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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Although,somestudentsgraduatefromhighschool,theyarevirtuallyilliterate_____writingabusinessletter.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.intheeventof
B.inthelightof
C.incaseof
D.intermsof
【答案】D
【解析】短語搭配題。A選項(xiàng)intheeventof萬一……發(fā)生;B選項(xiàng)inthelightof根據(jù),按照;C選項(xiàng)incaseof萬一,如果發(fā)生,假設(shè);D選項(xiàng)intermsof關(guān)于,在……方面,就……而言。根據(jù)句意可知,盡管一些學(xué)生已經(jīng)高中畢業(yè),但他們?cè)谏虅?wù)信函的寫作方面幾乎是一竅不通。因此,本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。
2.單選題
Onthestagemanypiecesofbluesilkwerefluctuatedto()theseawaves
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.simplify
B.simulate
C.stimulate
D.signify
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simplifyv.簡(jiǎn)化,使簡(jiǎn)易;B選項(xiàng)simulatev.模仿,假裝,冒充;C選項(xiàng)stimulatev.刺激,鼓舞,激發(fā);D選項(xiàng)signifyv.表示,意味著。句意:在舞臺(tái)上,許多舞動(dòng)著的藍(lán)絲綢模擬出了海浪的景象。根據(jù)句意,本題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Thisisoneoftheanimalsthatcanthecoloroftheirsurroundings.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.takeup
B.takein
C.takeon
D.taketo
【答案】C
【解析】詞組題。A選項(xiàng)takeup拿起,開始從事,占據(jù);B選項(xiàng)takein吸收,理解,欺騙;C選項(xiàng)takeon承擔(dān),呈現(xiàn),具有;D選項(xiàng)taketo喜歡,走向,開始從事。句意:這種動(dòng)物是那種可以隨著環(huán)境的顏色而改變身體顏色的種類。因此,C項(xiàng)“呈現(xiàn)”符合題意。
4.單選題
Beforepolicecouldstopthedrink-crazeddriver,hehadcrashed______anothercarandsentsixpersonstothehospital.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.out
B.against
C.into
D.on
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。crashout表示“(因極度困倦或醉酒而)入睡,睡覺”;crashagainst表示“碰撞(常發(fā)出巨大的聲響或造成破壞)”,against指對(duì)立;crashinto“撞上,墜毀”,into指進(jìn)去;haveacrushonsb,表示“喜歡某人”,為固定搭配。根據(jù)thedrink-crazeddriver與anothercar可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:在警察還沒來得及制止酒后駕車的司機(jī),他就撞上了另一輛車,并使六個(gè)人送往醫(yī)院。
5.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.
Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.
【答案】人的青春美妙絕倫,雖滿是痛楚,但魅力無限。年少時(shí)不了解青春為何物,當(dāng)其永逝,方才幡然大悟。
青春的逝去令人百般不舍,目睹其漸行漸遠(yuǎn),難免觸目傷懷,悔不當(dāng)初。但青春不再卻又著實(shí)讓人悲喜交加??杉幢闫孥E出現(xiàn),時(shí)光倒流,卻也無人情愿重度那段青春歲月。
6.單選題
Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets______theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.furnish
B.induce
C.facilitate
D.allocate
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)furnish“布置家具,提供”;B選項(xiàng)induce“引誘”;C選項(xiàng)facilitate“促進(jìn),促使,使便利”;D選項(xiàng)allocate“分配,分派”。根據(jù)automaticdoors可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意:超市的自動(dòng)門方便購物車顧客進(jìn)出。
7.單選題
Africanstudentshavemountedstrongprotestsoverthemeasure,claimingthattheyarebeingagainst.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.displaced
B.discriminated
C.resented
D.disturbed
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)displacedv.取代,替換;B選項(xiàng)discriminatedv.歧視,辨別,區(qū)別;C選項(xiàng)resentedv.怨恨,厭惡;D選項(xiàng)disturbedv.擾亂,干擾。根據(jù)句意可知非洲學(xué)生們已經(jīng)針對(duì)實(shí)施方案確立了反抗提案,聲稱他們?cè)馐芰朔N族歧視。因此,正確答案為B項(xiàng)。
8.單選題
