2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)藝術(shù)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)100

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)藝術(shù)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Whenfacedwithdoubtsfromsomeadvisersontheattemptedinvasion,thepresidentignoredthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failedtonotice

B.putupwith

C.stoodupfor

D.refusedtoconsider

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)面對(duì)一些顧問(wèn)對(duì)入侵企圖的質(zhì)疑時(shí)，總統(tǒng)……了他們。ignore意為“忽略，忽視”。A選項(xiàng)failtonotice“沒(méi)有注意到”；B選項(xiàng)putupwith“容忍，忍受”；C選項(xiàng)standupfor“支持，擁護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)refusetoconsider“拒絕考慮”。選項(xiàng)A與之意思最為接近，代入符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

AfteraconcerttourinAsia,EnglandandCanada,hewill（）workonafive-languageopera.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.indulge

C.resume

D.undergo

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confine“限制”；B選項(xiàng)indulge“沉溺，滿(mǎn)足，放任”；C選項(xiàng)resume“重新開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)”；D選項(xiàng)undergo“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受”。句意：在結(jié)束了亞洲、英國(guó)和加拿大的巡演后，他將重新開(kāi)始從事于五種語(yǔ)言的歌劇。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

3.翻譯題

一九七八年，我們黨召開(kāi)具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會(huì)，開(kāi)啟了改革開(kāi)放歷史新時(shí)期。從那時(shí)以來(lái)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人和中國(guó)人民以一往無(wú)前的進(jìn)取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐，譜寫(xiě)了中華民族自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)奮進(jìn)新的壯麗史詩(shī)，中國(guó)人民的面貌、社會(huì)主義中國(guó)的面貌、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。改革開(kāi)放是黨在新的時(shí)代條件下帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化，讓中國(guó)人民富裕起來(lái)，振興偉大的中華民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

4.翻譯題

沒(méi)有一流的人文教育，我們就不可能有世界一流大學(xué)。要建好文科院系，也要抓好對(duì)全體學(xué)生的人文教育。不同學(xué)科要各按步伐，按各自的內(nèi)在規(guī)律發(fā)展?！翱茖W(xué)求真，人文求善，藝術(shù)求美”，達(dá)到真善美在學(xué)科層面的統(tǒng)一。我們是用世界上最少的錢(qián)，辦了最大的教育。我一直堅(jiān)信，到本世紀(jì)中葉，中國(guó)一定能夠成為世界一流的教育大國(guó)！

學(xué)校和教師的責(zé)任是真正發(fā)揮所有學(xué)生的潛能，使學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)為既有寬厚基礎(chǔ)、又有廣闊視野，既有活生生的個(gè)性、又能團(tuán)結(jié)他人、能夠引領(lǐng)中國(guó)未來(lái)發(fā)展的精英人才。

【答案】Withoutfirst-classliberalartseducation,wecannothaveworld-classuniversities.Tobuildagoodliberalartscollegesanddepartments,butalsotopayattentiontothehumanitieseducationofallstudents.Differentdisciplinesshoulddevelopattheirownpaceandaccordingtotheirowninternallaws."Scienceseekstruth,humanityseeksgoodness,artseeksbeauty",achievingtheunityoftruth,goodnessandbeautyatthedisciplinelevel.Wegotthebiggesteducationintheworldwiththeleastmoney.Ihavealwaysbelievedthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,Chinawillbecomeaworld-classeducationcountry.

Itistheresponsibilityofschoolsandteacherstotrulygiveplaytothepotentialofallstudents,sothatstudentscangrowintoeliteswhohaveagenerousfoundation,broadvision,livelypersonality,unitywithothers,andcanleadChina'sfuturedevelopment.

