2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)1

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Inthissection,therearetenEnglishsentences.TranslatethemintoproperChineseandwritetheanswersonyouranswersheet.

IcamebackyesterdayfromHongKongwhereIhadspenttwoweeksvacationafterthecompletionoftheconstructionjobIhadbeeninchargeofinthesouth.

Ashewalkedaway,heturnedforonelastglimpseofherinthedoorway,tinyandsmilingandwavinggood-bye.

I’mlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.

Hiswordsfailedhimforthemoment.

Theatrewillbereinventedandbecomemuchfreerandmoreimaginative.

Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.

Forcountlessagesthesunroseandset,themoonwaxedandwaned,thestarsshoneinthenight,butitwasonlywiththecomingofManthatthesethingswereunderstood.

Manysketchesareinexistenceofpeasantsseatedbytheroadsideandmenandwomenatworkinthefields.

For20yearswewerepassivewitnessestothedeteriorationofpricesofourrawmaterialsandanexcessiveincreaseofthepricesofmanufacturedgoods.

Thestatementdeclaredthattheinternationaleconomicordermustbechangedorthegapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswouldcontinuetowiden.

【答案】我在南方負(fù)責(zé)一項(xiàng)工程建設(shè)，任務(wù)完成之后，到香港度了兩個(gè)星期的假，昨天剛回來(lái)。

當(dāng)他離開(kāi)吋，他回過(guò)頭來(lái)看了她最后一眼。只見(jiàn)她站在門口，體態(tài)嬌小，面帶微笑，揮手向他告別。

只有在我過(guò)度勞累的吋候，在我長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不間斷地工作的吋候，在我感到內(nèi)心空虛，需要充實(shí)的吋候，我才會(huì)感到寂寞。

他一時(shí)說(shuō)不出話來(lái)了。

戲劇將脫胎換骨，變得更自由，更富想象力。

應(yīng)該盡最大努力告誡年輕人，特別是上癮后的可怕后果。

太陽(yáng)升升落落，月亮盈盈虧虧，夜空星光閃爍，無(wú)數(shù)歲月就這樣過(guò)去了，只是到人類出現(xiàn)以后，這些才被理解。

至今仍保存著許多素描，畫的是坐在路旁的農(nóng)民和在田間勞作的男女。

我們?cè)?0年內(nèi)坐視原料價(jià)格下跌與工業(yè)品價(jià)格暴漲。

聲明宣稱：國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序必須改變，否則發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家之間的差距將繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。

2.單選題

Themachinelookedlikealarge,（

）,old-fashionedtypewriter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forceful

B.clumsy

C.intense

D.tricky

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這臺(tái)機(jī)器看上去像一臺(tái)又大又笨的老式打字機(jī)。

形容詞辨析。Forceful強(qiáng)有力的，有說(shuō)服力的;clumsy笨拙的(貶義);intense強(qiáng)列的，緊張的;tricky狡猾的，機(jī)警的。因此B符合句意。

3.單選題

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand（

）yourtextmoreeasily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息處理機(jī)比打字機(jī)好得多，因?yàn)樗苁鼓愀菀椎剌斎牒途庉嬑谋尽?/p>

動(dòng)詞辨析。Register登記，注冊(cè);edit編輯，校對(duì);propose建議，打算;discharge排放，解雇。因此B符合句意。

4.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavedone

B.mayhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.musthavedone

【答案】B

【解析】句意:研究表明，無(wú)論白天做了什么，我們每晚睡覺(jué)時(shí)都會(huì)有兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間在做夢(mèng)。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone。shouldhavedone表示“本該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生”；mayhavedone表示“對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的一種推測(cè)”；wouldhavedone表示“本來(lái)會(huì)做某事，但實(shí)際沒(méi)有做成”；musthavedone表示“對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)”。故選B。