Theyhaveareciprocalloathingforeachother.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.aslighttrusting
B.adeepmotivating
C.amutualdisgust
D.alastingfight
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)aslighttrusting輕微的信任;B選項(xiàng)adeepmotivating深刻的激勵(lì);C選項(xiàng)amutualdisgust相互間厭惡;D選項(xiàng)alastingfight持久的斗爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)句意可知:他們都很厭惡對(duì)方,因此選擇C選項(xiàng)。
9.單選題
Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.premise
B.pretext
C.foundation
D.presentation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premise“前提,假定”;B選項(xiàng)pretext“借口,托詞”;C選項(xiàng)foundation“地基,基礎(chǔ)”;D選項(xiàng)presentation“提交,展示”。根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句“火星上有生命”可知選A。句意:從火星上有生命這一前提出發(fā),這位科學(xué)家繼續(xù)深入他的論點(diǎn)。
10.單選題
Accordingtoaseniorofficialtherehasbeennoaboutthemeasures.Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.contrary
B.contradicting
C.controversy
D.contradictor
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)contraryn.相反,反面;B選項(xiàng)contradictionn.矛盾,反駁;C選項(xiàng)controversyn.爭(zhēng)論,論戰(zhàn);D選項(xiàng)contradictoryn.對(duì)立物,矛盾因素。根據(jù)后文“Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.”可知,所有參議員的意見都是一致的,沒有爭(zhēng)論。因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
11.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.
北京奧組委(TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiad)官方網(wǎng)站訊:2007年6月23日,在八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城舉辦的“第四屆2008北京奧林匹克文化節(jié)”開幕式上,所有觀眾的目光都被長(zhǎng)城上的新標(biāo)識(shí)所吸引一一在綠樹環(huán)繞下,一個(gè)令所有中國人興奮的口號(hào)映襯著的長(zhǎng)城遒勁而古老的線體。這就是一座長(zhǎng)67米,高18米的“同一個(gè)世界同一個(gè)夢(mèng)想(OneWorldOneDream)”北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)徽(Emblem)和北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)主題口號(hào)大型景觀建筑。在今后的兩年多的時(shí)間里,每當(dāng)人們抬頭仰望長(zhǎng)城巍峨的身姿就會(huì)知道,奧運(yùn)和中國有著怎樣的無法割舍的淵源。
【答案】TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiadOfficialWebsiteNews:AttheopeningceremonyoftheFourth2008BeijingOlympicCulturalFestival,heldontheBadalingGreatWallonJune23,2007,allaudiencesareattractedtothenewlogoontheGreatWall.Surroundedbygreentrees,thislogoshowspowerfulandantiquelineoftheGreatWallwithanexcitingslogantoallChinesepeople.Thatisalargelandscapearchitecture,67meterslengthand18metershigh,ofBeijingOlympicGamesemblemengravingcharacterswith“OneWorldOneDream”andBeijingOlympicGamesthemeslogan.Overthenextmorethantwoyears,peoplewilllearnaboutthedeepandcloserelationshipbetweenOlympicGamesandChinawhenevertheylookupattoweringfigureoftheGreatWall.
12.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
中國已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的大市場(chǎng)。世界各國和地區(qū)不少有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的企業(yè)家,都將目光投向了中國,并從投資活動(dòng)中獲得了豐厚的回報(bào)。我相信,中國加入世貿(mào)組織后,外商參與中國投資活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)將越來越多,自身發(fā)展的空間也越來越大。在中國的投資活動(dòng)一定能成為溝通世界各國和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國市場(chǎng)的一座橋梁,促進(jìn)中國和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。
【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.