5.單選題

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。toblame意為“該受責(zé)備；怪罪；應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)”。句意“如果你從不復(fù)習(xí)你的臺(tái)詞，假如在表演時(shí)失敗了，你只能怪你自己?！边x項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther（）inItalian.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluency

B.clarity

C.coherence

D.excellency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fluency“（語(yǔ)言，文章）流利”；B選項(xiàng)clarity“清晰，清楚”；C選項(xiàng)coherence“一致，連貫性”；D選項(xiàng)excellency“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，美德”。句意：至于安，我不確定她的意大利語(yǔ)是否流利。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Itispossiblethatnature,likesomemastermusician,（）onoccasion,departingfromtheexpectedorpredictable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.repeats

B.improvises

C.ornaments

D.harmonizes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repeat“重復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)improvise“即興創(chuàng)作”；C選項(xiàng)ornament“裝飾，修飾”；D選項(xiàng)harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)，使和諧”。句意：有可能，大自然就像一些音樂(lè)大師，有時(shí)會(huì)即興發(fā)揮，偏離預(yù)期或預(yù)測(cè)。結(jié)合上下文可知，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,whileothers（）atartorvolleyball.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.excel

C.aim

D.gaze

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)workat“從事于，致力于”；B選項(xiàng)excelat“突出，擅長(zhǎng)于”；C選項(xiàng)aimat“目的在于”；D選項(xiàng)gazeat“盯住，凝視”。根據(jù)句意可知，填空處填入的詞應(yīng)和at搭配，并且和goodat意思相近。句意“為什么有些人擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)，而有些人擅長(zhǎng)藝術(shù)或排球?”選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.

In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.

Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.

Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappiness

B.Americanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappiness

C.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitself

D.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.people’sdesires

B.advertisements

C.varioussensesofhappiness

D.theforcesofAmericanbusiness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.apatrioticduty

B.supportingthenationaleconomy

C.somethingaddictingustogreed

D.beingtakeninbyadvertising

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sheerartandslogans

B.fulloflureanddeception

C.veryusefulforprofessionalwomen

D.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepursuitofhappiness

B.Therighttopursuehappiness

C.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeople

D.Themisguidingforceofadvertising

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前兩段的內(nèi)容可知，美國(guó)憲法賦予美國(guó)人民追求幸福的權(quán)利，但似乎誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不清幸福跑到哪里去了。JonathanSwift提出了虛假目標(biāo)的說(shuō)法，但這種說(shuō)法不是美國(guó)式思維。然而，我們（美國(guó)人）似乎執(zhí)迷于花錢(qián)買(mǎi)幸福的理念。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到第三段句意“廣告的存在不是為了滿(mǎn)足欲望，而是為了創(chuàng)造欲望?！庇纱丝芍?，這里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.這樣一來(lái)，我們的整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)就是建立在使我們沉迷于貪婪的基礎(chǔ)上的。甚至有人告訴我們，通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)東西來(lái)支持國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)是我們的愛(ài)國(guó)義務(wù)?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為購(gòu)物是使我們沉迷于貪婪的東西，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者提及，現(xiàn)在的雜志為了迎合女性的口味，開(kāi)頭的幾頁(yè)廣告都是藝術(shù)和口號(hào)，到了結(jié)尾的幾頁(yè)就都變成了藥丸和療法。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為雜志充滿(mǎn)了誘惑和欺騙，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，前兩段作者提及美國(guó)人追尋不到幸福的方向，而且傾向于花錢(qián)買(mǎi)幸福；接著作者講到了人們是如何花錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)幸福的案例；最后作者指出幸福很難定義，關(guān)鍵在于個(gè)人如何看待。由此可知，本文主要是圍繞著追尋幸福這一話題展開(kāi)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Shelikesthe（）flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.article

B.adventure

C.ancient

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)article“文章”；B選項(xiàng)adventure“冒險(xiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)ancient“古代的”；D選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的，仿造的”。句意：她喜歡人造花而不喜歡天然花。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

11.翻譯題

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

【答案】盡管我們對(duì)“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善，然而我們對(duì)此已有不少了解?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式，也可以在許多情況下進(jìn)行。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會(huì)引起行為的變化?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化時(shí)，這種變化常能持久?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對(duì)一系列細(xì)小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)彈奏一首新的曲子。

12.單選題

Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas（）,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heightened

B.lifted

C.flown

D.soared

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heighten“提高，升高”；B選項(xiàng)lift“舉起，抬高”；C選項(xiàng)flow“流動(dòng)，流通”；D選項(xiàng)soar“急升，激增”。句意：悲哀的是，隨著私人花園的支出飆升，公共公園的支出普遍下降。填空處填入的應(yīng)該是和declined相反的單詞，所以選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

13.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于這座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻滿(mǎn)是公寓樓的山坡上可能會(huì)使你想到香港；這里密集的人口會(huì)讓你想到東京；而那橫跨長(zhǎng)江兩岸、仿效布魯克林大橋豁然聳立的龐大新建筑物，或許會(huì)讓你想到紐約。

