2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)12

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Although,somestudentsgraduatefromhighschool,theyarevirtuallyilliterate_____writingabusinessletter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intheeventof

B.inthelightof

C.incaseof

D.intermsof

【答案】D

【解析】短語搭配題。A選項(xiàng)intheeventof萬一……發(fā)生；B選項(xiàng)inthelightof根據(jù)，按照；C選項(xiàng)incaseof萬一，如果發(fā)生，假設(shè)；D選項(xiàng)intermsof關(guān)于，在……方面，就……而言。根據(jù)句意可知，盡管一些學(xué)生已經(jīng)高中畢業(yè)，但他們?cè)谏虅?wù)信函的寫作方面幾乎是一竅不通。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Onthestagemanypiecesofbluesilkwerefluctuatedto（）theseawaves

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simplify

B.simulate

C.stimulate

D.signify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simplifyv.簡(jiǎn)化，使簡(jiǎn)易；B選項(xiàng)simulatev.模仿，假裝，冒充；C選項(xiàng)stimulatev.刺激，鼓舞，激發(fā)；D選項(xiàng)signifyv.表示，意味著。句意：在舞臺(tái)上，許多舞動(dòng)著的藍(lán)絲綢模擬出了海浪的景象。根據(jù)句意，本題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thisisoneoftheanimalsthatcanthecoloroftheirsurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeon

D.taketo

【答案】C

【解析】詞組題。A選項(xiàng)takeup拿起，開始從事，占據(jù)；B選項(xiàng)takein吸收，理解，欺騙；C選項(xiàng)takeon承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，具有；D選項(xiàng)taketo喜歡，走向，開始從事。句意：這種動(dòng)物是那種可以隨著環(huán)境的顏色而改變身體顏色的種類。因此，C項(xiàng)“呈現(xiàn)”符合題意。

4.單選題

Beforepolicecouldstopthedrink-crazeddriver,hehadcrashed______anothercarandsentsixpersonstothehospital.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.against

C.into

D.on

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。crashout表示“（因極度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡覺”；crashagainst表示“碰撞（常發(fā)出巨大的聲響或造成破壞）”，against指對(duì)立；crashinto“撞上，墜毀”，into指進(jìn)去；haveacrushonsb,表示“喜歡某人”，為固定搭配。根據(jù)thedrink-crazeddriver與anothercar可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：在警察還沒來得及制止酒后駕車的司機(jī)，他就撞上了另一輛車，并使六個(gè)人送往醫(yī)院。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.

Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.

【答案】人的青春美妙絕倫，雖滿是痛楚，但魅力無限。年少時(shí)不了解青春為何物，當(dāng)其永逝，方才幡然大悟。

青春的逝去令人百般不舍，目睹其漸行漸遠(yuǎn)，難免觸目傷懷，悔不當(dāng)初。但青春不再卻又著實(shí)讓人悲喜交加?？杉幢闫孥E出現(xiàn)，時(shí)光倒流，卻也無人情愿重度那段青春歲月。

6.單選題

Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets______theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.furnish

B.induce

C.facilitate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)furnish“布置家具，提供”；B選項(xiàng)induce“引誘”；C選項(xiàng)facilitate“促進(jìn)，促使，使便利”；D選項(xiàng)allocate“分配，分派”。根據(jù)automaticdoors可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：超市的自動(dòng)門方便購物車顧客進(jìn)出。

7.單選題

Africanstudentshavemountedstrongprotestsoverthemeasure,claimingthattheyarebeingagainst.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.displaced

B.discriminated

C.resented

D.disturbed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)displacedv.取代，替換；B選項(xiàng)discriminatedv.歧視，辨別，區(qū)別；C選項(xiàng)resentedv.怨恨，厭惡；D選項(xiàng)disturbedv.擾亂，干擾。根據(jù)句意可知非洲學(xué)生們已經(jīng)針對(duì)實(shí)施方案確立了反抗提案，聲稱他們?cè)馐芰朔N族歧視。因此，正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Theyhaveareciprocalloathingforeachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aslighttrusting

