2022年考研考博-考博英語-云南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)2

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-云南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Tobetermedscientific,amethodofinquirymustbebasedongatheringobservable,empiricalandmeasurableevidence（

）tospecificprinciplesofreasoning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.superfluous

B.scrupulous

C.object

D.subject

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Superfluous“多余的，不必要的”；scrupulous“細(xì)心的，小心謹(jǐn)慎的”；object“目標(biāo)（名詞）”；subject“易遭受……的，受……支配”。根據(jù)固定搭配subjectto“使服從，受制于”，句意：科學(xué)的研究方法必須以收集可觀察的、經(jīng)驗(yàn)的和可測(cè)量的證據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，并遵循特定的推理原則。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed（1）extendingman’sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions（2）fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein（3）andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.

Smallerandneweruniversitiesdonot（4）thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe（5）researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.（6）mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis（7）tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin（8）withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.

Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto（9）theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen（10）.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe（11）one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen（12）judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,they（13）studentstomeetotherswithdiffering（14）andtoreadwidelyto（15）theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.（16）asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown（17）.Heshouldbepreparedto（18）sacrificestostudyhischosen（19）indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome（20）contributiontoman’sknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.by

C.to

D.in

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.turns

B.ranges

C.moves

D.varies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.prospect

B.place

C.control

D.favor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.occupy

B.possess

C.involve

D.spare

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.maximum

B.medium

C.virtual

D.vast

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.But

B.As

C.While

D.For

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.essential

C.functional

D.optional

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.coordination

B.accordance

C.touch

D.grasp

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.acquire

B.accept

C.endure

D.ensure

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.procession

B.profession

C.possession

D.preference

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.typical

B.true

C.mere

D.only

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.under

C.on

D.through

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.prompt

B.provoke

C.encourage

D.anticipate

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.histories

B.expressions

C.interests

D.curiosities

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.broaden

B.length

C.enforce

D.specify

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.Amid

B.After

C.Over

D.Upon

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.object

B.course

C.effect

D.sake

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.take

B.make

C.suffer

D.pay

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.field

B.scope

C.target

D.goal

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.radical

B.truthful

C.meaningful

D.initial