放眼望去，到處都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的橋梁和新蓋的高聳入云的住宅樓。事實(shí)上，這類(lèi)新建筑實(shí)在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于讓人感到驚訝不已的往往不是什么新的高樓大廈，而是偶然瞥見(jiàn)一座舊建筑。

當(dāng)然，在此之前中國(guó)已經(jīng)有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的東部地區(qū)為數(shù)不少。這些城市從華北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠鑲嵌在中國(guó)沿海各地。但是重慶的迅速崛起卻象征著一種新的開(kāi)端：這表明北京正在大力推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的成果，將其延伸到幅員遼闊的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，那里是全國(guó)四分之三人口的家園。

中國(guó)內(nèi)地的城市一個(gè)接一個(gè)競(jìng)相城鎮(zhèn)化，其中很多城市公開(kāi)炫耀它們的目標(biāo)，聲稱(chēng)要在幾年內(nèi)建成“世界大都市”。但無(wú)論從城市大小、追求目標(biāo)還是改革規(guī)模來(lái)衡量，擁有1200萬(wàn)人口的重慶仍是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。

14.單選題

Heisanactorof（）whohasneverabandonedhisprinciplesforthesakeofhisownbenefits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.stability

C.scarcity

D.dignity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrity“完整，正直，誠(chéng)實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)stability“穩(wěn)定性，堅(jiān)定”；C選項(xiàng)scarcity“不足，缺乏”；D選項(xiàng)dignity“尊嚴(yán)，高貴”。句意“他是一個(gè)正直的演員，從不為了自己的利益而放棄自己的原則?！边x項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

15.翻譯題

各學(xué)科的發(fā)展日新月異，令人稱(chēng)奇，但衡量知識(shí)、能力的方法卻依然如故，非常原始。迄今為止，教育工作還沒(méi)有找到比考試更有效、更可靠的方法，著實(shí)有點(diǎn)離奇。盡管有不少人認(rèn)定，考試能衡量出一個(gè)人的知識(shí)水平，但實(shí)際情況恰恰相反，這是有目共睹的。要想考察一個(gè)人死記硬背的本事和在極大壓力下快速答題的技巧，考試或許是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的辦法。然而，特別是對(duì)藝術(shù)學(xué)科來(lái)說(shuō)，要想了解一個(gè)人的藝術(shù)稟賦資質(zhì)和藝術(shù)實(shí)際能力如何，考試是考不出名堂來(lái)的。

【答案】Contrasttotherapidandastonishingdevelopmentinvarioussubjects,thewayofmeasuringknowledgeandabilityremainsasbefore,ratherprimitive.Sofar,therehasbeennowaywhichismoreeffectiveandreliablethanexamsineducation,whichseemskindofqueer.Thoughsomepeoplebelievethatexamscouldweighone’sknowledgelevel,thetruthisjusttheopposite,asisobvioustoall.Examsmaybeanot-so-badsolutiontotesttheabilitytoremembersomethingbyroteortoanswerquestionsquicklyyetundergreatpressure,buttheyareofvainifyouwanttoknowaboutthegift,intelligenceorpracticalabilitiesofaperson.

16.單選題

Youmayneverexperienceanearthquakeoravolcaniceruptioninyourlife,butyouwill（）changesintheland.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.adopt

C.witness

D.define

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“適應(yīng)，改編”；B選項(xiàng)adopt“采取，接受”；C選項(xiàng)witness“目擊，見(jiàn)證”；D選項(xiàng)define“定義，規(guī)定”。句意：在你的生命中你可能從來(lái)沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)地震或火山爆發(fā)，但是你將見(jiàn)證這片土地的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

17.翻譯題

Anunremarkedconsequenceofournewinformationage—onethatwillinfluencereaders,writers,andpublishersinthefuture—isthatbadwriting,chatspeak,text,millionsofmessageboardpoststhatcomefromandleadnowhere,arehavingacheapeningeffectonallwrittencontent.EditorsandnewsdirectorstodayfretabouttheInternetastheirpredecessorsworriedaboutradioandTV,andallnowseethehugethreattheWebrepresentstothewaytheydistributetheirproduct.