B.adeepmotivating

C.amutualdisgust

D.alastingfight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)aslighttrusting輕微的信任；B選項(xiàng)adeepmotivating深刻的激勵(lì)；C選項(xiàng)amutualdisgust相互間厭惡；D選項(xiàng)alastingfight持久的斗爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)句意可知：他們都很厭惡對(duì)方，因此選擇C選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.premise

B.pretext

C.foundation

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定”；B選項(xiàng)pretext“借口，托詞”；C選項(xiàng)foundation“地基，基礎(chǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)presentation“提交，展示”。根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句“火星上有生命”可知選A。句意：從火星上有生命這一前提出發(fā)，這位科學(xué)家繼續(xù)深入他的論點(diǎn)。

10.單選題

Accordingtoaseniorofficialtherehasbeennoaboutthemeasures.Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrary

B.contradicting

C.controversy

D.contradictor

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)contraryn.相反，反面；B選項(xiàng)contradictionn.矛盾，反駁；C選項(xiàng)controversyn.爭(zhēng)論，論戰(zhàn)；D選項(xiàng)contradictoryn.對(duì)立物，矛盾因素。根據(jù)后文“Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.”可知，所有參議員的意見都是一致的，沒有爭(zhēng)論。因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

北京奧組委(TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiad)官方網(wǎng)站訊：2007年6月23日，在八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城舉辦的“第四屆2008北京奧林匹克文化節(jié)”開幕式上，所有觀眾的目光都被長(zhǎng)城上的新標(biāo)識(shí)所吸引一一在綠樹環(huán)繞下，一個(gè)令所有中國人興奮的口號(hào)映襯著的長(zhǎng)城遒勁而古老的線體。這就是一座長(zhǎng)67米，高18米的“同一個(gè)世界同一個(gè)夢(mèng)想(OneWorldOneDream)”北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)徽(Emblem)和北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)主題口號(hào)大型景觀建筑。在今后的兩年多的時(shí)間里，每當(dāng)人們抬頭仰望長(zhǎng)城巍峨的身姿就會(huì)知道，奧運(yùn)和中國有著怎樣的無法割舍的淵源。

【答案】TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiadOfficialWebsiteNews:AttheopeningceremonyoftheFourth2008BeijingOlympicCulturalFestival,heldontheBadalingGreatWallonJune23,2007,allaudiencesareattractedtothenewlogoontheGreatWall.Surroundedbygreentrees,thislogoshowspowerfulandantiquelineoftheGreatWallwithanexcitingslogantoallChinesepeople.Thatisalargelandscapearchitecture,67meterslengthand18metershigh,ofBeijingOlympicGamesemblemengravingcharacterswith“OneWorldOneDream”andBeijingOlympicGamesthemeslogan.Overthenextmorethantwoyears,peoplewilllearnaboutthedeepandcloserelationshipbetweenOlympicGamesandChinawhenevertheylookupattoweringfigureoftheGreatWall.

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

中國已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的大市場(chǎng)。世界各國和地區(qū)不少有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國，并從投資活動(dòng)中獲得了豐厚的回報(bào)。我相信，中國加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商參與中國投資活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)將越來越多，自身發(fā)展的空間也越來越大。在中國的投資活動(dòng)一定能成為溝通世界各國和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國市場(chǎng)的一座橋梁，促進(jìn)中國和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。

【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.

13.單選題

SinceBritishsettlersfirstoccupiedthiscountry.EnglishhasbeenthelanguageintheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.practicable

B.prevalent

C.predominant

D.popular

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)practicableadj.可用的，可行得通的；B選項(xiàng)prevalentadj.流行的，普遍的；C選項(xiàng)predominantadj.主要的，卓越的，有支配力的；D選項(xiàng)popularadj.流行的，通俗的。根據(jù)句意可知，自從英國殖民者第一次占領(lǐng)這個(gè)國家開始，英語就成為了美國的主流語言。因此，正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.（男人在外面工作，掙的錢養(yǎng)家，而女人做飯，照顧家里和孩子。這些角色對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說是固定不變的，婦女沒有機(jī)會(huì)交換她們的角色）可知過去男女的分工明確，角色相對(duì)固定，因此選D。

2.主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對(duì)男女分工角色的影響，再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世紀(jì)中葉，男性和女性的角色越來越不固定）可知C選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