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查介詞辨析。aimtodo“想要做某事，立志要做”；aimatdoing“指望、旨在、針對(duì)”，句意：他們還開展研究工作，旨在擴(kuò)大人類對(duì)這些學(xué)科的知識(shí)。且后面動(dòng)詞是doing形式，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)上下文，意思是各個(gè)大學(xué)對(duì)于科研的重視程度在學(xué)校和學(xué)校之間是不同的。此處vary譯為“不同”，可以構(gòu)成varyfrom…to…意為“因……而異”。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.介詞搭配題。在本句中，根據(jù)and這一并列連詞可以看出，其后的內(nèi)容為根據(jù)學(xué)校現(xiàn)有資源的不同而決定了科研的不同，那么and前的并列部分，也是在講學(xué)校自身的原因，因此可以得出people一詞后面的介詞短語作定語，故而想到incontrol“主管，控制”，此處peopleincontrol意為“學(xué)校的主管人員”也就是管理者們。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occupy“占據(jù)、占領(lǐng)”；B選項(xiàng)possess“擁有、具備”；C選項(xiàng)involve“包含、涉及”；D選項(xiàng)spare“多余的，備用的”，句意：一些小規(guī)模學(xué)校或是新建學(xué)校不擁有可以開展大型研究的工作人員和設(shè)備。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)maximum“最大值”；B選項(xiàng)medium“中等的”；C選項(xiàng)virtual“虛擬的”；D選項(xiàng)vast“巨大的”，句意為：較小和較新的大學(xué)沒有人員或設(shè)備來進(jìn)行大型研究機(jī)構(gòu)可能進(jìn)行的大規(guī)模研究項(xiàng)目。大型研究機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的研究項(xiàng)目，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)上句“較小和較新的大學(xué)沒有人員或設(shè)備來進(jìn)行大型研究機(jī)構(gòu)可能進(jìn)行的大規(guī)模研究項(xiàng)目”以及下句“大多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為一些研究活動(dòng)是必要的，以保持教職員工和他們的學(xué)生在他們的學(xué)科的最新發(fā)展”，由此說明雖沒有人員和設(shè)備，但是一些研究活動(dòng)還是必要的，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)natural“自然的”；B選項(xiàng)essential“必不可少的”；C選項(xiàng)functional“功能的”；D選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”，beessentialto為固定搭配，意為“對(duì)……至關(guān)重要，必不可少”。根據(jù)句意：專家們認(rèn)為，為了使學(xué)生和教師能夠及時(shí)了解學(xué)科發(fā)展的最新信息，搞科研是很有必要的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句意，搞科研的目的是讓教師和學(xué)生能夠及時(shí)了解前沿信息，信息詞keep，in，with和touch構(gòu)成固定搭配keepintouchwith，意為“與……保持聯(lián)系”。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”；B選項(xiàng)accept“接受”；C選項(xiàng)endure“忍受、忍耐”；D選項(xiàng)ensure“確保”，根據(jù)上下文，學(xué)生上大學(xué)的目的主要是為了獲取知識(shí)，acquire“獲得（技能，知識(shí)等）”與knowledge搭配符合句意。選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)procession“游行、隊(duì)伍”；B選項(xiàng)profession“職業(yè)、專業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)possession“占有、所有”；D選項(xiàng)preference“偏好、偏愛”，句意為：大多數(shù)學(xué)生上大學(xué)主要是為了獲得他們所選擇的專業(yè)所需的知識(shí)。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)上句“大多數(shù)學(xué)生上大學(xué)主要是為了獲得他們所選擇的專業(yè)所需的知識(shí)”，推測(cè)出下句“教育家認(rèn)為，這一目標(biāo)不應(yīng)該是唯一的目標(biāo)”，教育家認(rèn)為獲得專業(yè)知識(shí)并不只是唯一的目標(biāo)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.考查介詞辨析。句意為：大學(xué)的目標(biāo)一直是培養(yǎng)具有判斷力、智慧和知識(shí)的男性和女性。with+名詞構(gòu)成后置定語修飾menandwomen。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

13.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prompt“提示、促進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)provoke“引起、挑起”；C選項(xiàng)encourage“鼓勵(lì)、鼓舞”；D選項(xiàng)anticipate“預(yù)料、預(yù)計(jì)”，根據(jù)上文，學(xué)校的教育目標(biāo)是多元的，因此學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去廣泛結(jié)交興趣多樣的人才。encourage意為“鼓勵(lì)、鼓舞”，其固定用法為encouragesbtodosth。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)histories“歷史、歷史記錄”；B選項(xiàng)expressions“表達(dá)”；C選項(xiàng)interests“興趣、愛好”；D選項(xiàng)curiosities“好奇”，根據(jù)上文的提示，大學(xué)的目標(biāo)一直是培養(yǎng)具有判斷力、智慧和知識(shí)的男性和女性。此處指與興趣廣泛的人結(jié)交，interest“興趣、愛好”符合題意。因此選C。

15.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)broaden“擴(kuò)大、加寬”；B選項(xiàng)length“長度”；C選項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施、執(zhí)行”；D選項(xiàng)specify“指定、詳細(xì)說明”，根據(jù)句意：廣泛閱讀來增加他們?cè)谠S多領(lǐng)域的理解研究，broaden“擴(kuò)大”符合題意，因此選B。

16.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amid“在……過程中”；B選項(xiàng)after“在……之后”；C選項(xiàng)over“以上、大于”；D選項(xiàng)upon“在……之上、即將來臨”，句意：在即將來臨的中學(xué)課程中，學(xué)生應(yīng)該對(duì)某一學(xué)科有足夠的興趣，從而享受獲取知識(shí)的樂趣。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查固定搭配。forone’sownsake也可以說成forthesakeofsb，意為“為了……的好處，出于對(duì)……的興趣”，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.考查固定搭配。makesacrificetodo意為“為……做出犧牲”，此處指學(xué)生為了自己的興趣愛好做出犧牲。因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