TheideathatthepracticeandcraftofwritingcansimplyretoolitselfforthedigitalageoverlooksthefactthattheWebisgivingrisetototallyuniqueformsofexpression,awritingthatisdifferentfromthekindtraditionallyfoundinbooks.

Forloversofliterarywriting,whoarenowwatchingthemarketplaceandInterneterodetheremainsofnineteenth-centuryprintculture,theseassurancesmaynotbeparticularlyconsoling.Wehavenochoicebuttoacceptthem.Arguingagainsttheforcesofdigitalizationisasmuchalosingbattleascursingthecomingoftheeveningtide.

Butbeforeweinvestourselvestoodeeplyinthisfuture,considerthis:Ifnewtechnologiesexposethebiasesinherentinprintandtext,sotheconverseistrueaswell.Codingskillsarehighlymarketableinthetwenty-firstcentury.We,asacivilization,areduty-boundtoencouragetechnologicalknow-how.

However,beforewemakethemistakeofconvincingourselvesthataknackforwritingsoftwareismorevaluablethantheabilitytosimplywritewell,wemightconsiderlookinganewatthesouvenirthatisthebook.Oneday,computerprograms—theseobjectsofourfascinationandfrustration—willlearntowritethemselves.Andwe’llbeleftwithourideas,howevergrandorshallow.

【答案】信息新時(shí)代有一個(gè)不太會(huì)引人注意的后果，那就是蹩腳的寫(xiě)作。閑聊也好，文本也好，還有留言板上不計(jì)其數(shù)的跟帖都來(lái)無(wú)蹤去無(wú)影，使文字內(nèi)容大打折扣，對(duì)未來(lái)的讀者、作者和編輯都將產(chǎn)生很大影響。今天的編輯和新聞主管為因特網(wǎng)而苦惱不已，恰如其前輩們擔(dān)心收音機(jī)和電視那樣（會(huì)搶他們的飯碗）。他們都認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成的巨大威脅會(huì)影響自己產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)路。

有一種觀念認(rèn)為，寫(xiě)作練習(xí)及技巧完全可重振寫(xiě)作，以適應(yīng)數(shù)字時(shí)代。這種觀點(diǎn)忽視了這樣一種事實(shí)：網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在引發(fā)一些非常獨(dú)特的表達(dá)形式，這種寫(xiě)作完全不同于常見(jiàn)的傳統(tǒng)書(shū)本模式。

對(duì)喜愛(ài)文學(xué)寫(xiě)作、正目睹圖書(shū)市場(chǎng)和因特網(wǎng)侵蝕十九世紀(jì)印刷文化殘余的人而言，這些斷言可能并不怎么令人寬慰。但除了接受，我們別無(wú)選擇。與數(shù)字化勢(shì)力抗辯無(wú)疑是一場(chǎng)必?cái)≈?，就如同詛咒晚潮的到來(lái)一樣徒勞。

但在尚未過(guò)深卷入前，我們不妨考慮一下：如果說(shuō)新技術(shù)暴露了印刷和文本的固有偏見(jiàn)，那么反過(guò)來(lái)也可以說(shuō)，書(shū)面文字極其適合揭示數(shù)字時(shí)代的短視。編碼技術(shù)在21世紀(jì)極為暢銷(xiāo)。隨著文明的發(fā)展，我們應(yīng)義不容辭地鼓勵(lì)掌握技術(shù)訣竅。

然而，要是以為編寫(xiě)軟件的訣竅比流暢寫(xiě)作的能力更有價(jià)值，那就錯(cuò)了。在尚未犯錯(cuò)之前，我們或許有必要重新審視一下歷史的紀(jì)念品——書(shū)籍。有朝一日，電腦編程這一既讓人著迷又令人失望的東西將學(xué)會(huì)自己編程。而我們的思想會(huì)被棄之一旁——宏觀高論也好，膚淺短見(jiàn)也罷。

18.翻譯題

由19世紀(jì)的后印象派開(kāi)始，凡高、賽尚、高更三個(gè)人的創(chuàng)作理念和風(fēng)格是現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的開(kāi)端。他們之所以在美術(shù)史上重要因?yàn)樗麄兪情_(kāi)拓者。所以在談?wù)摰浆F(xiàn)代藝術(shù)時(shí)我們無(wú)法跨過(guò)這三個(gè)大師。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在的后現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)與現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)又是不同的，后現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)同樣是對(duì)之前的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的思考和反叛，也只有在不斷的創(chuàng)新與反叛中，藝術(shù)的歷史才能被延續(xù)。