5.單選題

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣聞?shì)W事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狹窄的）space---thatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個(gè)低職位員工違抗高級(jí)別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)有責(zé)任心的員工”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個(gè)被隔離且沉悶的動(dòng)物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項(xiàng)“隔離的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無(wú)論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力，都得花時(shí)間，且需要勇氣離開(kāi)舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項(xiàng)“面對(duì)與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時(shí)間且需要勇氣的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項(xiàng)“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會(huì)充分利用各類奇聞?shì)W事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)讓聽(tīng)眾感到乏味)推斷B“收集被廣泛運(yùn)用的軼事是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項(xiàng)技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的，因?yàn)樗軒椭蛟靷€(gè)人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項(xiàng)“通過(guò)閱讀書籍、雜志和時(shí)事新聞，可以打造個(gè)人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)要想成為一個(gè)高效的講故事者，只需制作一個(gè)有用的奇聞?shì)W事記錄冊(cè)。故D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有根據(jù)。因此選A。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會(huì)時(shí)很多人可能都了解了接下來(lái)的改變對(duì)員工來(lái)說(shuō)意味著多大的困難),因此C項(xiàng)“能夠幫助與會(huì)人員更好理解即將到來(lái)的變化”正確。而A項(xiàng)“是個(gè)高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項(xiàng)“是個(gè)經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)。D項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。

6.單選題

“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”

Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.

Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleoffathers.

Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation.Ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.

1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatfatherhood（

）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffather?

3.Thepassageindicatesthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablydisagreewith?

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bringsafeelingofexcitementtomostmen

B.makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

C.hasadifferentmeaningformenwhohavedaughters

D.meansaresponsibilitythatmenacceptunwillingly

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Numerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutit

B.Notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtoit

C.Theshiftisharderformenthanforwomen

D.Theshiftisadifficultbutincompleteone

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mothersgetmoreattentionandrecognitionfromsociety

B.mothersareinnovativeanddemandingaccordingtosomewriters

C.mothersgenerallystayathometotakecareofthechildren

D.mothersshouldhelpfathersintheirreconciliationprocess

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.It’sasdifficulttobeafatherasitistobeamother

B.Morebooksshouldfocusontheroleoffathers

C.Thefatherisstillthebreadwinnerinthehousehold

D.Fathersareasimportanttochildrenasmothers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhytherearefewbooksontheroleoffathers.

B.praisemothersfortheirgreatcontributionstothehome.

C.criticizefathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilityinbringingupthechildren.

D.complainaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelpfathersintheirroleshift.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。當(dāng)不同的男性聽(tīng)到“父親”這個(gè)詞時(shí)，都會(huì)有不同的反應(yīng)。有些人覺(jué)得驕倣，有些人擔(dān)憂。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:很多書籍寫到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。實(shí)際上第三段提及大量書籍寫到關(guān)于母親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變,而非父親，故排除。B:不太關(guān)注。文章倒數(shù)第二段指出:Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess(然而，人們往往不太關(guān)注在這個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程當(dāng)中教育父親)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:角色轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)于男性而言更難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(—些作家認(rèn)為父親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變，盡管困難，但是不會(huì)有妻子的的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。因此C錯(cuò)誤。D:角色轉(zhuǎn)變是困難，且不完全的。文章未提及。

3.判斷推理題。A:母親能得到社會(huì)更多的關(guān)注和認(rèn)可。B:一些作者認(rèn)為，母親有創(chuàng)造性且髙要求。最后一段指出:Themother'sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation(母親的角色似乎需要在日常生活中完全轉(zhuǎn)變，且有高度革新的適應(yīng)性),B項(xiàng)和原文有出入。C:母親一般待在家里照顧孩子。最后一段指出:wementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome(我們提及越來(lái)越多的女性在外工作),故C錯(cuò)誤。D:母親應(yīng)該在這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程當(dāng)中幫助父親,文章并未提及。結(jié)合全文可知,A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:成為母親和成為父親一樣難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(一些作家認(rèn)為，父親角色的改變雖然困難，但是不會(huì)有妻子的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。故本題選A。

5.作者意圖題。A:解釋為什么那么少的書籍寫關(guān)于父親的角色。B:贊揚(yáng)母親對(duì)于家的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。C:批評(píng)父親在養(yǎng)育孩子上沒(méi)有承擔(dān)足夠的責(zé)任。D:抱怨社會(huì)項(xiàng)目在在幫助父親角色轉(zhuǎn)變上的缺乏。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,本題選D。

7.單選題

The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.

WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.

TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.

WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.

Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.

1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto（

）.

2.TheThamesis

（

）

theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.

3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rowers

B.businessmen

C.writers

D.farmers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.longerthan

B.aslongal

C.shorterthan

D.notshorterthan

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hydraulicmachines

B.amovablefloodbarrier

C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers

D.athickstonewellintheriver

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople

B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters

C.TheThamesmirrorstheebbandflowofLondon

D.TheThamesisthelongestriverinEngland

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheThamesusedtobedeveloped

B.TheThamesfloodssometimes

C.TheNormansbuiltthecityLondinium

D.PaintersdrawtheirinspirationfromtheThames

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章關(guān)于泰晤士河給哪些人帶來(lái)利益的描述在第三段:Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration(例如，對(duì)于劃手來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一條“運(yùn)動(dòng)之河”，但對(duì)于商業(yè)人士來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一條工作之河。畫家和作家認(rèn)為泰晤士河是靈感的源泉)。因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,泰晤士沒(méi)有帶來(lái)利益的是D項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”。

2.判斷推理題。第一段將泰晤士河,尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河做了比較:itisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi(對(duì)比尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河,泰晤士河只能算作一條小河流)。由此推斷泰晤士河短一些。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中第四段提到“topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld'slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972”，可知為了防止洪水的爆發(fā)，1972年建立了世界上最大的移動(dòng)式防洪屏障。答案為B。

4.主旨大意題。文章第二段講了泰晤士河見(jiàn)證了倫敦的衰落，文中最后一段講了現(xiàn)在倫敦建立了高樓大廈以及倫敦的變化，可見(jiàn)泰晤士河見(jiàn)證了倫敦的衰落。C項(xiàng)“泰晤士河見(jiàn)證了倫敦的起伏”比較能概括全文

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)為:A:泰晤士河曾經(jīng)是繁榮的,錯(cuò)誤,第二段說(shuō)泰晤士河以前旁邊只有沼澤河岸。

8.單選題

Wehave（

）thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們己經(jīng)廢除了人剝削人的制度。

動(dòng)詞辨析。Cancel取消，刪除;abolish廢除（一種制度，形式）;refuse拒絕；reject抵制，排斥.。因此B符合句意。

9.翻譯題

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中國(guó)有5000多年的歷史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

歷史上，中國(guó)在短期內(nèi)被劃分為多個(gè)部分，并且不同的區(qū)域由不同的群體管轄。

從公元前21世紀(jì)的夏朝開(kāi)始至清朝結(jié)束，中國(guó)歷史上經(jīng)歷過(guò)幾十個(gè)朝代的變更。

每個(gè)朝代在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和科學(xué)技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域都有獨(dú)特的成就。

漢朝是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最先進(jìn)的帝國(guó),“漢族”這一名稱就得名于漢朝。

唐朝因統(tǒng)一時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、國(guó)力強(qiáng)盛而被國(guó)人銘記，因此在海外的中國(guó)人自稱為“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育與科學(xué)高度繁榮的時(shí)代。

但朝代的更替一般會(huì)導(dǎo)致連年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，給人民大眾帶來(lái)了難以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛澤東宣布中華人民共和國(guó)的成立。

毛澤東思想作為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的政治和軍事指導(dǎo)思想被廣泛應(yīng)用。

10.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heorsheaskstheassembledcrowdintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”，forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subbasra,”meaning“underthespear”，aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”，ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbypossiblebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“l(fā)ot”isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder.Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer'sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antique,furniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofthebiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because

（

）.

3.TheRomansusedtosell

（

）

byauction.

4.Acandleusedtobumatauctionsales

（

）.

5.Theauctioneermaydecidetoselltheoutoforderbecause（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.onlyatfixedprices

C.atapricelessthantheirtruevalue

D.verycheaply

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theauctioneerknocksthebuyerdow

B.theauctioneerknockstherostrumdown

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.spoilgoods

B.propertytakenfromtheenemy

C.oldworn-outweapons

D.spears

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogether

C.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

D.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers.

B.heknowfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems.

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting.

