2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號45

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語，對其進行解釋說明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主語的謂語動詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對現(xiàn)在時間的虛擬，從句的動詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動語態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

2.單選題

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

問題1選項

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激發(fā)”；B選項originate“引起；創(chuàng)作”；C選項renovate“更新；修復(fù)；革新；刷新”；D選項endorse“背書；贊同”。句意：科學(xué)理論的一個重要特性是它激發(fā)進一步研究的能力。根據(jù)句意，A選項正確。

3.單選題

Mostactsof（）involvethinningouttheanimalpopulationincertainareasofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.malcontent

B.pander

C.peccadillo

D.depredation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項malcontent“不滿現(xiàn)狀的人；反抗者”；B選項pander“慫恿者；拉皮條者”；C選項peccadillo“輕罪；小過失；小瑕疵”；D選項depredation“掠奪；破壞，破壞痕跡”。句意：大多數(shù)掠奪行為使這個國家某些地區(qū)的動物數(shù)量變少。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

4.單選題

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

問題1選項

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

問題2選項

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

問題3選項

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

問題4選項

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

問題5選項

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵字U.S.Congress可以定位到原文第二段“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，中文翻譯為：我們不會回到美國國會公開擔心低等種族會玷污美國人的血統(tǒng)的時期。因此答案為A選項：他們是低等的民族。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞newimmigrants可以定位到文章第三段中“Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，中文翻譯為：這些新移民沒有理由不應(yīng)該有著同樣的成功。知B項“他們可以如自己的前輩那樣做的一樣好”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，中文翻譯為：泰勒擔心，墨西哥裔美國人可能注定跟隨美國黑人的步伐，即社區(qū)中的那個較大的部分可能變得陷入一個似乎永久的貧困和低成就的狀態(tài)中。因此，D選項“他們可能永遠是貧窮且成就低的”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newimmigrants定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，中文翻譯為：我們也應(yīng)該就同化、如何確保曾經(jīng)的外來者在這些地區(qū)不會永遠的處于被邊緣化而提出一些更加廣泛的問題。故C最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位倒數(shù)第二段“ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.”，中文翻譯為：但是，我們也還沒有學(xué)到如何讓美國化進程適應(yīng)所有人。以及原文最后一段“Thatisamuchlargerquestion...”，中文翻譯為：那是一個大的問題……可以得知B項“如何幫助移民更好地融入美國社會”最為符合。

5.單選題

Theyarewritingtothemanagerwith（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項

A.theexceptionof

B.aviewto

C.thepurposeof

D.referenceto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。withreferenceto“關(guān)于；根據(jù)”。句意：鑒于最近在以上地址所進行的修理工作，他們正在給經(jīng)理寫信。結(jié)合句意，故D選項正確。

6.單選題

Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged（1）overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespecially,increasedattentionhasbeendevotedto（2）thereadingprocess.（3）specialistsagreethatreading（4）acomplexorganizationofhighermental（5）,theydisagree（6）theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,（7）readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand（8）.

Theseauthorities（9）thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinking,andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout（10）theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazine:anever-endingfloodofwords.In（11）ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend（12）canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare（13）readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading（14）atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency（15）intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave（16）meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogatherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.（17）,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto（18）wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover（19）youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich（20）downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas（21）reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan（22）,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate（23）thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,（24）word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst（25）issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,（26）yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound（27）readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.（28）CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute（29）thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan（30）alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

