(yùn)動(dòng)，又從頂部流出。）

這里講的是濕熱空氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡，主語(yǔ)是air，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是flows、moves和comes，賓語(yǔ)是disturbance，it指的是前面的disturbance，A選項(xiàng)disturbance“干擾”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

B選項(xiàng)“潮濕的空氣”：濕熱的空氣是主語(yǔ)，是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，而不是承受者，屬于曲解原文。

C選項(xiàng)“信風(fēng)”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第二句theyarecarriedwestwardbythetradewinds（信風(fēng)把它們吹向西邊），這里指的是風(fēng)暴在海面游移的時(shí)候，信風(fēng)改變風(fēng)向，而不是縱向運(yùn)動(dòng)，屬于張冠李戴。

D選項(xiàng)“水”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第四句Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain（在這過(guò)程中，暖空氣中的水分生成雨），這里闡述水分如何變成雨水，沒(méi)有講水的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡，屬于張冠李戴。

4.推理判斷題。

找句內(nèi)線索

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain,andwithittheheatthatisconvertedtoenergyintheformofstrongwinds.（在這過(guò)程中，熱空氣中的水分生成雨，隨著溫度上升，會(huì)以狂風(fēng)的形式轉(zhuǎn)化為能量。）可知熱量促成雨水的生成，也產(chǎn)生狂風(fēng)，B選項(xiàng)“帶來(lái)雨的熱量”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“剛產(chǎn)生的颶風(fēng)”：對(duì)應(yīng)到第二段最后一句Astheheatincreases,theyounghurricanebeginstoswirlinacounter-clockwisemotion.（隨著熱量的增加，剛產(chǎn)生的颶風(fēng)開(kāi)始以逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)。），這里所指的颶風(fēng)就是狂風(fēng)的升級(jí)版，屬于偷換概念。

C選項(xiàng)“干擾”：這里的干擾指的是狂風(fēng)的雛形階段，是狂風(fēng)本身，屬于偷換概念。

D選項(xiàng)“濕氣”：濕氣變成雨水，濕氣本身不能形成狂風(fēng)，屬于張冠李戴。

5.主旨大意題。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出現(xiàn)象吸引讀者：Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropicalAtlanticandCaribbeanseas.（每年下半年，在熱帶的大西洋和加勒比海經(jīng)常有大風(fēng)暴。）；第二句講述颶風(fēng)的產(chǎn)生情況：Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus,andseveralusuallymaketheirwaytothecoast.（其中只有大約一半形成至少每小時(shí)75英里的強(qiáng)烈旋風(fēng)，這創(chuàng)造了它們成了颶風(fēng)的重要條件，其中有幾個(gè)通常會(huì)到達(dá)海岸。）；第三句講述颶風(fēng)的影響：Theretheycausemillionsofdollarsofdamage,andbringdeathtolargenumbersofpeople.（它們?cè)斐珊０渡蠑?shù)百萬(wàn)美元的損失和大量死亡。）。尾段第一句butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine（但它的力量超出我們的想象）講的是颶風(fēng)的影響。由此推斷全文的主旨應(yīng)是“颶風(fēng)的起源和影響”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)

本文的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分，第一段概括全文，第二、三段分別講述颶風(fēng)的形成和影響，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.梳理各段核心句

第一段：引出颶風(fēng)的話題，簡(jiǎn)單介紹颶風(fēng)的產(chǎn)生和影響。

第二段：第一句Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.（侵襲海岸的大風(fēng)暴最先在海岸幾百甚至幾千英里外做無(wú)害的盤旋干擾。）引出這段的主要內(nèi)容，講述颶風(fēng)的形成過(guò)程。

第三段：第一句butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine（但它的力量超出我們的想象）是段總述句，這一段講述颶風(fēng)有什么力量。

綜上，全文主旨是“颶風(fēng)的起源和影響”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“颶風(fēng)——其危害和好處”：關(guān)鍵詞harmsandbenefits分別對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第二句satisfytheentireelectricalneedsoftheUnitedStatesformorethansixmonths和第三段第三句mainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane，這都是第三段的內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“颶風(fēng)及其巨大能量”：關(guān)鍵詞greatenergy對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第一句itcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine，這里的power指的是好處和危害，只出現(xiàn)在第三段，屬于以偏概全。

D選項(xiàng)“颶風(fēng)的危害”：disasters對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第三句mainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane，也屬于以偏概全。

6.單選題

Hecarriedapalebonewhichhekeptthrowingoutintotheduneforthebirddogto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cast