【答案】Startingfromthepost-impressionismofthe19thcentury,thecreativeideasandpersonalstylesofVanGogh,CezanneandGauguinarethebeginningofthemodernart.Thereasonwhytheyareimportantinarthistoryisbecausetheyarepioneers.Sowhenwetalkaboutmodernartwecannotignorethesethreemasters.Ofcourse,nowadaysthepost-modernartisdifferentfrommodernart.Thepost-modernartisareflectiononandarebellionagainstthepreviousmodernart.Onlyintheconstantinnovationandrebellioncanthehistoryofartbecontinued.

19.單選題

BrazilianmusicisthoroughlyimbuedwithAfricanthemes,and（）composershavelongfoundinspirationintheblackmusicalheritage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.sensitive

C.distinguished

D.persistent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)imaginative“富于想象的，有創(chuàng)造力的”；B選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的”；C選項(xiàng)distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D選項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，持續(xù)的”。句意“巴西音樂(lè)完全融入了非洲的主題，富有想象力的作曲家早就從黑人音樂(lè)傳統(tǒng)中找到了靈感”。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

Whatweneedtolearnishowtoputtheoryinto（）whenwebeginourfieldworkhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appearance

B.application

C.accomplish

D.achievement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appearance“外觀，出現(xiàn)，露面”；B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用”；C選項(xiàng)accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到”；D選項(xiàng)achievement“成就，完成”。句意：當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始野外工作時(shí)，我們需要學(xué)習(xí)的是如何將理論應(yīng)用到實(shí)際中去。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

21.單選題

FamedsingerStevieWondercan’tseehisfansdancingathisconcerts.Hecan’tseethehandsofhisaudienceastheyapplaudwildlyattheendofhissuperstition.

Blindfrombirth,Wonderhaswaitedhiswholelifeforachancetosee.Recently,WondervisitedMarkHumayan,avisionspecialist.HethoughtthatanewdevicecurrentlybeingstudiedbyHumayanmightofferhimthatchance.

Thedevice,aretinalprosthesis,isatinycomputerchipimplantedinsideapatient’seye.Thechipsendsimagestothebrainandallowssomesightlesspeopletoseeshapesandcolors.Wonderhopedtheretinalprosthesismightworkforhim.“I’vealwayssaidthatifeverthere’spossibilityofmyseeing,”saidWonder,“thenIwouldtakethechallenge.”

UnfortunatelyforWonder,thatchallengewillhavetowait.Humayanexplainedthatthedeviceisn’treadyforpeoplewhohavebeenblindsincebirth.Theirbrainsmaynotbeabletohandlesignalsfromaretinalprosthesisbecausetheirbrainshaveneverhandledsignalsfromahealthyeye.

Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.Perhapsonedaysoon,someformerlysightlesspeoplemaybeinWonder’saudiencelookingup—andseeinghim—fortheveryfirsttime.

Wonder’swillingnesstotakepartinretinalprosthesisstudiesandtheresultsofthosestudiesaregivingnewhopetopeoplewhothoughttheywouldbeblindfortherestoftheirlives.MorethanonemillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesareconsideredlegallyblind,meaningthattheireyesightisseverelyimpaired.Anotheronemillionaretotallyblind.

Twotypesofspecializedcellsintheretina—rodsandcones—arecriticalforpropervision.Lightenterstheeyeandfallsontherodsandconesintheretina.Thosecellsconvertthelighttoelectricalsignalswhichtravelthroughtheopticnervetothebrain.Thebraininterpretsthosesignalsasvisualimages.Rodsdetectlightatlowlevelsofillumination.Forinstance,rodsallowyoutoseefaintshadowsindimmoonlight.Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.Somediseasescandamagecellsintheretina.Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.

Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.Differentformsofretinalprosthesesarecurrentlybeingdeveloped.Ononetype,atinycomputerchipisembeddedintheeye.Thechiphasagridofabout2,500light-sensingelementscalledpixels.