19.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)field“領(lǐng)域、牧場(chǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)scope“范圍”；C選項(xiàng)target“目標(biāo)、指標(biāo)”；D選項(xiàng)goal“目的”，根據(jù)句意：他應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備盡一切努力深入研究他所選擇的領(lǐng)域。field“領(lǐng)域”符合題意，因此選A。

20.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)radical“激進(jìn)的、根本的”；B選項(xiàng)truthful“真實(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)meaningful“有意義的”；D選項(xiàng)initial“最初的”，句意為：他應(yīng)該要有為人類的知識(shí)做出一些實(shí)事的決心。學(xué)術(shù)界的貢獻(xiàn)得是真實(shí)的，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Naturally,inagroupofanimalsasdiverseasthesnakes,andwithsomanyvariedenemies,therearenumerousdefensivereactionsanddevices.Thereis,however,onegeneralpatternofbehavior,inthepresenceofasuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation;ifthisfails,thenextresortisflighttosomeinaccessibleretreat,butifthisisnotpossible,oriscircumvented,variouskindsofintimidatorygesturesandwarningdevicesarebroughtintoplay;inthelastresortthesnakeattacks.Thispatternvarieswiththecircumstances;somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce,thoughseldomorneverwithoutsomeprovocation.

Amongstthefactorsthatincreaseaggressivenessarehunger,thematingseasonandsurprise,withthelastmentionedthecommonest;whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak,butitiswhenitiscaughtunawaresthatthenormalchainofre-actionstendstobecometelescoped.Owingtotheirpoorsenseofhearing,snakesareveryliabletobe,quiteliterally,caughtnappingandasimilarsituationarisesduringtheirperiodsoftemporaryblindnessjustbeforesloughingbegins.Byfarthegreatestnumberofsnake-biteaccidentsresultfromtheunwittingdisturbanceofrestingsnakes,andthishazardismuchincreasedwithspeciesthatarewellcamouflagedandwhosenaturalinstinctistotrusttothisconcealmentastheirprincipaldefense.Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies;andthereportsofthosewhohavebeenattackedmayunderstandablybelackinginobjectivity.Soitisimpossibletoforecast,eveninoutline,howanyencounterwilldevelop.

TheHamadryad,forexample,isusuallycreditedwithbeingamongstthemostaggressiveofsnakes,andtherearemanyaccountsofunprovokedattacks,yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway.

1.Whenasnakemeetsapotentialenemy,itsprimarydeviceis（）.

2.By“dispensewithallthepreliminaries”(thelastsentence,Para.l.),theauthormostprobablymeansthat（）.

3.Asnakeismostaggressivewhen（）.

4.Itisdifficulttopredictwhatwouldhappenwhenasnakemeetsamanbecause（）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleinthelastparagraphtosupporthisideathat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avoidinganyobservation

B.findingasafeshelter

C.givingawarningthreat

D.startingaquick

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesnakescombineallthepreviousthreesteps.

B.thesnakesgiveupalltheprevioussteps.

C.thesnakesfollowallthepreviousstepsonebyone.

D.thesnakesreversetheorderofalltheprevioussteps.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itmeetsapossibleenemy

B.itiscaughtwhenitissleepingorsloughing

C.itisdisturbedunknowingly

D.itseeksapartnerinthematingseason

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.noonehaseverclearlyknownhowhehimselfwasbit

B.mantendstobesubjectivewhenhedescribeshisencounterwithasnake

C.theaggressivenessofthesnakesdiversifiesaccordingtodifferentsituations

D.asnakedoesnotbegintoattackwithoutprovocation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.snakesdonotbegintheaggressiveactifitisnotdisturbed

