2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國社會科學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號22

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國社會科學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

[A]Althoughpearlsmaybeformedbyanyshelledmollusk,themostvaluablepearlsareobtainedfrom[B]theoysters.Exceptfor[C]imitationpearls,whichareentirelyman-made,allpearlsareformedasecretionaroundanirritatingbodythatentersthesofttissueofamollusk.[D]Iftheirritatingbodyentersthemolluskbyaccident,anaturalpearlforms.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.theoysters

C.imitationpearls

D.Iftheirritatingbody

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠詞用法。B選項處oysters是復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指，前面不應(yīng)加定冠詞the。

2.單選題

Wecomplainofthedarknessinwhichweliveoutourlives:wedonotunderstandthenatureofexistenceingeneral;weespeciallydonotknowtherelationofourownselftotherestofexistence.Notonlyisourlifeshort,ourknowledgeislimitedentirelytoit,sincewecansee（

）backbeforeourbirth（

）outbeyondourdeath,sothatourconsciousnessisasitwerealightning-flashmomentarilyilluminatingthenight:ittrulyseemsasthoughademonhadmaliciouslyshutoffallfurtherknowledgefromussoastoenjoyourdiscomfiture.

問題1選項

A.either...or

B.neither...nor

C.both…and

D.notonly…butalso

【答案】B

【解析】考查并列連詞?？崭裉幘湟猓何覀兊闹R局限于此，“······出生之前，······我們死亡之后?！蔽覀儗τ谏八篮蟮闹R應(yīng)為否定狀態(tài)。四個選項中只有B選項表示否定。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.這些新設(shè)立的企業(yè)帶動了上千萬人就業(yè)，而且成長性強(qiáng)，是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長新的支撐力量。我們不僅降低市場準(zhǔn)入門檻，采取“雪中送炭”的政策支持這些新設(shè)企業(yè)，還加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管、創(chuàng)造公平競爭的市場環(huán)境，織密社會保障安全網(wǎng)、讓創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新者無后顧之憂，培植企業(yè)健康成長的沃土。

2.中國是醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域國際合作的倡導(dǎo)者、推動者和踐行者，始終致力于實現(xiàn)國際人口與發(fā)展大會行動綱領(lǐng)，全面落實聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程特別是健康領(lǐng)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，積極開展對外醫(yī)療援助和全球應(yīng)急處置，認(rèn)真履行健康領(lǐng)域國際公約，勇于承擔(dān)國際人道主義責(zé)任。

3.貧困的廣泛存在嚴(yán)重妨礙人權(quán)的充分實現(xiàn)和享有。減緩和消除貧困，是人權(quán)保障的重要內(nèi)容。多年來，中國政府堅持消除貧困、改善民生、逐步實現(xiàn)共同富裕，持續(xù)開展以農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)為中心的減貧行動，努力實現(xiàn)脫貧致富。

【答案】1.Thesenewbusinesshavegeneratedmorethan10millionjobs,andhavebecomeanewpillarofChina’seconomicgrowththankstotheirstronggrowthprospect.Wehavenotonlyloweredthethresholdofmarketaccessbyofferingmuch-neededpolicysupporttothesenewly-establishedbusinesses,butalsoenhancedon-goingandex-postoversight,createdamarketenvironmentfeaturingfaircompetition,andimprovedthesocialsecuritynetwork,sothatthoseinvolvedinentrepreneurshipandinnovationwillhavenoadditionalworriesandwillgrowhealthilyonthelandwehavefosteredforthem.

2.Chinaadvocates,promotesandcarriesoutinternationalmedicalandhealthcooperation.ItisfirmlycommittedtorealizingtheProgramofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,andimplementingtheUnitedNations2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,especiallysustainabledevelopmentgoalsrelatingtohealth.Chinaactivelyprovidesmedicalaidtoothercountries,andpromptlyconductsglobalemergencyresponses.Itearnestlyimplementsinternationalhealthconventionsandshouldersitsinternationalhumanitarianresponsibilities.