D.hewantstoreducethenumber.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段:Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods(他鼓勵(lì)買者給出更高的價(jià)錢，最后選定出價(jià)最高的這位買。由此可知拍賣品以最高價(jià)賣出。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“knockingdown”定位至第一段:Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.“這就是‘成交’”和第五句Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands(因?yàn)楫?dāng)拍賣師用一個(gè)錘子敲擊他面前的小桌子時(shí)，拍賣結(jié)束)。因此D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u師會(huì)用一個(gè)錘子敲擊桌子”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段說(shuō)明了古羅馬人所拍賣物品:TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar(羅馬人通常用這種方法出售戰(zhàn)利品)。故選A“繳獲物品，獎(jiǎng)品”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight(拍賣師會(huì)點(diǎn)燃一根短蠟燭，在蠟燭燃燒的吋候進(jìn)行拍賣活動(dòng))。因此選C“限制拍賣會(huì)競(jìng)價(jià)吋間”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Lots定位至第三段:TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder,Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroom(拍賣師不需要從第一個(gè)序號(hào)開(kāi)始然后按照順序來(lái),在拍賣師會(huì)在確定對(duì)商品感興趣的買家到來(lái)之后才開(kāi)始拍賣)。故選B“拍賣師可以依據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)知道某些買家想購(gòu)買哪些物品”。

11.單選題

Youshouldhavebeenmorepatient（

）thatcustomer;I’msurethatsellinghimthewatchwasapossibility.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.with

C.for

D.at

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該要對(duì)那位顧客更加耐心一些的，我相信他最終一定會(huì)買那塊表。

固定搭配。bepatientwith對(duì)…有耐心。

12.單選題

Don’tbothertoarrangeameal,becausewehavejusthadlunchandabletoeatanything（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.neitherhenorIare

B.neitherhenorIis

C.neitherInorheis

D.neitherhenorIam

【答案】D

【解析】句意:不用費(fèi)心再安排一頓飯了，我們剛吃過(guò)午飯，我們都吃不下了。

語(yǔ)法題。考查主謂一致。neither..nor..，either...or..,notonly...butalso...都是就近原則，也就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和最近的主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)或者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致，故排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)。英語(yǔ)中同時(shí)有第三人稱和第一人稱時(shí),一般第一人稱放后面,故選D。

13.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul---thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking，sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountis“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject.Thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographersalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

D.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.biographiescanseverdifferentpurposes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntotheoutsiders

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章首句指出:Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject(傳記作家必須與主人公保持適當(dāng)距離，并要時(shí)常調(diào)整與主人公之間的距離).故選A“既要比較了解，又要保持一定距離”。

2.判斷推理題。題干關(guān)鍵詞ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBible前面所在句為:Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive(當(dāng)主人公是英雄或著名人物吋，傳記作者常常會(huì)流露出民主的動(dòng)機(jī))以及Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus(其它一些傳記則有意要改變我們)?？芍x擇D“傳記可以有不同的目的”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知傳記作家和主人公的關(guān)系太近太遠(yuǎn)都不好;第二段第一句指出:Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask(要完成這一任務(wù)，沒(méi)有最佳位罝);最后一段最后一句:Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife(我們直覺(jué)地意識(shí)到?jīng)]有人能夠講述完整的人生故事)。故選C“沒(méi)人能寫出完美傳記”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress(未經(jīng)授權(quán)的傳記通常意味著讀者有可能從中讀到主人公不希望公之于眾的刺激的八卦消息),因此選B“包含有關(guān)主人公私生活的有趣的信息”。

5.主旨大意題。文章指出:傳記作家在與主人公關(guān)系太近太遠(yuǎn)都不好。無(wú)論傳記作者如何描述，都不能完完全全展示人物的真實(shí)生活。因此選A“傳記作者很難選準(zhǔn)最佳角度去寫作”。

14.單選題

Theboyhasadmittedto（

）thewindowwhileplayingfootballyesterday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.breaking

B.havingbeenbroken

C.break

D.bebreaking

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那個(gè)男孩承認(rèn)在昨天踢足球的時(shí)候打破了窗子。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。admitto中的to是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞吋需用-ing形式,排除