B.somesnakesaremoreaggressiveandmorereadytoattack

C.itishardtoforecastwhetherandhowsnakeswouldattack

D.snakesoftenconcealthemselvesastheirprincipaldefense

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段，“inthepresenceofsuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation”，在可疑的敵人面前，第一反應(yīng)是設(shè)法逃過觀察。由此可知蛇第一裝置是逃避任何的觀察，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章最后一段，“somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce”，一些階段可能被省略或合并不可預(yù)測(cè)，而一些臭名昭著的暴躁物種可能免除所有的準(zhǔn)備，幾乎一下子攻擊。由此可知，蛇會(huì)放棄所有步驟直接攻擊。因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段，“whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak.”當(dāng)尋找食物或配偶時(shí)，活躍性和攻擊性的本能都達(dá)到了頂峰，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段，“Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies”除了同一物種的個(gè)體在攻擊能力上因環(huán)境和條件的不同而存在差異外，物種之間，甚至親緣關(guān)系密切的物種之間也存在顯著差異。由此可知，蛇應(yīng)對(duì)不同的情況會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出不同的應(yīng)對(duì)反應(yīng)，因此蛇遇見人而做出的反應(yīng)是難以預(yù)測(cè)的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段，“yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway”，但有一次，14個(gè)人和7條狗在離一個(gè)巢穴兩碼的地方經(jīng)過并返回，盡管雌蛇沒有出現(xiàn)。守護(hù)鳥巢的鳥兒，不可能離得太遠(yuǎn)。由此可知蛇沒有被打擾是不會(huì)進(jìn)行應(yīng)激行為的。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.單選題

Here’sthescarythingabouttheidentity-theftringthatthefedscrackedlastweek:therewasnothinganyofitsestimated40,000victimscouldhavedonetopreventitfromhappening.Thiswasaninsidejob,accordingtocourtdocuments.Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop.Thatallowedthegangtocherry-pickconsumerswithgoodcreditandapplyforallkindsofaccountsintheirnames,costtothevictims:$3millionandrising.

Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets.Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure.Asitstandsnow,it’suptoyoutoprotectyouridentity.

Thegoodnewsisthatthereareplentyofstepsyoucantake.Mostcreditthievesareopportunists,notwell-organizedgangs.AlotofthemgoDumpsterdivingforthosemillionsof“pre-approved”credit-cardmailingsthatgoouteveryday.Othersstealwalletsandreturnthem,takingonlyaSocialSecuritynumber.ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater.

Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear.Therearethreemajorcredit—reportoutfits:Equifax(atE),TransUnion()andExperian(E).Allallowyoutoorderreportsonline,whichisalotbetterthanwadingthroughvoice-mailhellontheir800lines.Ofthethree,1foundTransUnion’swebsitetobethecheapestandmostcomprehensive—layingoutstate-by-stateprices,rightsandtipsforconsumersineasy-to-readfashion.

Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoliveinColorado,Georgia,Maryland,Massachusetts,NewJerseyorVermont,youareentitledtoonefreereportayearbylaw.Otherwiseit’sgoingtocost$8to$14eachtime.Avoidservicesthatoffertomonitoryourreportsyear-roundforabout$70;that’s$10morethanthegoingrateamongthieves.Ifyouthinkyou’reavictimofidentitytheft,youcanaskforfraudalertstobeputonfileateachofthethreecredit-reportcompanies.Youcanalsodownloadatheft-reportformatwww.consumer.gor/idtheft,which,alongwithalocalpolicereport,shouldhelpwheniratecreditorscomeknocking.Justdon’texpectjustice.Thataudacioushelp-deskworkerwasoneofthefewerthan2%ofidentitythieveswhoareevercaught.

1.Whatisthetrendofcredit-theftcrime?

2.Theexpression“insidejob”mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Thecreditorscanprotecttheiridentityinthefollowingwayexcept（）.

4.Whyisiteasytohavecredit-theft?

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tightlysuppressed.

B.Morefrightening.

C.Rapidlyincreasing.