3.Povertyissowidespreadthatithasseriouslyhinderedthefulfilmentandenjoymentofhumanrights;reducingandeliminatingpovertyisthereforeamajorelementofhumanrightsprotection.Overtherecentdecades,theChinesegovernmenthaspreservedinitsattempttoeliminatepoverty,improvepeople’swell-being,andgraduallyrealizecommonprosperity.Ithasmadecontinuousdevelopment-orientedpoverty-reductioneffortsinruralareastohelpthosewhoarestrivingtoescapefrompovertyandimprovethequalityoftheirlives.

4.單選題

Sowhygothroughthe3-to-5year,gruelingandpainfulprocessofgettingadegreewhenyoucanjustgetajobstraightoutofcollegeandgetonwithyourlife,makingasalaryandworkingonstuffthatmatters?

問題1選項

A.arduous

B.hilarious

C.dreadful

D.straightforward

【答案】A

【解析】劃線詞grueling和后面的painful“痛苦的”都是用來描述獲得學(xué)位的過程。A選項arduous“努力的；費力的”；B選項hilarious“歡鬧的；情不自禁的”；C選項dreadful“可怕的；糟透的”；D選項straightforward“簡單的；徑直的”。綜合分析句意和選項，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項“費力的”更合適，C選項過于極端。

5.單選題

（1）

Player1maynotknowtheseparticularwordsofwisdom,butchancesareshe'sthinkingmuchthesameasshetriestodecidewhethertosendPlayer2someofher$10stake.Ifshedoes,themoneywillbetripled,andheranonymouspartnercanchoosetoreturnnone,some,orallofthecash.ButwhyshouldPlayer2sendanythingback?AndwhyshouldPlayer1giveanythinginthefirstplace?Despitetheironlogicofthisargument,shetypesinhercommandtosendsomemoney.Afewmomentslatershesmiles,seeingfromherscreenthatPlayer2hasreturnedatidysumthatleavesthembothshowinganetprofit.

（2）

BasedonexactlythesamecoldlogicthatPlayer1dismissed,theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthatineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers,whereonehastomakedecisionsbasedonaforecastofanother'sresponse,theoptimalleveloftrustiszero.Yetdespitetheeconomicorthodoxy,thebehaviorofPlayers1and2isnotexceptional.Infact,overthecourseofhundredsofsuchtrials,itturnsoutthatabouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.

Zakisaleadingprotagonistintherelativelynewfieldofneuroeconomics,whichaimstounderstandhumansocialinteractionsthrougheverylevelfromsynapsetosociety.Itisahugelyambitiousundertaking.Bylayingbarethemysteriesofsuchnebuloushumanattributesastrust,neuroeconomistshopetotransformourself-understanding.（3）

“Aswelearnmoreabouttheremarkableinternalorderofthemind,wewillalsounderstandfarmoredeeplythesocialmindandthereforetheexternalorderofpersonalexchange,andtheextendedorderofexchangethroughmarkets.”

（4）

AsZak’scollaboratorSteveKnackoftheWorldBankpointsout:“Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry'seconomichealth.Wheretrustislow,individualsandorganizationsaremorewaryaboutengaginginfinancialtransactions,whichtendstodepressthenationaleconomy.”

Andtrustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations.TheWorldValuesSurvey,basedattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,hasaskedpeopleincountriesaroundtheworld,“Doyouthinkstrangerscangenerallybetrusted?”thepositiveresponseratevariesfromabout65%inNorwaytoabout5%inBrazil.（5）

“Policy-makersintheselattercountriesmightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels,”observesKnack.