13.單選題
SinceBritishsettlersfirstoccupiedthiscountry.EnglishhasbeenthelanguageintheUnitedStates.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.practicable
B.prevalent
C.predominant
D.popular
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)practicableadj.可用的,可行得通的;B選項(xiàng)prevalentadj.流行的,普遍的;C選項(xiàng)predominantadj.主要的,卓越的,有支配力的;D選項(xiàng)popularadj.流行的,通俗的。根據(jù)句意可知,自從英國殖民者第一次占領(lǐng)這個(gè)國家開始,英語就成為了美國的主流語言。因此,正確答案為C項(xiàng)。
14.單選題
Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.
Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.
Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.
Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.
Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.
andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.
1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?
2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?
3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.
4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.
B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.
C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.
D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thefirstsentence.
B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.
C.Thefourthsentence.
D.Thelastsentence.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.destroyedtheUnitedStates
B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues
C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates
D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals
B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles
C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives
D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ResultsofFeministMovements
B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife
C.CountercultureandItsconsequence
D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.(男人在外面工作,掙的錢養(yǎng)家,而女人做飯,照顧家里和孩子。這些角色對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說是固定不變的,婦女沒有機(jī)會(huì)交換她們的角色)可知過去男女的分工明確,角色相對(duì)固定,因此選D。
2.主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對(duì)男女分工角色的影響,再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.(但是到了本世紀(jì)中葉,男性和女性的角色越來越不固定)可知C選項(xiàng)最符合題意。
A選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)50年代,經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的成功是典型的美國人的目標(biāo)”;B選項(xiàng)“但是在20世紀(jì)60年代,一支新的力量被稱為反文化。參與這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人并不重視美國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的目標(biāo);C選項(xiàng)“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”;D選項(xiàng)“一些年輕男性拒絕應(yīng)征當(dāng)兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。
3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety(但它的影響卻蔓延到美國社會(huì)的許多方面)可推測(cè)反主流文化改變了美國的一些價(jià)值觀,因此選B。
4.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.(由于對(duì)育兒更感興趣,男人們開始和妻子分擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。事實(shí)上,一些年輕男女搬進(jìn)了公共住宅或農(nóng)場(chǎng),在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責(zé)任)可推測(cè)C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)男人都很樂意和妻子分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)”符合題意。
5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過去社會(huì)男女分工明確,角色固定;第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響;第四段講述了女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)給美國社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的變化;最后一段簡(jiǎn)單概括男女地位的變化與轉(zhuǎn)變中的困難。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國生活的新影響”符合題意。
15.單選題
Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.deduce
B.presume
C.pretend
D.presuppose
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deduce“推論,推斷”;B選項(xiàng)presume“假設(shè),認(rèn)為”;C選項(xiàng)pretend“假裝,偽裝”;D選項(xiàng)presuppose“假設(shè),以……為前提”。根據(jù)Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意:如果沒有人問任何問題,那么我認(rèn)為大家都能理解。
16.單選題
Alltheyearshehasbeen______betweenoptimismanddespair.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.vibrating
B.swinging
C.fluctuating
D.waving
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrate“(使)振動(dòng),顫動(dòng),擺動(dòng)”;B選項(xiàng)swing“(使)擺動(dòng),搖擺”,指意見、態(tài)度或感情的搖擺;C選項(xiàng)fluctuate“(價(jià)格或數(shù)量)波動(dòng),漲落,起伏”;D選項(xiàng)wave“揮手,擺手”。根據(jù)betweenoptimismanddespair可知選B。句意:一年來她一直在樂觀和絕望之間搖擺。
17.單選題
Areyouawarethatyouactuallypossesssixsenses?Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligentlytotheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.Forexample,whenyoureachforanobject,thesensorynerveslinkingthemusclestothebrainstopyourhandatthecorrectspot.Thisautomaticperceptionofthepositionofyourmusclesinrelationtotheobjectisyourmuscularsenseinaction.
Musclesarestringybundlesoffibersvaryingfromonefive-thousandthofaninchtoaboutthreeinches.Theyhavethreeuniquecharacteristics;theycanbecomeshorterandthicker;theycanstretch;andtheycanretracttotheiroriginalpositions.Underahigh-poweredmicroscope,muscletissueisseenaslong,slendercellswithagrainytexturelikewood.
Morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers,mostofwhichareinvoluntary—inotherwords,workwithoutconsciousdirection.Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularactions,numbermorethanfivehundred.Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.
1.Intelligentuseofthemusclesmeansthat().
2.Accordingtotheselection,morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedof().
3.Anaveragewomanisweakerthananaveragemanbecauseshehas().
4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedthat().
5.Accordingtotheselection,themuscularsenseisresponsiblefor().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.onealwaysknowswhathismusclesaredoing
B.oneperformssimpleactionswithoutworking
C.one'smusclesareusedonlytotheextentnecessaryforeachactiontheyperform
D.oneimprovesmuscularactionconsciously
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.voluntarymuscles
B.musclefibers
C.involuntaryfibers
D.sensorynerves
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.morevoluntarymusclesthananaverageman
B.only60to70percentasmuchmuscleforherbodymass
C.60to70percentlessmuscleforherbodymass
D.lessmusclefiberforherbodyweight
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.themuscularsenseismoreimportantthananyothersenses
B.muscularsenseinvolvesautomaticperception
C.therearemanymorethan500involuntarymusclesinthebody
D.muscletissueisinflexible
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.theefficiencyofourmuscles
B.thenormalbreathingfunction
C.directingourmusclesintelligently
D.theworkofonlyourinvoluntarymuscles
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligentlytotheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.可知,第六感是一種肌肉感覺,可智能地精準(zhǔn)控制人體活動(dòng)。因此,C項(xiàng)是正確答案。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題意:根據(jù)原文,人類身體超過一半的組織是由什么構(gòu)成的?根據(jù)原文第三段第一句:Morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers.可知,人體超過一半的組織是由musclefibers(肌肉纖維)構(gòu)成。因此,正確答案為B項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第三段Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.可知,女性比正常男性力氣小是因?yàn)榕陨眢w內(nèi)肌肉含量?jī)H為男性的60-70%。因此,B項(xiàng)為正確答案。
4.推理判斷題。本文并未說明也未暗示肌肉感覺比其他感官重要,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文最后一段Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularaction,numbermorethanfivehundred.可知,C選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)說肌肉組織是不可彎曲的,與原文不符,故排除。因此,B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently.可知,肌肉感官的作用是directingyourmusclesintelligently,因此,本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。
18.單選題
Thecourtconsidersafinancial______tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.option
B.obsession
C.obligation
D.penalty
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)option“選擇”;B選項(xiàng)obsession“癡迷,著魔,困擾”;C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù),責(zé)任”;D選項(xiàng)penalty“懲罰”。根據(jù)punishinghim可知D選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:法院認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰是懲罰他的適當(dāng)方式。
19.單選題
Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hindrance
B.misfortune
C.catastrophe
D.threat
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)hindrancen.障礙,妨礙;Bmisfortunen.不幸,災(zāi)禍,災(zāi)難;C選項(xiàng)catastrophen.大災(zāi)難,災(zāi)禍;D選項(xiàng)threaten.威脅,恐嚇。句意:人口的增長(zhǎng)是對(duì)地球上非人類生物生存的威脅。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。
20.單選題
Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.abide
B.conform
C.concede
D.observe
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abide“接受,遵照”,后面常接介詞by;B選項(xiàng)conform“順從,遵守,符合”;C選項(xiàng)concede“承認(rèn),允許”;D選項(xiàng)observe“觀察”,observe表示“遵守”時(shí),是及物動(dòng)詞,不與to搭配。根據(jù)thelaws可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意:所有人都必須遵守本國政府制定的法律。
21.單選題
IcannevertouchlobsterbecauseI’m()toshellfish.
e
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.sensitive
B.allergic
C.infected
D.sensibl
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensitiveadj.敏感的,易受傷害的;B選項(xiàng)allergicadj.對(duì)……過敏的;C選項(xiàng)infectedadj.被感染的;D選項(xiàng)sensibleadj.明智的,明顯的,通情達(dá)理的。句意:我不能接觸龍蝦,因?yàn)槲覍?duì)殼類動(dòng)物過敏。根據(jù)句意,本題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
22.單選題
Tomajorinastrophysicsyouneedanextramathcourse.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Togethighergradesinastrophysics.
B.Tofinishyourastrophysicspaper.
C.Tospecializeinastrophysics.
D.Tobetterunderstandtheastrophysicscourse.
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。題目中majorin表示“主修;專攻”,A選項(xiàng)為“在天體物理學(xué)上取得更高的成就”;B選項(xiàng)為“完成你的天體物理學(xué)論文”;C選項(xiàng)為“以天體物理學(xué)為專業(yè);專攻天體物理學(xué)”;D選項(xiàng)為“更好地了解天體物理學(xué)課程”。句意:要主修天體物理學(xué),你就得再選擇一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)課。因此,正確答案是C項(xiàng)。
23.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
當(dāng)我們不堪重負(fù)、沮喪、失落,或因?yàn)槲覀冋J(rèn)為倒霉的事總是光臨我們而處于消極狀態(tài)時(shí),將這些消極的思想轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極的至關(guān)重要。從一件積極的小事情開始,并且一整天就一直重復(fù)想著,你將進(jìn)入一個(gè)更加積極的狀態(tài),這樣練下去,很快你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你將改變你的觀點(diǎn),選擇快樂的生活,而不在意周圍那些瑣事。
【答案】Whenwearestressed,depressed,upset,orotherwiseinanegativestateofmindbecauseweperceivethat“badthings”keephappeningtous,itisimportanttoshiftthosenegativethoughtstosomethingpositive.Ifyoustartwithonesmall,positivethingandrepeatitduringthecourseofyourday,youwillbegintomoveintoamorepositivesituation.Withpractice,youwillfindthatovertime,youwillchangeyouroutlookandchoosetobehappy,irregardlessoftheeventsaroundyou.
24.單選題
Alexisn’tveryfriendly;hekeepsa()betweenhimselfandotherpeople.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.barrier
B.foundation
C.frontier
D.gauge
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。通過句意可知,Alex不是特別友好,他總將自己與其他人隔離開來。A選項(xiàng)為“障礙;分界線”;B選項(xiàng)為“基礎(chǔ)”;C選項(xiàng)為“邊界;邊緣”;D選項(xiàng)為“尺度;測(cè)量”。因此,A項(xiàng)符合句意。故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。
25.單選題
Butforhishelp,I().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.didnotsucceed
B.hadnotsucceeded
C.shouldnothavesucceeded
D.havenotsucceeded
【答案】C
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Butfor表示“要不是”,引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬語氣。A選項(xiàng)didnotsucceed過去時(shí);B選項(xiàng)hadnotsucceeded過去完成時(shí);C選項(xiàng)shouldnothavesucceeded表示“原本不應(yīng)該成功的,但卻成功了”,表示虛擬語氣;D選項(xiàng)havenotsucceeded現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),因此C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。
26.單選題
Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.decision
B.sentence
C.prosecution
D.mandate
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decisionn.決心,決定;B選項(xiàng)sentencen.句子,命題,宣判;C選項(xiàng)prosecutionn.起訴,檢舉;D選項(xiàng)mandaten.授權(quán),命令。根據(jù)句意陪審團(tuán)的成員們?cè)诼犎∽C詞后宣布了判決,因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。
27.單選題
Hisassertionangeredme.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.statement
B.question
C.success
D.mistake
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中assertion表示“主張;聲稱”;A選項(xiàng)statementn.聲明;陳述;B選項(xiàng)problemn.問題;C選項(xiàng)successn.成功;D選項(xiàng)mistaken.錯(cuò)誤。由句意可知,他的表述惹怒了我。因此,正確答案是A項(xiàng)。
28.單選題
Ifyou()caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.should
B.would
C.will
D.can
【答案】B
【解析】考查if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句,主句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyoucareto...”表示“(禮貌問語)您喜歡,您愿意”,是一種委婉征求意見的方式。因此,排除其他選項(xiàng),本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。
29.單選題
Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a______hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.quarrel
B.suspicion
C.verdict
D.controversy
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quarrel“爭(zhēng)吵,吵架”,強(qiáng)調(diào)以發(fā)生口角和吵架等形式引起的爭(zhēng)論;B選項(xiàng)suspicion“懷疑,嫌疑”;C選項(xiàng)verdict“裁定,裁決”;D選項(xiàng)controversy“(公開的)爭(zhēng)論,辯論”,指對(duì)引起廣泛興趣或非常重要的問題的辨論。根據(jù)thesafetyofnuclearenergy可知核能安全是一個(gè)重要的話題,因此選D。句意:在幾次核災(zāi)難之后,激起了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于核能安全的爭(zhēng)論。
30.單選題
Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.commonplace
B.standardized
C.competitive
D.generalized
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commonplace“平凡的,普通的”;B選項(xiàng)standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的”;C選項(xiàng)competitive“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的,比賽的”;D選項(xiàng)generalized“普遍的,廣泛的”。根據(jù)Even可知空格與varygreatly的意思相反,因此選B。句意:即使教科書通過學(xué)校系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,教學(xué)方法也可能有很大的不同。
31.單選題
Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.economic
B.thrifty
C.frugal
D.careful
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)的,有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)的”;B選項(xiàng)thrifty“節(jié)儉的”,常用于bethriftywithsth.;C選項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)省的,節(jié)儉的”,可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.;D選項(xiàng)careful“小心地,仔細(xì)地”,becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當(dāng)心,注意”。根據(jù)Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意:雖然他變得富有了,但他仍然很節(jié)儉。
32.單選題
Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.
Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.
Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.
Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.
Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.
Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.
Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman'slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughtlobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.
Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.
Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.
Inmoremodemtimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.
Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?
2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.
3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.3and7.
B.3and9.
C.7and9.
D.3and13.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.legend
B.religion
C.popularbelief
D.certaincustoms
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Heismildlycritical.
B.Heisstronglycritical.
C.Heisinfavorofthem.
D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.(七是另一個(gè)重要的數(shù)字,通常被認(rèn)為是好運(yùn)的使者)和第六段中的Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber(九通常被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)幸運(yùn)的數(shù)字)可知數(shù)字七與九代表好運(yùn),因此選C。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.(人們普遍認(rèn)為這個(gè)數(shù)字起源于耶穌最后的晚餐中有13人的事實(shí))可知13這個(gè)數(shù)字來源于宗教,因此選B。
3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.(但奇怪的是,出生在13號(hào)的人一點(diǎn)也不害怕,這恰恰說明我們迷信的觀念是多么的不理智)可知作者對(duì)迷信帶有點(diǎn)批判的態(tài)度,因此選A。
33.單選題
Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.
FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.
Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.
In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?
2.Taylorismostfamousfor().
3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic().
4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas().
5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Greatbreakthroughs
B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower
C.Scienceandcompetition.
D.Internationalcompetition.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork
B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”
C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing
D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses
B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting
C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers
D.triedascientificmanagementapproach
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.scientificandhuman
B.efficientbutslave-driving
C.academicbutpracticable
D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.purchasedasteelmill
B.soldasteelmill
C.startedtoprotectenvironment
D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitiont
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