D.Looselycontrolled.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.acrimethatiscommittedbyapersonworkingforthevictim

B.acrimethatshouldbepunishedseverely

C.acrimethatdoesgreatharmtothevictim

D.acrimethatposesagreatthreattothesociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyingyourjunkmail

B.leavingyourSocialSecuritycardathome

C.visitingthecredit-reportwebsiteregularly

D.obtainingthefreereportfromthegovernment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Morepeopleareusingcreditservices.

B.Theapplicationprogramisnotsafeenough.

C.Creditorsusuallydisclosetheiridentity.

D.Creditorsarenotcarefulabouttheiridentity.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedangerofcredit-theft

B.Thelossofthecreditors

C.Howtoprotectyourgoodname

D.Whythecreditorslosetheiridentity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets”,更可怕的是，這是迄今為止最大規(guī)模的身份盜竊案，不過是滄海一粟。每年有超過70萬美國人的信用被劫持。這是最大的犯罪增長市場(chǎng)之一。由此可知，信用盜竊犯罪率呈上升趨勢(shì)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop”,TeledataCommunications是一家?guī)椭y行在線獲取信用報(bào)告的軟件公司，據(jù)稱該公司的一名地位低下的咨詢臺(tái)工作人員竊取了這些報(bào)告的密碼，并以每份60美元的價(jià)格將其賣給了20名盜賊。由此可知，insidejob意味著公司內(nèi)部人員對(duì)受害者犯下的罪行。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater”和第四段“Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear”，相對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A、B、C，選項(xiàng)D以偏概全，只適用于特定的幾個(gè)州，而不是所有的，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure”,一個(gè)名字、地址和社會(huì)安全號(hào)碼——這些可以在網(wǎng)上找到——是任何人申請(qǐng)?zhí)摷傩庞妙~度所需要的全部。信用公司每年賺1.3萬億美元，但因欺詐而損失的收入不到2%，所以他們沒有什么經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)來提高申請(qǐng)程序的安全性。由此可知，應(yīng)用程序不夠安全是信用卡容易遭到盜竊的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。定位整篇文章內(nèi)容，從信用盜竊討論，主要涉及保護(hù)個(gè)人信息。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Twocenturieshave（）tomeetinsmallerworkinggroupsanddeepennegotiationsovertheNorth’snuclear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persisted

B.pledged

C.asserted

D.petitioned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。persist“堅(jiān)持”；pledge“發(fā)誓”；assert“聲稱”；petition“請(qǐng)?jiān)浮薄１揪湟鉃椤皟蓚€(gè)世紀(jì)以來，他們堅(jiān)持以較小的工作小組開會(huì)，就朝鮮的核問題深化談判”，較小的工作會(huì)議形式需要堅(jiān)持進(jìn)行，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.單選題

UnlikephotographersonEarth,astronautsinthespacehavetheopportunitytotakephotographsfrom（

）perspectives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undermined

B.undulated

C.unilateral

D.unprecedented

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Undermined“潛行的”；undulated“波狀的”；unilateral“單方面的”；unprecedented“空前的，無前例的”。句意：與地球上的攝影師不同，太空中的宇航員有機(jī)會(huì)從前所未有的角度拍攝照片。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thoughhedidn’tsayanything,wecould（）fromhisexpressionthathewasunhappy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceive

B.discern

C.recognize

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceive“設(shè)想、想象”；B選項(xiàng)discern“辨別、識(shí)別”；C選項(xiàng)recognize“承認(rèn)、認(rèn)出”；D選項(xiàng)distinguish“區(qū)分、辨別”，句意為：雖然他什么也沒說，但從他的表情我們可以看出他不高興。從表情可以區(qū)分出人的情緒，distinguishfrom為固定搭配，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.寫作題

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.

1.China’sOpportunitiesandChallengeswiththeComingofGlobalization.

2.SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingdamagedbyhuman,activity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

【答案】略

9.單選題

RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.

Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.

Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.

Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.

Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.

Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetime,someofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.

Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness—asheseesit―ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.

Thismakesthemrathercynical.

1.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause（

）.

2.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,policemenspendmostoftheirtimeandefforts（

）.

4.What’sthepoliceman’sbiggestheadache?

5.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminals

B.hemustbehaveasprofessionallawyersdo

C.hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommitted

D.hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dangerous

B.Demanding

C.Distressing

D.Dramatic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.patrollingthestreet,rainorshine

B.trackingandarrestingcriminals

C.collectingandprovidingevidence

D.consultingtherulesoflaw

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.

B.Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.

C.Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases

D.Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.

B.Becausetheyfindpeopleinsincerewiththem.

C.Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.

D.Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.”，可知第一個(gè)區(qū)別是警察的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活是圍繞著刑法的，他必須知道什么行為是犯罪，什么證據(jù)可以在法庭上證明他們所逮捕的人確實(shí)有犯罪行為?？膳袛喑鼍毂仨毥邮苄谭ǚ矫娴挠?xùn)練的原因在于要能證明他所逮捕的人是罪犯。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章中對(duì)警察的相關(guān)描述，“apoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw…h(huán)eoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence…therealoneistheunpleasantpressures…”，可知警察需要懂法律，需要在逮捕過程中收集證據(jù)，需要承受不快的壓力等等，可判斷出最能描述警察這個(gè)職業(yè)的詞為demanding“要求高的”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.”，可知在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，找到罪犯在很多情況下并不是什么大問題。又根據(jù)第五段，“Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.”，可知逮捕之后，才真正開始偵探的工作了。他必須在法庭上證明自己的觀點(diǎn)，為此他經(jīng)常需要收集很多不同的證據(jù)?？膳袛喑鼍煨枰汛罅康臅r(shí)間和精力花在尋找和收集證據(jù)上。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.”，可知第三個(gè)最大的區(qū)別就是不快的壓力，首先，他們總是必須絕對(duì)依法行事。其次，作為公務(wù)員，他們必須取得成效?？膳袛喑鼍毂仨氃诓贿`反任何法律的情況下達(dá)到最理想的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness…insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.”，可知如果偵探要偵破這個(gè)世界，世界往往會(huì)欺騙他。他遇到的任何人幾乎沒有一個(gè)告訴他真相。偵探會(huì)感到自己與外界的這種隔閡加深了。在警察想要消除犯罪的時(shí)候，而其他人可能希望給罪犯改過自新的機(jī)會(huì)而對(duì)其從輕處罰?？膳袛喑鼍炫c世界隔離的原因在于他們沒有得到人們應(yīng)有的支持。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（

）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。absorption“吸收”；dissemination“宣傳”；assimilation“同化”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：水從固體變成液體需要吸入周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量，這一吸收過程產(chǎn)生的低溫。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

他曾在許多著名的美術(shù)家門下學(xué)習(xí)。這些美術(shù)家中的一些渴望描述社會(huì)下層居民的生活。

只有通過這些科目考試的人才能擔(dān)任政府官員。

有證據(jù)證明黑猩猩(chimpanzee)過著一種復(fù)雜的社會(huì)生活，但具體的細(xì)節(jié)尚不清楚。

人們抱著一夜暴富的心理借錢賭牌。

肥沃的土地和豐富的植物提供了豐富的糧食，維護(hù)了社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。

【答案】Hewasoncelearnedfrommanyfamousartists,someofwhomdesiredtodescribelivesofpeoplefromthelowerclass.

Onlypeoplewhopasstheseexamscanbecomegovernmentofficials.

Evidenceshowsthatchimpanzeesliveacomplexsociallife,butsomespecificdetailsarestillnotclear.

Peopleborrowmoneytogamblewiththethoughtofbecomingrichovernight.

Fertilesoilandabundantplantsprovideusenoughfoodandsustainthesociety'sstability.