A選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)50年代，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的成功是典型的美國人的目標(biāo)”；B選項(xiàng)“但是在20世紀(jì)60年代，一支新的力量被稱為反文化。參與這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人并不重視美國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的目標(biāo)；C選項(xiàng)“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”；D選項(xiàng)“一些年輕男性拒絕應(yīng)征當(dāng)兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影響卻蔓延到美國社會(huì)的許多方面）可推測(cè)反主流文化改變了美國的一些價(jià)值觀，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于對(duì)育兒更感興趣，男人們開始和妻子分擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。事實(shí)上，一些年輕男女搬進(jìn)了公共住宅或農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責(zé)任）可推測(cè)C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)男人都很樂意和妻子分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過去社會(huì)男女分工明確，角色固定；第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響；第四段講述了女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)給美國社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的變化；最后一段簡(jiǎn)單概括男女地位的變化與轉(zhuǎn)變中的困難。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國生活的新影響”符合題意。

15.單選題

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deduce“推論，推斷”；B選項(xiàng)presume“假設(shè)，認(rèn)為”；C選項(xiàng)pretend“假裝，偽裝”；D選項(xiàng)presuppose“假設(shè)，以……為前提”。根據(jù)Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果沒有人問任何問題，那么我認(rèn)為大家都能理解。

16.單選題

Alltheyearshehasbeen______betweenoptimismanddespair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrating

B.swinging

C.fluctuating

D.waving

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrate“(使)振動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)，擺動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)swing“(使)擺動(dòng)，搖擺”，指意見、態(tài)度或感情的搖擺；C選項(xiàng)fluctuate“（價(jià)格或數(shù)量）波動(dòng)，漲落，起伏”；D選項(xiàng)wave“揮手，擺手”。根據(jù)betweenoptimismanddespair可知選B。句意：一年來她一直在樂觀和絕望之間搖擺。

17.單選題

Areyouawarethatyouactuallypossesssixsenses?Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligentlytotheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.Forexample,whenyoureachforanobject,thesensorynerveslinkingthemusclestothebrainstopyourhandatthecorrectspot.Thisautomaticperceptionofthepositionofyourmusclesinrelationtotheobjectisyourmuscularsenseinaction.

Musclesarestringybundlesoffibersvaryingfromonefive-thousandthofaninchtoaboutthreeinches.Theyhavethreeuniquecharacteristics;theycanbecomeshorterandthicker;theycanstretch;andtheycanretracttotheiroriginalpositions.Underahigh-poweredmicroscope,muscletissueisseenaslong,slendercellswithagrainytexturelikewood.

Morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers,mostofwhichareinvoluntary—inotherwords,workwithoutconsciousdirection.Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularactions,numbermorethanfivehundred.Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.

1.Intelligentuseofthemusclesmeansthat（）.

2.Accordingtotheselection,morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedof（）.

3.Anaveragewomanisweakerthananaveragemanbecauseshehas（）.

4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedthat（）.

5.Accordingtotheselection,themuscularsenseisresponsiblefor（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onealwaysknowswhathismusclesaredoing

B.oneperformssimpleactionswithoutworking

C.one'smusclesareusedonlytotheextentnecessaryforeachactiontheyperform

D.oneimprovesmuscularactionconsciously

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.voluntarymuscles

B.musclefibers

C.involuntaryfibers

D.sensorynerves

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.morevoluntarymusclesthananaverageman

B.only60to70percentasmuchmuscleforherbodymass

C.60to70percentlessmuscleforherbodymass

D.lessmusclefiberforherbodyweight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.themuscularsenseismoreimportantthananyothersenses