問題1選項

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica—riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題2選項

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題3選項

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題4選項

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題5選項

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:G

第3題:F

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.此句為整篇文章的開頭，用意大利的諺語引入主題，“信任是件好事，但最好不要信任?！保鶕?jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，主要講到了玩家一和玩家二之間的金錢交易行為以及是否彼此信任，可知，文章的主題為信任關(guān)系，所以選項D符合文意。

2.文章第一段主要用實例說明了經(jīng)濟(jì)交易中的信任關(guān)系，也是對意大利諺語的一種反駁和證明，說明經(jīng)濟(jì)交易中是存在信任關(guān)系的。文章第二段把這種信任再次放到經(jīng)濟(jì)理論中進(jìn)行了討論。所以第一段實驗得出的結(jié)果不僅是對諺語的一種蔑視，而且是對第二段中提到的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的挑戰(zhàn)。選項G符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段，主要提到了Zak的相關(guān)理論和觀點，因為空格上文提到了Zak這個人物，所以下文用he來指代。選項F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第四段，可知主要提到信任是影響一個國家經(jīng)濟(jì)最強(qiáng)大的因素之一，所以本段的首句應(yīng)與國家經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)。選項B符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第五段，主要內(nèi)容為不同國家之間的信任水平存在差異，并給了一些統(tǒng)計調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)?？崭袂敖o出了挪威和巴西有關(guān)信任度的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，可判斷出空格中會繼續(xù)列舉數(shù)據(jù)。又根據(jù)空格后文，提到后面一類的國家迫切需要提升國民信任度?？芍崭裰袝信e一些國民信任度較低的國家，選項C符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.單選題

Nevertheless,researchersofthePleistoceneepochhavedevelopedallsortsofmoreorlessfancifulmodelschemesofhowtheywouldhavearrangedtheIceAge（

）inchargeofevents.

問題1選項

A.theyhadbeen

B.hadtheybeen

C.theyhadhavebeen

D.werethey

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句省略if時，謂語動詞或助動詞提到主語前，形成主謂倒裝。題干中had提到they前面，形成部分倒裝。How引導(dǎo)的這個句子的正常語序應(yīng)該是：Iftheyhadbeeninchargeofevents,theywouldhavearrangedtheIceAgeinfancifulmodelschemes。因此B選項符合題意。

7.單選題

35.Voluntaryandnon-remunerateddonationmaybesufficientforacountryoraregion[A]tocoverallitsbloodproductneeds,but[B]requireanefficientorganizationandtheeliminationof“spuriousAltruism”,non-monetaryformsofcompensation[C]thatharmthesocialimageofvoluntarydonationandobstruct[D]itsfurtherdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.tocoverallits

B.require

C.thatharm

D.its

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。B選項的require主語是donation，單數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)把require改為requires。

8.單選題

Incontrasttounmonitoredworkersdoingthesamework,（

）withoutexceptionidentifiedthemostimportantelementintheirjobsascustomerservice,themonitoredworkersandsupervisorsallrespondedthatproductivity（

）thecriticalfactorinassigningratings.

問題1選項

A.which...are

B.who...was

C.that...were

D.which...is

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。第一個空格指代前面句子中的名詞unmonitoredworkers。第二個空格處做賓語從句中的謂語動詞，主語是productivity，因此只能用三單形式。因此B選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

問題1選項

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。baseon“基于”，which指代先行詞sufficientgrounds。baseon中的介詞on前置，因此D選項符合題意。

10.單選題

oncerningspeculation,philosophylooksuponthingsfromthebroadestpossibleperspective;forcriticism,ithasthetwofoldroleofquestioningandjudgingeverythingthatpertainseithertothefoundationsortothesuperstructureofhumanthinking.