Lightenteringtheeyestrikesthepixels,whichconvertthelightintoelectricalsignals.Thepixelsthensendtheelectricalsignalstonervecellsbehindtheretina.Thosecellssendsignalsviatheopticnervetothebrainforinterpretation.

Manypeoplewhohavehadaretinalprosthesisimplantedsaytheycanseeshapes,colors,andmovementsthattheycouldn’tseebefore.“Itwasgreat,”saidHaroldChurchey,whoreceivedhisretinalprosthesis15yearsafterhebecametotallyblind.“Toseelightaftersolong—itwasjustwonderful.Itwasjustlikeswitchingalighton.”

1.WhydidSteveWondervisitMarkHumayan?

2.WhomisMark'sretinalprosthesisreadyfor?

3.Fordetectingcolors,wedepend,inthefirstplace,on（）

4.Whydoesmaculardegenerationcauseblindnessandothervisionproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefunctionofretinalprosthesisistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.HethoughtMark'sdevicemightrecoverhiseyesight.

B.HethoughtMarkmightneedhishelpindevelopingthedevice.

C.HethoughtMarkmightwanttolistentohisSuperstition.

D.HethoughtMarkmightimplantachipintohisrighteye.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Forthosewhohavebeenblindfrombirth.

B.Forthosewhostillhavefaintvision.

C.Fortheblindwhooncehadeyesight.

D.Forthosewhostillhaveonehealthyeye.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.interpretationbythebrain.

B.conesoftheretina.

C.rodsoftheretina.

D.opticnerve.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Maculardegenerationcausesimproperinterpretationbythebrain.

B.Maculardegenerationmakestheretinalesssensitivetothelight.

C.Maculardegenerationchangesthefunctionsofrodsandcones.

D.Maculardegenerationcausesinadequatesupplyofbloodintheretina.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanpreventsomeeyedisorders.

B.Itcancuresomeeyedisorders.

C.Itcanhelprecovereyesighttosomedegree.

D.Itcanrepairthedamagedcones.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“Wonder自打出生眼睛就看不見(jiàn)，他一生都在等待一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。最近，Wonder拜訪了視力專(zhuān)家MarkHumayan。他認(rèn)為目前Humayan正在研究的一種新裝置可能會(huì)給他提供這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)?！庇纱丝芍琒teveWonder拜訪MarkHumayan的原因是他認(rèn)為MarkHumayan的設(shè)備可能會(huì)恢復(fù)他的視力，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.然而，視網(wǎng)膜假體和其他裝置在幫助許多曾經(jīng)有過(guò)視力的盲人重見(jiàn)光明方面展現(xiàn)出了巨大的希望?！庇纱丝赏茢?，Mark的視網(wǎng)膜假體裝置是為那些曾經(jīng)有過(guò)良好視力的人準(zhǔn)備的，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第七段的內(nèi)容可知，視網(wǎng)膜中有兩種特殊的細(xì)胞對(duì)正常的視力至關(guān)重要——桿狀細(xì)胞和視錐細(xì)胞。第七段還提及“Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.另一方面，視錐細(xì)胞對(duì)顏色最敏感。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“maculardegeneration”定位到第七段后半部分的內(nèi)容“Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.例如，黃斑變性導(dǎo)致美國(guó)每年有70萬(wàn)人失明和其他視力問(wèn)題。這種情況是由于缺乏足夠的血液供應(yīng)到視網(wǎng)膜的中央部分。沒(méi)有血液，視網(wǎng)膜中的桿狀細(xì)胞、視錐細(xì)胞和其他細(xì)胞就會(huì)死亡?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第八段的首句“Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.像視網(wǎng)膜假體這樣的設(shè)備不能預(yù)防或治愈我們的眼病，但它們可以幫助有視力障礙的患者重獲一些視力?！庇纱丝芍暰W(wǎng)膜假體能在一定程度上幫助恢復(fù)視力，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

22.單選題

Inthewife’seyes,his（）totheirmarriagelifeisfarfromperfect.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.commitment

C.participation

D.reflection

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)requirement“要求”；B選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；C選項(xiàng)participation“參與，分享”；D選項(xiàng)reflection“反射，沉思”。句意：在妻子眼中，他對(duì)婚姻生活的承諾是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

23.單選題

Althoughthisbookclaimstobeabiographyofwriter,manyoftheincidentsare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fascinating