問題1選項

A.substantively

B.substantially

C.substitutively

D.subjectively

問題2選項

A.defineanddescribe

B.definitionanddescription

C.defininganddescribing

D.havedefinedanddescribed

問題3選項

A.Although

B.If

C.Unless

D.Until

問題4選項

A.involves

B.involvesto

C.isinvolved

D.involvesof

問題5選項

A.opinions

B.effects

C.manners

D.functions

問題6選項

A.of

B.about

C.for

D.into

問題7選項

A.view

B.look

C.reassure

D.agree

問題8選項

A.by

B.to

C.off

D.for

問題9選項

A.content

B.contend

C.contempt

D.contact

問題10選項

A.interpreting

B.saying

C.explaining

D.reading

問題11選項

A.applying

B.acting

C.offering

D.getting

問題12選項

A.quickly

B.easily

C.roughly

D.decidedly

問題13選項

A.good

B.curious

C.poor

D.urgent

問題14選項

A.training

B.habits

C.situations

D.custom

問題15選項

A.lies

B.combines

C.touches

D.involves

問題16選項

A.some

B.alot

C.little

D.dull

問題17選項

A.Fortunately

B.Besides

C.Logically

D.Unfortunately

問題18選項

A.reuse

B.reread

C.rewrite

D.recite

問題19選項

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.if

問題20選項

A.scales

B.cuts

C.slows

D.measures

問題21選項

A.someone

B.one

C.he

D.reader

問題22選項

A.accelerator

B.actor

C.amplifier

D.observer

問題23選項

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than

問題24選項

A.enabling

B.leading

C.making

D.indicating

問題25選項

A.meaning

B.comprehension

C.gist

D.regression

問題26選項

A.but

B.nor

C.or

D.for

問題27選項

A.our

B.your

C.their

D.such

問題28選項

A.Lookat

B.Take

C.Make

D.Consider

問題29選項

A.for

B.in

C.after

D.before

問題30選項

A.master

B.goover

C.present

D.getthrough

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:C

第21題:B

第22題:A

第23題:D

第24題:C

第25題:B

第26題:A

第27題:C

第28題:B

第29題:D

第30題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項substantively“實質(zhì)上”；B選項substantially“充分地；非常地；總體上”；C選項substitutively“可替代地”；D選項subjectively“主觀地”。句意：經(jīng)過幾個世紀，閱讀的概念已經(jīng)……改變了。因此B項符合句意。

2.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。Bedevotedtosth./doingsth.是固定搭配，而且空格后面有賓語thereadingprocess，所以空格處應(yīng)該接doingsth.，故選C。

3.【試題解析】邏輯分析。由兩句的謂語agree和disagree可知，兩句為對比關(guān)系，故選A項。

4.【試題解析】語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：專家們一致認為閱讀涉及到一個復(fù)雜的高級智力活動。此處缺少一個謂語動詞，故選A。

5.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項opinions“意見；評價”；B選項effects“影響；效果”；C選項manners“禮貌”；D選項functions“功能”。mentalfunction意為“智力活動”，符合句意。

6.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。disagreeabout/on對……有不同意見。

7.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。View…as表示“把……看作”。

8.【試題解析】考查短語辨析。D選項standfor“代表”；A選項standby“支持”；B選項standto“遵守”；C選項standoff“疏遠”。句意：一些專家認為語言主要是一種使用符號來表示聲音的代碼，他們認為閱讀只是將符號解碼成它們所代表的聲音。因此D符合句意。

9.【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項content“滿足”；B選項contend“爭論，主張”；C選項contempt“輕視，蔑視”；D選項contact“使接觸，聯(lián)系”。B項符合句意。

10.【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的動名詞形式。A選項interpret“解釋；領(lǐng)會”；B選項say“講；說明”；C選項explain“說明；解釋”；D選項read“閱讀；讀懂”。句意：一個孩子能讀出聲而不……所讀的含義，不能叫作真正的閱讀。A項符合句意。

11.【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的動名詞形式。A選項apply“申請，請求”；B選項act“行動；表現(xiàn)”；C選項offer“提供；出價”；D選項get“使得；獲得”?？崭裉幩顒用~的賓語是ajob，并且與advancinginone并列，因此D項符合句意。

12.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項quickly“迅速地；很快地”；B選項easily“容易地；無疑地”；C選項roughly“粗糙地；概略地”；D選項decidedly“果斷地；斷然地”。句意：在獲得一份工作或在工作中發(fā)展，……閱讀和理解的能力意味著成功和失敗的區(qū)別。前文講到工作中閱讀的內(nèi)容很多，由此推測這里講快速的閱讀和理解能力很重要。故選A項。

13.【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項good“好的；優(yōu)良的”；B選項curious“好奇的，有求知欲的”；C選項poor“貧窮的；可憐的”；D選項urgent“緊急的；急迫的”。句意：然而不幸的是，我們大多數(shù)人都是……的讀者。此句用了轉(zhuǎn)折詞yet，因此C項符合句意。

14.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項training“訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)”；B選項habits“習(xí)慣”；C選項situations“狀況；情境”；D選項custom“習(xí)慣，慣例”。句意：我們大多數(shù)人在早年養(yǎng)成了壞的閱讀……，并沒能克服?？崭裉帪椤癲evelop養(yǎng)成”和“getover克服”的賓語，同時可使用復(fù)現(xiàn)原則。后文中提到了badhabit和anotherhabit，故選B。

15.【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的三單形式。A選項lie“說謊；位于”；B選項combine“聯(lián)合，結(jié)合”；C選項touch“接觸；輕按”；D選項involve“包含；牽涉”。句意：主要的困難在于語言的自身要素。Liein表示“在于”，符合句意。

16.【試題解析】語義題。此處句意為：如果單個地看這些字，它們并沒有什么意義。故選C項“少許；沒有多少”。

17.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項Fortunately“幸運地”；B選項Besides“事實上”；C選項Logically“合乎邏輯地”；D選項Unfortunately“不幸地”。句意：然而……未受過閱讀訓(xùn)練的人不會讀。因此D項符合句意。