問題1選項

A.inebriates

B.forsakes

C.relates

D.emaciates

【答案】C

【解析】Pertain作為后半句的定語從句中的謂語動詞，后面有to與之相搭配。選項中常與to搭配的只有relate。A選項inebriate“灌醉，使陶醉”；B選項forsake“放棄，斷念”；C選項relate“有聯(lián)系，涉及”；D選項emaciate“使消瘦”。從句意上來說，也只有C選項relate相符合。

11.單選題

Withalltheseartsandpursuitsofpracticallife,theintellectualbusinessofthinking—ofsuchthinkingatleastasiscommontomostmen—andofcommunicatingthought,hasasortofaffinityandresemblance.For,unquestionably,itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomyandprudentstewardshipofthatever-shiftingmassofincomingandoutgoingthoughtswhichmakeupourintellectualestateandproperty.Andthisisthemorenecessarythegreaterarethetreasuresofthoughtpossessedbyourage.For,inthehighlyrapidinterchangeofandtrafficinideas,whichiscarryingon,thereceiptsanddisbursementsarenotalwaysdulybalanced.Thereismuchcause,therefore,tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould,byallmeans,wishtogainavictory,notindeedforyou,butwithyou,oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought,whichare,however,butcheatsandcounterfeitswhichdistractthemindsofthepresentgeneration,disturbtheharmonyoflife,andbanishpeaceevenfromtheintellectualworld.Andasrespectsthethirdillustration:Ishouldindeedrejoiceashaving,inagreatmeasure,attainedmyobject,ifonlyIshallsucceedindirectingyourattentiontosomestarinthehigherregionofintellect,whichhithertowaseithertotallyunknown,or,atleast,neverbeforefullyobserved.Butaboveall,Ithinkitnecessarytoobservefurther,thatinthesamewayasphilosophylosessightofitstrueobjectandappropriatematter,wheneitheritpassesintoandmergesintheology,ormeddleswithexternalpolitics,soalsodoesitmaritsproperformwhenitattemptstomimictherigorousmethodofmathematics.InthemiddleofthelastcenturyscarcelywastheretobefoundaGermanmanualforanyofthesciencesthatdidnotapethemathematicalstyle,andwhereeverysinglepositioninthelongarrayofinterminableparagraphsdidnotconcludewiththesolemnactofdemonstrativephraseology.Butitisalsowellknownthatthephilosophywhichwaspropoundedinthisinappropriateformandmethodwascrammedfoilof,nay,rather,washardlyanythingmorethanatissueofarbitrary,nowforgotten,hypotheses,whichhavenotbroughttheworldatallnearertothetruth—notatleasttothattruthwhichphilosophyisinsearchof,andwhichissomethinghigherthanamereexampleofaccuratecomputation.Andeveninthepresentday—although,indeed,theapplicationismadeinaverydifferentwayfromformerly—Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies,inwhichallthings,eventhemostopposite,admitofbeingcomprisedandblendedtogether.But,beitasitmay,thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction.Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual(Geistige).Asinacorrectarchitecturalstructureitisnecessarythatallitspartsshouldbeinunison,andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably,soineveryphilosophicalcommunication,thesolidsimplebasisbeinglaid,thearrangementofalltheparts,andthecarefulrejectionandexclusionofallforeignmatter,isthemostessentialpoint,bothforinternalcorrectnessandexternalperspicuity.But,intruth,thematterinhandbearsafarcloserresemblanceandaffinitytonaturalobjectswhichliveandgrow,thantoanylifelessedificeofstone;toagreattree,forinstance,noblyandbeautifullyspreadingoutonallsidesinitsmanyarmsandbranches.Assuchatreestrikesthehastyandpassingglance,itformsasomewhatirregularandnotstrictlyfinishedwhole;thereitstands,justasthestemhasshotupfromtheroot,andhasdivideditselfintoacertainnumberofbranches,andtwigs,andleaves,whichlivinglymovebackwardandforwardinthefreeair.Butexamineitmoreclosely,andhowperfectappearsitswholestructure!Howwonderfulthesymmetry,howminutelyregulartheorganizationofallitsparts,evenofeachlittleleafanddelicatefiber!Inthesamewaywilltheever-growingtreeofhumanconsciousnessandlifeappearinphilosophy,wheneveritisnottornfromitsrootsandstrippedofitsleavesbyapretendedwisdom,butisvividlyapprehendedbyatruescience,andexhibitedandpresentedtothemindinitslifeanditsgrowth.