B.fictitious

C.factious

D.fastidious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”；B選項(xiàng)fictitious“虛構(gòu)的，編造的”；C選項(xiàng)factious“好搗亂的”；D選項(xiàng)fastidious“挑剔的”。句意：雖然這本書(shū)自稱(chēng)是作者的傳記，但許多事件都是虛構(gòu)的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

24.單選題

Thedramaawardsprovidea(n)（）foryoungpeopletoimprovetheirperformingskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.captive

B.fugitive

C.initiative

D.incentive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)captive“俘虜，迷戀者”；B選項(xiàng)fugitive“逃亡者，難捕捉之物”；C選項(xiàng)initiative“主動(dòng)權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神”；D選項(xiàng)incentive“動(dòng)機(jī)，刺激”。句意“戲劇獎(jiǎng)能夠激勵(lì)年輕人提高他們的表演技巧?！边x項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

25.單選題

Thepaintingwasavaluablefamilypossession,whichhadbeen（）fromgenerationtogeneration.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.handedover

B.handedout

C.handeddown

D.handedacross

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)handover“交出，移交”；B選項(xiàng)handout“分發(fā)，施舍”；C選項(xiàng)handdown“宣傳，流傳下去”；D選項(xiàng)handacross無(wú)此搭配。句意：這幅畫(huà)是一件珍貴的家財(cái)，一直代代相傳。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

26.翻譯題

國(guó)畫(huà)(Chinesepainting)是世界上最古老的藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)之一。繪畫(huà)時(shí)用毛筆蘸黑墨或彩墨在紙張或絲綢上作畫(huà)。根據(jù)表現(xiàn)手法，國(guó)畫(huà)可分為寫(xiě)意派(theXieyiSchool)和工筆派(theGongbiSchool)兩大類(lèi)。寫(xiě)意派以自由表達(dá)和形式夸張為特點(diǎn)；工筆派則注重以精細(xì)的筆法描繪細(xì)節(jié)。山水畫(huà)被公認(rèn)為國(guó)畫(huà)的最高形式?？v觀歷史，不同時(shí)期的國(guó)畫(huà)都相應(yīng)地反映出人們的社會(huì)意識(shí)。

【答案】Chinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartistictraditionsintheworld.Thepaintingisdoneonpaperorsilkwithabrushdippedinblackorcoloredink.Accordingtothemeansofexpression,ChinesepaintingscanbedividedintotwocategorieswhicharetheXieyiSchoolandtheGongbiSchool.TheXieyiSchoolischaracterizedbyfreeexpressionandexaggeratedforms,whiletheGongbiSchoolattachesimportancetodetailwithfinebrushwork.LandscapepaintingiswidelyregardedasthehighestformofChinesepainting.Throughouthistory,theChinesepaintingsatdifferenttimesmirrorpeople'ssocialconsciousnessaccordingly.

27.單選題

Asthesilentfilm（）sound,sodidthesoundfilm（）color.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cryoutfor;cryoutfor

B.criedoutfor;criedoutfor

C.hadcriedoutfor;cryoutfor

D.hadcriedoutfor;criedoutfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，后半句為部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，助動(dòng)詞did提到了主語(yǔ)前面，所以第二空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，由此可排除選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)D。前半句描述的事情發(fā)生在后半句之前，因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。句意“正如無(wú)聲電影迫切需要聲音一樣，有聲電影也迫切需要色彩。”

28.單選題

Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnature,rulesthatsummarizeconveniently—（1）qualitativelybutquantitatively—howtheworldworks.Wemight（2）auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlaws,inwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat（3）auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain（4）asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems（5）thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligence,becausebeingandbrains（6）somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But（7）inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch（8）thanourown,therecouldnotbemuchknowledge,passionorjoy.

（9）forus,weliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave（10）ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealms,however,commonsenseandordinaryintuition（11）highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass（12）indefinitely,weshrinktowardzerothickness（13）thedirectionofmotion,andtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissilly,andeveryweek（14）Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein’s（15）analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot（16）thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.

Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson（17）humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn'twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositions?Whycan’twe（18）fasterthanthespeedoflight?But（19）wecantell,thisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly（20）ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.just

B.very

C.justnot

D.notjust

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.see

B.find

C.imagine

D.believe

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.makefor

B.makeof

C.makeup