18.【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項reuse“再使用”；B選項reread“重讀”；C選項rewrite“改寫”；D選項recite“背誦”。句意：他費力地一次讀一個詞，常常回頭……因此B項符合句意。

19.【試題解析】語法題?？崭裢瑫r是lookbackover跟youhavejustread的賓語，四個選項中，只有what能充當雙重賓語。

20.【試題解析】考查短語辨析。空格處所填詞應(yīng)與down構(gòu)成搭配。D項不能與其搭配故排除。句意：另一個減慢閱讀速度的習(xí)慣是發(fā)聲。scalesdown“按比例減少”；cutsdown“削減”，slowdown“放慢”，因此C項正確。

21.【試題解析】語法題。此處應(yīng)選擇B項“one（泛指人們，我們，你）”，代替前文的you。無A項這個用法。如用D項，則應(yīng)加定冠詞the。C項不符合邏輯。因此本題選B。

22.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項accelerator“加速裝置”；B選項actor“男演員；行動者”；C選項amplifier“放大器，擴大器”；D選項observer“觀察者”。句意：為了克服這些壞習(xí)慣，一些閱讀研習(xí)班使用了一種叫作加速器的裝置。因此A符合句意。

23.【試題解析】語法題?？疾楸容^級。這里用了fasterthan表示“比……快”，故選D項。

24.【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。A選項enable“使得”；B選項lead“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；致使”；C選項make“使得；進行”；D選項indicate“指出，表明”。句意：加速器迫使讀者快速閱讀，使逐字閱讀、重讀和默讀幾乎不可能。雖然A項也表示“使得”，但其側(cè)重于“使能夠”。故選C。

25.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項meaning“意義；含義”；B選項comprehension“理解；包含”；C選項gist“主旨，要點”；D選項regression“回顧”。句意：速讀最初會影響理解。故B符合句意。

26.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：但是當你學(xué)會閱讀思想和概念時，你不僅會讀得更快，而且你的理解力也會提高。此處應(yīng)選A與前面的notonly構(gòu)成固定搭配，表示“不僅……而且……”，故選A。

27.【試題解析】語法題。此處句意為：許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的閱讀技巧在經(jīng)過一些訓(xùn)練后有了很大的提高?？崭駪?yīng)選用物主代詞their，因為主語是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)。

28.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。Take…forinstance以……為例。

29.【試題解析】語義題。句意：在訓(xùn)練前，他的閱讀速度相當不錯，能閱讀172個字/分鐘。這里是對受訓(xùn)之前與受訓(xùn)之后進行比較。

30.【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項master“掌握”；B選項goover“復(fù)習(xí)”；C選項present“呈現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)”；D選項getthrough“讀完；完成”。句意：他很高興他能在短時間內(nèi)讀完更多的閱讀材料。因此D正確。

7.單選題

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

問題1選項

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

問題2選項

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

問題3選項

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

問題4選項

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

問題5選項

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.”中文翻譯為：而這里的唯一差異是，經(jīng)濟博弈會獎勵贏家金錢，而進化博弈卻獎勵勝者生存和繁殖的機會。因此答案為C選項：一種應(yīng)用在經(jīng)濟和進化上的方法論。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.”中文翻譯為：一種游戲，即囚犯的進退兩難，尤其在這兩門學(xué)科上被證明能增長見聞的。知B項“被用來去發(fā)現(xiàn)一個更簡單的方式來解釋博弈論”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.”中文翻譯為：因此，每個人將推斷，失信是正確的選擇，這導(dǎo)致他們中每個人被判3年監(jiān)禁。因此，C選項“6年”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.”中文翻譯為：通過公開錦標賽發(fā)現(xiàn)，似乎沒有打敗針鋒相對的策略。故D選項“人們不愿意去合作”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位第五段“thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice.”中文翻譯為：就是說，即使另外一個人失信了一次也合作，但是如果他失信了兩次，那么就不會進行合作。可以得知D項“當?shù)谝淮魏献魇『?，還有另外一次機會”最為符合。

8.單選題

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.（15）yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson（16）necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.（17）,theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate（18）tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—（19）overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked（20）ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo（21）:buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould（22）themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould（23）themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe（24）,thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday（25）tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,（26）thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould（27）frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving（28）afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed（29）said,‘IwishI（30）moretimeattheoffice.’”

問題1選項

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

問題2選項

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

問題3選項

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

問題4選項

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

問題5選項

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

問題6選項

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

問題7選項

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

問題8選項

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

問題9選項

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

問題10選項

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

問題11選項

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

問題12選項

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

問題13選項

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

問題14選項

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

問題15選項

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

問題16選項

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

問題17選項

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

問題18選項

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

問題19選項

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

問題20選項

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

問題21選項

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

問題22選項

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

問題23選項

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

問題24選項

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

問題25選項

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

問題26選項

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

問題27選項

A.originate

B.deri