1.Themainpurposeofthearticleis（

）.

2.Whatistheauthor’sconcernasexpressedthroughthefirstmetaphoricexposition?

3.Thesecondconcernoftheauthorrefersto

（

）.

4.Whatisthefunctionoftheauthor’sfrequentusageofrhetoricalfiguresofspeech?

5.Inthepassage,theauthoroutlinesapleafor（

）.

問題1選項

A.toclarifythesystemofeconomictheory

B.tosuggestanewsystemofphilosophy

C.tocriticizethesystemofmathematics

D.toillustratethesystematicdialectics

問題2選項

A.Randomdisbursementofproposalsandhypothesis.

B.Aconfusionofalgebraicformularies.

C.Anunwarrantedlossofappropriatereference.

D.Violationofintellectualpropertyrights.

問題3選項

A.avariegatedsetoffallacies

B.acantankeroustypeofpessimism

C.unqualifiedquackery

D.theproliferationofmetaphysics

問題4選項

A.Definition.

B.Clarification.

C.Exemplification.

D.Illustration.

問題5選項

A.rigor

B.topicality

C.reliability

D.flexibility

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.主旨大意題。文中提到“itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomy”，這是眾多關(guān)系創(chuàng)建明智經(jīng)濟(jì)體的哲學(xué)問題之一。其中it是指前面的“theintellectualbusinessofthinking”，后續(xù)圍繞哲學(xué)及思想展開闡述，因此B選項“提出一種新的哲學(xué)體系”符合題意。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。作者的第一次metaphoricexposition“隱喻性闡述”出現(xiàn)在“…tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.”即擔(dān)憂對最高貴的精神天賦的輕率和奢侈的揮霍會成為普遍現(xiàn)象，擔(dān)憂由于缺乏可靠的資本安全地投資于重要的思想和永恒的真題，虛假和毫無根據(jù)的信用體系會涌現(xiàn)出來。所以作者擔(dān)心的是思想天賦的消耗，C選項“不適當(dāng)?shù)膿p失”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。文中提到“Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould…wishtogainavictory…oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought”，本句說到，作者希望戰(zhàn)勝思想中的那些錯誤和假想。因此A選項“各種錯誤的見解”符合題意。

第4題:4.寫作手法題。文中幾處“hasasortofaffinityandresemblance”“Asforthesecondsimile”“andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably”等修辭手法都是為了生動說明文中提出的新哲學(xué)體系。因此B選項clarification“說明”符合題意。

第5題:5.作者意圖題。在文中，作者由“Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies…thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction”說到德國哲學(xué)只是一些代數(shù)公式，這種復(fù)雜的機(jī)械示范永遠(yuǎn)不會產(chǎn)生真正的、內(nèi)在的、充分的信念。后又說到“Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual”，哲學(xué)真正需要的方法是與前面提及的德國哲學(xué)相反的。通過前后文，作者呼吁的是與“機(jī)械示范”相對的“靈活性”，因此D選項符合題意。

12.單選題

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly（

）theentireindustrialsector.

問題1選項

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項motivate“激勵；刺激”；B選項encompass“包含；包圍”；C選項entice“慫恿；誘使”；D選項undercut“削（價）競爭；削弱”。句意：1910年，超過60萬的黑人工人，或者說10%的黑人工人報告說他們從事“制造業(yè)和機(jī)械制造業(yè)”，這一聯(lián)邦人口普查類別大致……整個工業(yè)部門。綜合句意與選項可知B選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Oneoftheimportantcorollariestotheinvestigativepoweristhepowertopublicizeinvestigationsand[A]theirresults.Mostcommitteehearingsare[B]opentopublicandarereportedwidelyinthemassmedia.Congressionalinvestigations[C]thusrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakerstoinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterest[D]innationalissues.