B.trace

C.chase

D.retrieve

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cast“扔，擲，拋”；B選項(xiàng)trace“尋找到，追蹤”；C選項(xiàng)chase“追趕，追捕”；D選項(xiàng)retrieve“（從不屬于某物應(yīng)該在的地方）找回，取回”。句意：他拿著一根白骨，不斷把它扔到沙丘里，讓獵鳥(niǎo)犬去______。骨頭被反復(fù)扔到沙丘里，就是為了讓狗去取回，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ifadecisionistakenwithmajorityvoting,eachmemberstatecan,inspecialcases,（）itsparticularnationalinterests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trigger

B.assert

C.foster

D.salute

【答案】B

【解析】trigger觸發(fā),引起；assert維護(hù),主張；foster培養(yǎng)；salute致敬,行禮。句意：如果一個(gè)決策以多數(shù)票通過(guò),那么在特殊情況下,每一個(gè)成員國(guó)都可以維護(hù)其各自的國(guó)家利益。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Thegreatflames（）throughthedarkness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glared

B.shone

C.shot

D.flared

【答案】D

【解析】glare怒視，瞪眼；shine閃耀，多指光照，光線等；shoot射擊；flare閃耀，多指火焰等。句意：巨大的火焰在夜空中閃耀。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Thediscussionhasbeenunexpectedlygoingforthreehours,andI’mafraidtheywill（）itstilllonger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extend

B.lengthen

C.stretch

D.protract

【答案】D

【解析】extend延伸,擴(kuò)大；lengthen延長(zhǎng),加長(zhǎng)；stretch伸展,延伸；protract（時(shí)間）延長(zhǎng)。句意：討論出乎意料地進(jìn)行了三個(gè)小時(shí),恐怕他們會(huì)把時(shí)間拖得更長(zhǎng)。只有選項(xiàng)D表示時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),符合語(yǔ)境。

10.單選題

Nylonisa(n)（）material;itcanbeusedtomakeagreatmanythings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compound

B.imitation

C.versatile

D.crystal

【答案】C

【解析】compound復(fù)合的；imitation人造的，仿制的；versatile多用的，萬(wàn)能的；crystal水晶的，透明的。根據(jù)下句：尼龍可以用來(lái)做很多東西，說(shuō)明尼龍用途廣泛，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Withhisface（）byamask,thefiremandashedintothehouseonfire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hidden

B.concealed

C.screened

D.buried

【答案】C

【解析】四個(gè)詞都有“掩飾,掩藏”之意,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。hide—般用于hidesb/sthinaplace；conceal隱瞞,一般表示“掩飾,不讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保護(hù)的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根據(jù)句意可知,所以C符合語(yǔ)境。

12.翻譯題

21世紀(jì)是一個(gè)將我們聯(lián)系在一起的網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代。無(wú)論我們?cè)敢馀c否,我們的社會(huì)生活與經(jīng)濟(jì)生活已密不可分。我們意識(shí)到先進(jìn)的電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)使我們能夠跨越時(shí)空限制,利用以前難以想象的商機(jī)。這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界己開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)嶄新的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的天地,把我們帶入一個(gè)前所未有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)智能吋代。這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)智能新時(shí)代表明,我們可以將自己的知識(shí)和創(chuàng)造力結(jié)合起來(lái),取得經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的新突破。

【答案】The21stcenturyisanetworkagebindingustogether.Whetherwearereadyornot,oursociallifehasbeeninseparablefromeconomiclife.Andwerealizethattheadvancedelectricalnetworkcanmakeuscrossthetimeandspacelimitationstotakeadvantageofthepreviouslyunimaginablebusinessopportunity.Thenetworktimehasopenedupanewworldforinnovationanddevelopment,bringingusintoanunprecedentederaofnetworkintelligence.Thisnewageofnetworkintelligenceshowsthatwecancombineourknowledgeandcreativityandmakenewbreakthroughintheeconomicgrowthandsocialdevelopment.

13.單選題

Theaddictivenatureofonlinegamblinghasforcedmany______garnerstoseektreatment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sedative

B.fortified

C.compulsive

D.impulsive

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sedative“鎮(zhèn)靜劑”；B選項(xiàng)fortified“（在物質(zhì)或精神上）加強(qiáng)”；C選項(xiàng)compulsive“欲罷不能的”；D選項(xiàng)impulsive“易沖動(dòng)的”。句意：在線賭博成癮的基本特征迫使許多______的賭徒尋求治療。這里的賭徒對(duì)賭博上癮，不能控制自己停下賭博，C選項(xiàng)compulsive“欲罷不能的”形容他們符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Wewillintroducelegislationtosimplifytrademarkregistrationsandextendtherightsthey______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confer

B.exclude

C.allot

D.commend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confer“授予（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、學(xué)位、榮譽(yù)或權(quán)利）”；B選項(xiàng)exclude“不放在考慮之列；防止……進(jìn)入，阻止……參加，把……排斥在外”；C選項(xiàng)allot“分配，配給（時(shí)間、錢財(cái)?shù)龋?；分派（任?wù)等）”；D選項(xiàng)commend“贊揚(yáng)；舉薦”。句意：我們將出臺(tái)立法，簡(jiǎn)化商標(biāo)注冊(cè)程序，擴(kuò)大他們______的權(quán)利。橫線處和they形成主謂關(guān)系來(lái)修飾rights“權(quán)利”，A選項(xiàng)confer“授予（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、學(xué)位、榮譽(yù)或權(quán)利）”對(duì)應(yīng)rights“權(quán)利”，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

I______themeetingyesterday,butsomeurgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oughttoattend

B.wasabouttoattend

C.wastohaveattended

D.wastoattend

【答案】C

【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。A選項(xiàng)oughttoattend“應(yīng)該參加”；B選項(xiàng)wasabouttoattend“即將參加，正打算參加”；C選項(xiàng)wastohaveattended“本來(lái)要參加（卻結(jié)果沒(méi)參加）”；D選項(xiàng)wastoattend“將要參加（表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定）”。句意：我本來(lái)打算昨天參加會(huì)議的，但有一件緊急的事阻止我前往。根據(jù)urgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming“緊急的事阻止我前往”可知，我原本想?yún)⒓訒?huì)議，C選項(xiàng)wastohaveattended“本來(lái)要參加（卻結(jié)果沒(méi)參加）”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

There’s______whenweshallmeetagain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notknow

B.noknowing

C.nottoknow

D.neverknowing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我們什么時(shí)候再見(jiàn)面還不知道?？疾閠herebe句型，橫線處應(yīng)該填名詞，knowing是動(dòng)名詞，B選項(xiàng)noknowing正確，A選項(xiàng)notknow和C選項(xiàng)nottoknow錯(cuò)誤。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，這里沒(méi)有永遠(yuǎn)都不知道的意思，D選項(xiàng)neverknowing錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

InNorthAmerica,thefirstcanoeswereconstructedfromlogsand（）bymeansofwoodenpaddles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.docked

B.propelled

C.choked

D.perceived

【答案】B

【解析】dock使靠碼頭；propel推進(jìn),驅(qū)使；choke阻塞,抑制；perceive覺(jué)察,感知。句意：在北美,最早的獨(dú)木舟是用原木建造的,并由木槳推動(dòng)前行。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

18.寫作題

Somepeopletendtostudyasubjectinaveryintensivewayoverashortperiodoftime,whileotherstendtostudyasubjectconstantlyoveralongperiodoftime.Whatdoyouthinkisabetterwayoflearning?Explainwhy.

【答案】IntensiveLearningIsanEfficientWayforLearning19.單選題

Shehadbeenchargedwithbeingan（）totheembezzlementoffundsfromacooperativefarm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.accessory

C.accessibility

D.accession

【答案】B

【解析】access使用權(quán),通路；accessory配件,附件,從犯；accessibility易接近,可得到；accession增加,就職。句意：她被指控為挪用一個(gè)合作農(nóng)場(chǎng)資金的從犯。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

20.單選題

The（）ofmodembridgeismadeofconcreteorsteelandcoveredwithsomethingelse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arch

B.platform

C.skeleton

D.coating

【答案】A

【解析】arch拱形,拱門；platform平臺(tái),月臺(tái)；skeleton骨架,骨骼；coating涂層,包衣。句意：現(xiàn)代橋梁的拱是由混凝土或鋼制成的,上面覆蓋著其他的材料。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

Thecommissionwouldfinditself（）ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.collided

B.displeased

C.crumbled

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】collided碰撞，沖突；displeased生氣的；crumbled破碎的；hampered受阻的。句意：如果委員們不能達(dá)成協(xié)議，委員會(huì)就會(huì)處處受阻。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

22.單選題

Originallydesignedasworkclothesforminers,jeansarenowwormbyallsegmentsofsociety,