12.單選題

Writtenprimarilyforaspecializedbutdiversebodyofscholars,thisbook（

）theattentionofthoseinterestedinseventeenth-centuryEnglishliterature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.proposes

C.acclaims

D.distills

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。warrant“保證；擔(dān)保”；propose“建議，打算”；acclaim“稱贊”；distill“提取”。句意：這本書主要是為一群專業(yè)且各路學(xué)者而寫，所以，它一定會(huì)引起那些對(duì)17世紀(jì)文學(xué)感興趣的人的注意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements,（

）religiousgroupswhoopposedslavery,andlaterformedthebackboneoftheAbolitionistMovement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therehave

B.thereare

C.therewere

D.havetherebeen

【答案】D

【解析】語法（倒裝）題目?？崭袂耙痪洹癊veninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements”是整個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語，而當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語位于句首時(shí)，主句部分需要使用部分倒裝，D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Atthissinglepointintheinterior,therehasbeeninsomefardistantage,agreatsuddenvolcanic（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.uprising

B.uplifting

C.upheaval

D.upbringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。uprising“升起的”；uplifting“令人振奮的”；upheaval“劇變”；upbringing“教養(yǎng)，撫育”。本句意為“內(nèi)陸的這個(gè)地方，在遙遠(yuǎn)的年代曾發(fā)生過巨大的火山劇變”，upheaval符合題意。因此C正確。

15.單選題

Walkingthroughmytrainyesterday,staggeringfrommyseattothebuffetandback,IcountedfivepeoplereadingHarryPotternovels.Notchildren-thesewererealgrown-upsreadingchildren’sbooks.

Maybethatwouldhavebeenunderstandable.Ifthesepeoplehadjumpedwhole-heartedlyintoasecondchildhooditwouldhavemademoresense.Buttheywerecard-carryinggrown-upswithlaptopsandspreadsheetsreturningfromsalesmeetingsandseminars.Yettheychosetoreadachildren’sbook.

Idon’timagineyou’llfindthisheadcountexceptional.YoucannolongergetontheLondonTubeandnotseeaHarryPotterbook.Norisitjustthefilm;thesethrowbackreaderswereoutthereindroveslongbeforethemoviecampaignopened.

SowhoaretheseadultreaderswhohavemadeJ.K.Rowlingthesecond-biggestfemaleearnerinBritain(afterMadonna)AsIhavetrampedalongstreetsknee-deepinHarryPotterpaperbacks,I’vementallyslottedthemintothreegroups.

FirstcometheNever-Readers,whomHarryhasenticedintoopeningabook.Isthisabadthingprobablynot.Writinghasmanyadvantagesoverfilm,butitcannevercompetewithitsmagneticpunch.Ifthesebookscanre-establishthenovelasathrillingexperienceforsomepeople,thenthiscanonlybeforthebetter.Ifittakesobsession-levelhypetolurethemintoabookshop,that’sfinebyme.Butwilltheygoontoreadanythingelseagain,wecanonlyhope.

ThesecondgrouparetheOccasionalReaders.Thesepeopleclaimthattiredness,workandchildrenallowthemtoreadonlyafewbooksayear.Yetnow—tobepartofthecrowd,tosaythey’vereadit—theyputHarryPotterontheiroh-so-selectreadinglist.It’sinfuriating,andmaddening.Yes,I’mawritermyself,currentlywritingdifficult,unreadable,hopefullyunsettlingnovels,buttherearesomanyothergoodbooksoutthere,somuchrewarding,enlightening,enlargingworksoffictionforadults;andyetthesesadcasesaresweptalongbythehype,thefaddism,intoreadingachildren’sbook.

ThethirdgrouparetheRegularReaders,forwhomHarryissandwichedbetweenMcEwanandBalzac,RothandDickens.Thisistherealbaffler—whatonearthdotheygetoutofreadingit?Whybother?Butiftheycallrattlethroughitinaweekjusttosaythey’vebeenthere—likegoingtoLongleatortheEiffelTower—theworstthey’redoingisencouragingothers.

1.Wha