問題1選項

A.their

B.opentopublic

C.thusrepresent

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠詞。public表示“公眾”時，前面應(yīng)加定冠詞，因此B選項opentopublic應(yīng)該為opentothepublic。

14.單選題

Fewpeoplehavethetimethatisrequiredtomastera“full”knowledgeofaforeignlanguageand（

）stillwouldbetomakethemuchpracticaluseofsuchalanguage.

問題1選項

A.more

B.less

C.much

D.fewer

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞比較級?？崭袂暗腶nd表明前后兩個部分是并列關(guān)系，主語均為people，是集合名詞，先排除B和C選項。前半句句意：很少有人有時間去掌握一門外語的“全部”知識。為了保持并列關(guān)系，后面只能使用fewer：仍然需要大量實際地使用這樣一種語言的人就更少了。因此D選項符合題意。

15.單選題

TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved（

）ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.

問題1選項

A.thatheistothink

B.tothink

C.thatheisthinking

D.tobethinking

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。當(dāng)句子的主語是it時，才會使用itisbelievedthat…的形式，因此排除A和C選項。句意：人們相信財政部長正在考慮征收新稅以增加額外收入。由句意可知此處應(yīng)使用動詞不定式的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時tobethinking表示“正在考慮”。因此D選項符合題意。

16.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?（3）

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)（4）

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

（5）Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.當(dāng)然，他們找不到哪怕一點證據(jù)表明以上的傷害與失去政府援助給窮人造成的傷害有任何可比性。

2.第三個，也是與此密切相關(guān)的，旨在減輕我們對窮人的責(zé)任的設(shè)計，是公共援助措施對激勵產(chǎn)生不利影響的論點。

3.您真的相信我們這個時代的大人物們，比如說公司的法人或者總經(jīng)理，會因為賺的少而整日游手好閑，不思工作嗎？這是對美國商人，特別是努力工作的商人們的誹謗。信念可以是真理的仆從，也可以是便利的仆從。

4.無可爭辯的是，沒有任何一種對人的壓迫和對思想努力的束縛更甚于來自身無分文的壓迫和束縛。

5.我們常聽到當(dāng)富人抱怨他們的自由因征稅導(dǎo)致收入減少而受限，卻不曾聽到因為得到可花之錢而顯著提高了窮人的自由的消息。

17.單選題

Inalettertoafriend,GeorgeOrwellwrote,“ItisimpossibletomentionJewsinprint,eitherfavorablyorunfavorably,withoutgettingintotrouble.”Buttherearetimeswhentroublehadbetterbegotintobeforemeretroubleturnsintocatastrophe.Jews,blacks,andhomosexualistsaredespisedbythemajoritiesofEastandWest.Also,asaresultoftheinventionofIsrael,JewscannowcountonthehatredoftheIslamicworld.SinceAmerica’sownChristianmajoritylookstobegettingreadyforgreatadventuresathomeandabroad,Iwouldsuggestthatthethreedespisedminoritiesjoinforcesinordernottobedestroyed.Thisseemsanobviousthingtodo.Unfortunately,mostJewsrefusetoseeanysimilaritybetweentheirspecialsituationandthatofthesame-sexers.Atonelevel,theJewsareperfectlycorrect.Aracialorreligiousortribalidentityisakindoffact.Althoughsexualpreferenceisanevenmorepowerfulfact,itisnotonethatcreatesanyparticularsocialorculturalorreligiousbondbetweenthoseso-minded.AlthoughJewswoulddoubtlessbeJewsiftherewasnoanti-Semitism,same-sexerswouldthinklittleornothingatallabouttheirpreferenceifsocietyignoredit.Sothereisadifferencebetweenthetwoestates.ButthereisnodifferenceinthedegreeofhatredfeltbytheChristianmajorityforC