B.muscularsenseinvolvesautomaticperception

C.therearemanymorethan500involuntarymusclesinthebody

D.muscletissueisinflexible

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theefficiencyofourmuscles

B.thenormalbreathingfunction

C.directingourmusclesintelligently

D.theworkofonlyourinvoluntarymuscles

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligentlytotheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.可知，第六感是一種肌肉感覺，可智能地精準(zhǔn)控制人體活動(dòng)。因此，C項(xiàng)是正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題意：根據(jù)原文，人類身體超過一半的組織是由什么構(gòu)成的？根據(jù)原文第三段第一句：Morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers.可知，人體超過一半的組織是由musclefibers（肌肉纖維）構(gòu)成。因此，正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第三段Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.可知，女性比正常男性力氣小是因?yàn)榕陨眢w內(nèi)肌肉含量?jī)H為男性的60-70%。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.推理判斷題。本文并未說明也未暗示肌肉感覺比其他感官重要，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文最后一段Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularaction,numbermorethanfivehundred.可知，C選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)說肌肉組織是不可彎曲的，與原文不符，故排除。因此，B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directingyourmusclesintelligently，因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Thecourtconsidersafinancial______tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.option

B.obsession

C.obligation

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)option“選擇”；B選項(xiàng)obsession“癡迷，著魔，困擾”；C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”；D選項(xiàng)penalty“懲罰”。根據(jù)punishinghim可知D選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：法院認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰是懲罰他的適當(dāng)方式。

19.單選題

Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hindrance

B.misfortune

C.catastrophe

D.threat

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)hindrancen.障礙，妨礙；Bmisfortunen.不幸，災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難；C選項(xiàng)catastrophen.大災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍；D選項(xiàng)threaten.威脅，恐嚇。句意：人口的增長(zhǎng)是對(duì)地球上非人類生物生存的威脅。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abide

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介詞by；B選項(xiàng)conform“順從，遵守，符合”；C選項(xiàng)concede“承認(rèn)，允許”；D選項(xiàng)observe“觀察”，observe表示“遵守”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，不與to搭配。根據(jù)thelaws可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：所有人都必須遵守本國政府制定的法律。

21.單選題

IcannevertouchlobsterbecauseI’m（）toshellfish.

e

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.allergic

C.infected

D.sensibl

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensitiveadj.敏感的，易受傷害的；B選項(xiàng)allergicadj.對(duì)……過敏的；C選項(xiàng)infectedadj.被感染的；D選項(xiàng)sensibleadj.明智的，明顯的，通情達(dá)理的。句意：我不能接觸龍蝦，因?yàn)槲覍?duì)殼類動(dòng)物過敏。根據(jù)句意，本題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Tomajorinastrophysicsyouneedanextramathcourse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Togethighergradesinastrophysics.

B.Tofinishyourastrophysicspaper.

C.Tospecializeinastrophysics.

D.Tobetterunderstandtheastrophysicscourse.

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。題目中majorin表示“主修；專攻”，A選項(xiàng)為“在天體物理學(xué)上取得更高的成就”；B選項(xiàng)為“完成你的天體物理學(xué)論文”；C選項(xiàng)為“以天體物理學(xué)為專業(yè)；專攻天體物理學(xué)”；D選項(xiàng)為“更好地了解天體物理學(xué)課程”。句意：要主修天體物理學(xué)，你就得再選擇一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)課。因此，正確答案是C項(xiàng)。

23.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

當(dāng)我們不堪重負(fù)、沮喪、失落，或因?yàn)槲覀冋J(rèn)為倒霉的事總是光臨我們而處于消極狀態(tài)時(shí)，將這些消極的思想轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極的至關(guān)重要。從一件積極的小事情開始，并且一整天就一直重復(fù)想著，你將進(jìn)入一個(gè)更加積極的狀態(tài)，這樣練下去，很快你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你將改變你的觀點(diǎn)，選擇快樂的生活，而不在意周圍那些瑣事。

【答案】Whenwearestressed,depressed,upset,orotherwiseinanegativestateofmindbecauseweperceivethat“badthings”keephappeningtous,itisimportanttoshiftthosenegativethoughtstosomethingpositive.Ifyoustartwithonesmall,positivethingandrepeatitduringthecourseofyourday,youwillbegintomoveintoamorepositivesituation.Withpractice,youwillfindthatovertime,youwillchangeyouroutlookandchoosetobehappy,irregardlessoftheeventsaroundyou.

24.單選題

Alexisn’tveryfriendly;hekeepsa（）betweenhimselfandotherpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.barrier

B.foundation

C.frontier

D.gauge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。通過句意可知，Alex不是特別友好，他總將自己與其他人隔離開來。A選項(xiàng)為“障礙；分界線”；B選項(xiàng)為“基礎(chǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)為“邊界；邊緣”；D選項(xiàng)為“尺度；測(cè)量”。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

25.單選題

Butforhishelp,I（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotsucceed

B.hadnotsucceeded

C.shouldnothavesucceeded

D.havenotsucceeded

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Butfor表示“要不是”，引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬語氣。A選項(xiàng)didnotsucceed過去時(shí)；B選項(xiàng)hadnotsucceeded過去完成時(shí)；C選項(xiàng)shouldnothavesucceeded表示“原本不應(yīng)該成功的，但卻成功了”，表示虛擬語氣；D選項(xiàng)havenotsucceeded現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

26.單選題

Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decision

B.sentence

C.prosecution

D.mandate

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decisionn.決心，決定；B選項(xiàng)sentencen.句子，命題，宣判；C選項(xiàng)prosecutionn.起訴，檢舉；D選項(xiàng)mandaten.授權(quán)，命令。根據(jù)句意陪審團(tuán)的成員們?cè)诼犎∽C詞后宣布了判決，因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。

27.單選題

Hisassertionangeredme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.statement

B.question

C.success

D.mistake

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中assertion表示“主張；聲稱”；A選項(xiàng)statementn.聲明；陳述；B選項(xiàng)problemn.問題；C選項(xiàng)successn.成功；D選項(xiàng)mistaken.錯(cuò)誤。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

28.單選題

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，主句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（禮貌問語）您喜歡，您愿意”，是一種委婉征求意見的方式。因此，排除其他選項(xiàng)，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

29.單選題

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a______hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.verdict

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quarrel“爭(zhēng)吵，吵架”，強(qiáng)調(diào)以發(fā)生口角和吵架等形式引起的爭(zhēng)論；B選項(xiàng)suspicion“懷疑，嫌疑”；C選項(xiàng)verdict“裁定，裁決”；D選項(xiàng)controversy“(公開的)爭(zhēng)論，辯論”，指對(duì)引起廣泛興趣或非常重要的問題的辨論。根據(jù)thesafetyofnuclearenergy可知核能安全是一個(gè)重要的話題，因此選D。句意：在幾次核災(zāi)難之后，激起了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于核能安全的爭(zhēng)論。

30.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B選項(xiàng)standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的”；C選項(xiàng)competitive“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的”；D選項(xiàng)generalized“普遍的，廣泛的”。根據(jù)Even可知空格與varygreatly的意思相反，因此選B。句意：即使教科書通過學(xué)校系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，教學(xué)方法也可能有很大的不同。

31.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)的”；B選項(xiàng)thrifty“節(jié)儉的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C選項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)省的，節(jié)儉的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D選項(xiàng)careful“小心地，仔細(xì)地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當(dāng)心，注意”。根據(jù)Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意：雖然他變得富有了，但他仍然很節(jié)儉。

32.單選題

Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.

Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.

Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.

Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.

Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.

Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.

Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman'slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughtlobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.

Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.

Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.

Inmoremodemtimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.

Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?

2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.3and7.

B.3and9.

C.7and9.

D.3and13.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.legend

B.religion

C.popularbelief

D.certaincustoms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heismildlycritical.

B.Heisstronglycritical.

C.Heisinfavorofthem.

D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.（七是另一個(gè)重要的數(shù)字，通常被認(rèn)為是好運(yùn)的使者）和第六段中的Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber（九通常被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)幸運(yùn)的數(shù)字）可知數(shù)字七與九代表好運(yùn)，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.（人們普遍認(rèn)為這個(gè)數(shù)字起源于耶穌最后的晚餐中有13人的事實(shí)）可知13這個(gè)數(shù)字來源于宗教，因此選B。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.（但奇怪的是，出生在13號(hào)的人一點(diǎn)也不害怕，這恰恰說明我們迷信的觀念是多么的不理智）可知作者對(duì)迷信帶有點(diǎn)批判的態(tài)度，因此選A。

33.單選題

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers

D.triedascientificmanagementapproach

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scientificandhuman

B.efficientbutslave-driving

C.academicbutpracticable

D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.purchasedasteelmill

B.soldasteelmill

C.startedtoprotectenvironment

D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitiont