2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號17

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

（）youpromiseyouwillworkhard,（）supportyoutocollege.

問題1選項

A.Ifonly...willI

B.Only...Iwill

C.Onlyif...willI

D.Onlyif...Iwill、

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。觀察第一空的選項，ifonly“只要；但愿”后面一般用虛擬語氣；onlyif“只有”后用倒裝。再干可判定此題使用倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)。因此C選項符合題意。

2.單選題

TheUnitedNationsPopulationFundhaspickedOctober31asthedaytheworldwillbehometo7

billionpeople.

Forbetterandworse,it’samilestone.

Andtherewillbemoremilestonesahead.Fourteenyearsfromnow,thereareexpectedtobe8

billionpeopleontheplanet.Mostofthegrowthwilloccurintheworld’spoorercountries.

Proportionally,Europe’spopulationwilldecline,whileAfrica’swillincrease.Ataroundthesametime,

IndiawillovertakeChinaasthemostpopulousnationonEarth.

Thegrowingglobalpopulationisjustonesideofthecoin.ArecentreportfromtheWorldHealth

Organizationsignaledtheseriousnessofthehumanpopulationexplosion:morethan3billionpeople—

abouthalftheworld’spopulation—aremalnourished.Neverbeforehavesomany,orsuchalarge

proportion,oftheworld’speoplebeenmalnourished.

Andinagrowingnumberofcountriesthereisaseeminglyunstoppablemarchtowardsub-

replacementfertility,wherebyeachnewgenerationislesspopulousthanthepreviousone,and

populationaging.

Asaresultofdecliningfertilityandincreasinglongevity,thepopulationsofmoreandmore

countriesareagingrapidly.Between2005and2050,ariseinthepopulationaged60yearsoroverwill

bevisible,whereasthenumberofchildren(personsunderage15)willdeclineslightly.

Populationagingrepresents,inonesense,asuccessstoryformankind,butitalsoposesprofoundchallengestopublicinstitutionsthatmustadapttoachangingagestructure.

ThelatestnationalcensusinChinashowsthenumberofelderlypeopleinthecountryhasjumpedto

morethan13.3percentofthepopulation,anincreaseofnearly3percentagepointsonthepercentage

fromthepreviouscensusin2000.Aquarterofthecountry’spopulationwillbeover65by2050,

accordingtotheNationalPopulationandFamilyPlanningCommission.

Thegrowingnumberofelderlyisachallengethatthegovernmentneedstotackle；wecan’trelyon

theever-increasingpopulationtosupportthemormaintainthenation’seconomicgrowth.Better

solutionsareneeded,suchasraisingretirementagestoreflectthegreaterlongevityandworking

capabilityoftoday’solderadultsandmakingadjustmentssopensionprogramsaremoreaccessible.

ItwashearteningtoheartheMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityspokesperson

announcedinBeijingonTuesdaythatthegovernmentwilltakeretirementpolicyseriouslyand

proactively.

ShanghaibegantestingaflexibleretirementsystemlastOctober.Eligibleemployeesintheprivate

sectorareallowedtopostponeretirementuntiltheageof65formenand60forwomen.Public

servants,however,willcontinuetoretireunderthepresentsystemage60formenand55forwomen.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Indiawill_____in14years.

2.Whatproblemwillresultfromtheglobalpopulationexplosion?

3.PopulationonagingrepresentsthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Today’solderadultsenjoy（）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthespokesperson’sannouncement?

問題1選項

A.beapoorercountry

B.bethemostpopulouscountry

C.declineinpopulation

D.increaseinvestmentinAfrica.

問題2選項

A.Populationaging.

B.Increasinglongevity.

C.Decliningfertility.

D.Expandingmalnourishment.

問題3選項

A.rapideconomicdevelopment

B.challengetopublicinstitutions

C.successstoryofmankind

D.changingagestructure

問題4選項

A.moreworkingyears

B.moreaccessiblepensionprograms

C.greaterlongevity

D.greatergovernmentsupport

問題5選項

A.Angered.

B.Delighted.

C.Indifferent.

D.Disappointed.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，印度將在14年后______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞India和14years定位到文章第三段最后一句“IndiawillovertakeChinaasthemostpopulousnationonEarth”，印度將超越中國成為人口最大國。因此B選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)推理題。題干：全球人口激增將帶來什么問題？文章第四段第二句提到“人口激增”。緊接著后文提到“morethan3billionpeople—abouthalftheworld’spopulation—aremalnourished”，可知營養(yǎng)不良的人口增多，范圍會擴大。因此D選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)題。題干：人口老齡化帶來的問題除了_____。第七段提到人口老齡化的問題“Populationagingrepresents,inonesense,asuccessstoryformankind,butitalsoposesprofoundchallengestopublicinstitutionsthatmustadapttoachangingagestructure.”除了A選項的“經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展”沒有體現(xiàn)外，其他都是人口老齡化的問題。因此A選項符合題意。

4.細節(jié)題。題干：現(xiàn)在的老年人享有_____。文章第九段提到“Bettersolutionsareneeded,suchasraisingretirementagestoreflectthegreaterlongevityandworkingcapabilityoftoday’solderadultsandmakingadjustmentssopensionprogramsaremoreaccessible”，可知，在（人口老齡化）這種情況下需要更好的解決方法，比如考慮到如今老年人的壽命越來越長，以及他們的工作能力，可以采取提高退休年齡的方法；也可作出政策調(diào)整，使養(yǎng)老金計劃更改。由此可知，如今老年人的壽命是越來越長的。因此C選項正確。

5.態(tài)度題。題干：作者對發(fā)言人的聲明持什么態(tài)度？關(guān)于發(fā)言人的生明出現(xiàn)在文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句，使用的語句是“itishearteningtohear振奮人心的”，可知作者對于聲明持積極態(tài)度。因此B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Mencommitmotoringoffencesaswomen,accordingtotheHomeOfficefigures.

問題1選項

A.ninetimesof

B.asninetimes

C.ninetimesthatof

D.ninetimeasmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法知識。對比選項可知本題考查倍數(shù)。與times相關(guān)的倍數(shù)表達方式為：AisNtimes(形容詞比較級)thanB。因此D選項符合題意。

4.單選題

TheUnitedNationsdeclaredlastFridaythatSomalia’sfamineisover.Buttheofficialdeclaration

meanslittletothemillionsofSomaliswhoarestillhungryandwaitingfortheircropstogrow.

KenMenkhaus,professorofpoliticalscienceatDavidsonCollege,saiditwasprofoundlydisappointingtobediscussinganotherSomalifamine,afterheworkedinthecountryduringthe1991-1992one.Eachfamine,hesaid,hasdistinctcharacteristics,andthisoneunfoldinslowmotionoverthepastcoupleofyears.That’satleastpartlybecausetheSomalidiasporasentmoneyhomethatdelayedtheworsteffects.

MenkhauswasamongfourexpertsonSomaliaandfaminewhospokeattheRadcliffeGymMondayeveningandgatheredfortheevent,“SoundtheHom:FamineintheHomofAfrica.”PaulFarmer,KolokotronesUniversityProfessorofGlobalHealthandSocialMedicine,drewonhisexperiencetreatingmalnourishedpeopleinHaiti，wherehehasworkedfordecade，andsaidthehumanandsocialcontextofhome,andaidtofamiliesshouldbepartofwearingthechild,hesaid.Similarly,broaderagriculturalinterventionsandfairtradepoliciesareneededtoboostlocalagriculturaleconomies.

Thoughfamineisoftenthoughtofasanaturaldisaster,Monday’sspeakerssaidthatisafalseimpression.ThoughSomaliasufferedthroughaseveredrought,withtoday’sinstantcommunications,transportsystemscanmovemassiveamountsoffood.Giventoday’sglobalfoodmarkets,famineistoooftenafailureoflocalgovernmentandinternationalresponse.

“Intoday’s21st-centuryworld,justabouteverythingaboutfamineisman-made.We’renolongerinaworldofmanagainstnature.”saidRobertPaarlberg,adjunctprofessorofpublicpolicyattheHarvardKennedySchool.

Ethiopia,whichwasalsoaffectedbytherecentdrought,faredmuchbetterthistimebecauseofreformsimplementedafterthe2001one.Likewise,Paarlbergsaid,northernandcentralSomalia,regionsthatfalloutsideoftheinfluenceoftheAl-Shabaabmilitia,alsofaredbetter.Therewereseveralman-madefeaturesofthisfamine,whichaffectedmorethan10millionpeopleandkilledbetween50,000and100,000,halfofthemchildrenunderage5.

Thelargestman-madefeaturewastheroleoftheAl-Shabaabmilitiathatrulestheregionandthatkeptfoodaidfromreachingthoseinneed.Buttheinternationalcommunityisn’tblameless.AsearlyasNovember2010,aninternationalfamineearlywarningsystemwaspredictingthefailureofrainsintheregion,buttheinternationalcommunitydidn’trespondfullyuntilanofficialfaminewasdeclaredinJuly2011.Ontopofthat,U.S.anti-terrorismlawscutofffoodaidbecauseAl-Shabaab,listedasaterroristgroup,wastakingsomeofit.

ThoughtheUnitedNationshasdeclaredthefamineover,thatwasbasedonstatisticalmeasures,suchasthenumberofpeopledyingeachdayandthenumberofchildrenwhoaremalnourished.Thoughtheofficialfaminemaybeover,bothU.N.officialsandMonday’sspeakerssaidthecrisiscontinuesforthepeopleofSomalia.Almostathirdofthepopulationremainsdependentonhumanitarianassistance,cropsgrowingfromrecentrainswilltakemonthstoreachmaturity,andherdsofcows,goats,andotheranimalsweregreatlyreducedduringthecrisis.

MichaelDelaney,directorofhumanitarianresponseforOxfamAmerica,warnedthattheworldwillhaveanotherchancetogetitsresponseright,becausethewarningsignsarepointingtoanimpendingfamineinAfrica’sSahel,thearid,continent-spanningtransitionzonejustbelowtheSaharaDesert.

1.ThecurrentSomalifamineisdifferentfromthe1991-1992oneinthat（）.

2.Intreatingthemalnourishedpatients,attentionshouldbepaidtothefollowingEXCEPT（）

3.Whatisimpliedby“We’renolongerinaworldofmanagainstnature”？

4.RegardingthecurrentfamineinSomalia,who’stoblamemost?

5.WhatproblemstillremainsfromthecurrentSomalifamine?

問題1選項

A.itreceivedlessinternationalaid

B.worsteffectscamemoreslowly

C.itcaughtmoreattentionfromtheworld

D.itlastedlongerdespitehelpfromtheUN

問題2選項

A.makingfairtradepolicies

B.aidingthepatients’families

C.ignoringtheindicationofpoverty

D.exercisingagriculturalinterventions

問題3選項

A.Naturaldisasteralonecannotexplainfamine.

B.Weliveinaworldofmanyman-madematters.

C.Theworldismadeupofconflictingsocialforces.

D.Humanbeingsfightwithoneanotherforbetterlife.

問題4選項

A.TheUnitedStates.

B.TheAl-Shabaabmilitia.

C.TheUnitedNationsFAO.

D.Theinternationalcommunity.

問題5選項

A.Thenumberofmalnourishedchildrenremainsunknown.

B.Halfofthepopulationremainsdependentonhumanitarianassistance.

C.Cropsgrowingfromrecentrainswerereapedbeforereachingmaturity.

D.Herdsofcows,goatsandotheranimalsweregreatlyreducedduringthefamine.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：索馬里這次饑荒與1991-1992年的饑荒不同是因為______。本文第二段提到了1991-1992的饑荒，最后一句中提到“……delayedtheworsteffects”，說明這次饑荒比之前那次的最壞的影響來得晚些。因此B選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)題。題干：在治療營養(yǎng)不良的病人時，應(yīng)注意以下幾點除了_____。本文第三段提到malnourishedpatients，后文中“…andaidtofamiliesshouldbepartofwearingthechild…broaderagriculturalinterventionsandfairtradepoliciesareneeded…”，對應(yīng)選項A、B、D。因此C選項符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題干：“我們不再處于一個人與自然作斗爭的世界”指的是什么？根據(jù)語句定位到文章第五段，前文中“Intoday’s21st-centuryworld,justabouteverythingaboutfamineisman-made”表明現(xiàn)在與饑荒有關(guān)的一切幾乎都是人為的，單純自然災(zāi)害這個因素不足以解釋饑荒，因此A選項符合題意。

.4判斷推理題。題干：關(guān)于索馬里目前的饑荒，誰是罪魁禍首？題干中的blame可對應(yīng)上第七段第二句的blameless，由此可定位。往前看到“thelargestfeature”可知最大的人為因素是青年黨民兵組織。因此B選項符合題意。

5.細節(jié)題。題干：索馬里目前的饑荒還遺留著什么問題？本文倒數(shù)第二段中提到，盡管聯(lián)合國宣告饑荒已結(jié)束，但問題還有很多。A選項中營養(yǎng)不良的孩子的數(shù)由官方統(tǒng)計而來；B選項halfthepopulation與文中athirdofthepopulation不符；C選項的werereapedbefore與原文的takesmonthstoreachmaturity不符。因此D選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadow______yourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.

問題1選項

A.through

B.cross

C.beneath

D.over

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。castapermanentshadowover…“給……投上陰影；使減弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以給你的生活一個陽光的性格?？茖W(xué)家們認為，冬季的生日可能會給你的幸福蒙上永久的陰影。因此選項D符合題意。

6.填空題

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded(1)______itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood(2)______,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers(3)______unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell(4)______morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe(5)______hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers(6)______wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe(7)______bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many(8)______bloggerssoonobjected—notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe(9)______rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept(10)______giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.with

2.will

3.of

4.for

5.company

6.who

7.affected/influenced

8.other

9.same

10.expensive

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。句意表示微軟公司最近出售的便攜電腦都裝載新開發(fā)的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)，表示裝載時，load與with搭配。

2.考查語義。根據(jù)句意，Thegifts體現(xiàn)了好意，也引起了爭論。因此填入will，goodwill表示“善意”。

3.考查固定搭配。本句說到有些博客職責微軟公司行賄，并列部分省略了“accusing”，表示還職責同行缺乏職業(yè)道德。表示職責時使用“accuseof”。

4.考查固定搭配。句中sell后面跟的是金額，說明賣了多少錢，此時使用固定搭配“sellfor”。

5.考查語義。句中缺少的是賓語從句的主語。綜合上下文，送出90臺電腦給博主們的就是微軟公司。此處只需填company即可。

6.考查語法知識。前半句“thecompanyhadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers”，后半句的謂語動詞“wroteabout”說明正是這些被送電腦的博客們寫了些東西。因此這里缺的是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，而這個詞要在從句中充當主語指代bloggers，應(yīng)填入who。

7.考查語法知識。本句說的是“其他可能會受新操作系統(tǒng)……的技術(shù)和對象”，根據(jù)語義可知應(yīng)填入“影響”。并且此處為被動語態(tài)，應(yīng)填入過去分詞形式，affected或influenced都可以。

8.試題分析：句中提到，有些博主不接受贈予是因為博主和傳統(tǒng)的記者一樣受到條款的制約，而不是他們不再列表式。前文提到接受贈予的額博主是在郵件列表上的，因此這些博主就用“other”修飾。

9.考查語義。這些博主與傳統(tǒng)的記者受到……的條款約束，此處應(yīng)表示‘’同樣的。并且“same…as…”表示“同樣”的意思。因此填入same。

10.考查語義。根據(jù)上文提到電腦的售價，可知此處表示“他們不能接受他們所報道的公司的昂貴禮物”。因此填入expensive。

7.單選題

Therearetoomanycomplaintsaboutsocietyhavingtomovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.

問題1選項

A.thathaveto

B.haveto

C.havingto

D.hasto

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識?？崭袂笆且粋€完整的therebe句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D兩個謂語動詞形式。如選擇A選項，無法確認先行詞會造成語意混亂，因此排除A選項。C選項的havingto是以現(xiàn)在分詞形式作為后置定語修飾前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨這個社會為了跟上機器而發(fā)展得太快。因此C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible，but，untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever)；“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks)；and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”？

4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause（）

5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問題1選項

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

問題2選項

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.

問題3選項

A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.

C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.

D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.

問題4選項

A.theyareasfatalascancer

B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”

C.peopledreadthemverymuch

D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife

問題5選項

A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.

B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.

C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.

D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，古埃及人_______。由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”，可知古埃及人已經(jīng)知道很多有不好的結(jié)果的腫瘤，對應(yīng)第四個選項，malignanttumors是指惡性腫瘤。因此D選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于過去的癌癥，下列哪一項陳述最能得到文章的支持？文章并沒提到古人是否活到容易患癌癥的年齡，排除A選項；第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”，說明過去人們不是不恐懼癌癥，而是這種恐懼并沒稱為焦點，排除B選項；最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被認為優(yōu)雅的是死于肺結(jié)核，排除C選項；最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”說明他們將癌癥歸因于心理和行為原因，因此D選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)推理題。題干：下面哪個選項是被稱為“現(xiàn)代病”的癌癥的原因？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句，上一句提到癌癥死亡令人恐懼，下一句就說RoyPorter將其說成是“最卓越的現(xiàn)代病，Mukherjee稱之為“現(xiàn)代最典型的產(chǎn)物”，說明人們對癌癥的理解改變了。因此C選項符合題意。

4.細節(jié)推理題。題干：提到“神經(jīng)衰弱”和糖尿病是因為_____。文中最后一句提到了關(guān)鍵詞“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”，文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence”，在此提到癌癥和神經(jīng)衰弱以及糖尿病的病因相似，因此也就是在說神經(jīng)衰弱和糖尿病都與心理壓力有關(guān)。因此D選項符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題干：如文章所述，作者最可能同意下列哪一種說法？由第一段第二句中“Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime”與全文，可知對于癌癥的護理管理是一直發(fā)展的，因此A選項符合題意。B和D選項是作者飲用的他人觀點，不不能代表作者自身。癌癥由之前的不是焦點到現(xiàn)在人人恐懼，身份自然有改變，C選項由此可排除。

9.單選題

Atfirst,movieswerelittlemorethanamusingthatappearedtomove.

問題1選項

A.novels

B.novelties

C.notices

D.novices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。novel“小說”；novelty“新奇的事物”；notice“通知”；novice“初學(xué)者”。句意：起初，電影只不過是似乎會移動的有趣的……。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

（）onlyonemovingsoulinthecenterofalltheorbitsthatisthesunwhichdrivestheplanetsthemorevigorouslytheclosertheplanetis.

問題1選項

A.Asexists

B.Althoughexisting

C.Thereexists

D.Whereexisting

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。C選項的thereexist是therebe句型的變形。需認清句中關(guān)系詞that的先行詞是onemovingsoul。因此C選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Bothversionsofthemyth一theWestasaplaceofescapefromsocietyandtheWestasastageonwhichthemoralconflictsconfrontingsocietycouldbeplayedout—figuredprominentlyinthehistoriesandessaysofyoungTheodoreRoosevelt，thepaintingsandsculpturesofartistFredericRemington,andtheshortstoriesandnovelsofwriterOwenWister.ThesethreeyoungmembersoftheeasternestablishmentspentmuchtimeintheWestinthe1880s,andeachwasintenselyaffectedbytheadventure.Allthreehadfeltthwartedbytheconstraintsandenervatinginfluenceofthegenteelurbanworldinwhichtheyhadgrownup,andeachwentWesttoexperiencethephysicalchallengesandmoralsimplicitiesextolledinthedimenovels.WhenRooseveltarrivedin1884attheranchhehadpurchasedintheDakotaBadlands,heatonceboughtaleatherscout’suniform,completewithfringedsleevesandleggings.

EachmanalsofoundintheWestpreciselywhathewaslookingfor.ThefrontierthatRooseveltglorifiedinsuchbooksasTheWinningoftheWest(fourvolumes,1889-1896),andthattheprolificRemingtonportrayedinhiswork,wasastarkphysicalandmoralenvironmentthatstrippedawayallsocialartificeandtestedanindividual’strueabilityandcharacter.DrawingonapopularversionofEnglishscientistCharlesDarwin’sevolutionarytheory,whichcharacterizedlifeasastruggleinwhichonlythefittestandhastsurvived,RooseveltandRemingtonexaltedthedisappearingfrontierasthelastoutpostofanhonestandtruesocialorder.

ThisversionofthefrontiermythreacheditsapogeeinOwenWister’senormouslypopularnovelTheVirginian(1902)，laterreincarnatedasa1929GaryCoopermovieanda1960stelevisionseries.InWister’staletheelemental,physicalandsocialenvironmentoftheGreatPlainsproducesindividualslikehisunnamedcowboyhero,“theVirginian”，anhonest,strong,andcompassionateman,quicktohelptheweakandfightthewicked.TheVirginianisoneofnature’saristocrats—ill-educatedandunsophisticatedbutuptight,steady,anddeeplymoral.TheVirginiansumsuphisownmoralcodeindescribinghisviewofGod’sjustice:“Heplaysasquaregamewithus.”ForWister,asforRooseveltandRemington,thecowboywastheChristianknightonthePlains,indifferenttomaterialgainasheheldvirtue,pursuedjustice,andattackedevil.

Needlesstosay,thewesternmythinallitsformswasfarremovedfromtheactualrealityoftheWest.CriticsdelightedinpointingoutthatnoonesceneinTheVirginianactuallyshowedthehardphysicallaborofthecattlerange.TheidealizedversionoftheWestalsoglossedoverthedarkerundersideoffrontierexpansion—thebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare,theforcedremovaloftheIndianstoreservations,theracistdiscriminationagainstMexican-Americansandblacks,therisksandperilsofcommercialagricultureandcattlegrowing,andtheboom-and-bustmentalityrootedintheselfishexploitationofnaturalresources.

1.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemainreasonfortheauthortomentionTheodoreRoosevelt,FredericRemingtonandOwenWister?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesTheVirginian？

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthemythoftheWestis

NOTtrue?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthepassageis（）

5.WhatisprobablythereasonforpeopletomakeupalegendaryWest?

問題1選項

A.Theyglorifiedthefrontierlife.

B.Theywereconstrainedbythegenteelurbanworld.

C.TheyspentmuchtimeintheWest.

D.Theywerefamousmembersoftheeasternestablishment.

問題2選項

A.ItisthebestWesternmovieevermadeinHollywood.

B.ItisapopularnovelwrittenbyOwnWisterandTheodoreRoosevelt.

C.Itgivesanaccuratedepictionofthefrontierexperience.

D.ItisoneofthemostsuccessfulbooksabouttheWest.

問題3選項

A.Inoneidealizedview,theWestwasaplaceonecanescapefromsocietyanditspressures.

B.Inoneversionofthemyth,westernfrontiersmanwasdepictedasafiguredeeplyimmersedinsocietyanditsconcerto.

C.Somewritersportrayedthewesternwildernessasasimpleandinnocentsociety.

D.TheextremehardshipofthefrontierlifeisonepowerfulthemeofthelegendaryWest.

問題4選項

A.toperpetuatethemythabouttheWest

B.tointroducethefamouswritersandpaintersoftheWest

C.todistinguishthemythoftheWestandtheactualreality

D.topresentthebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare

問題5選項

A.Theylikedtomakeupstories.

B.Theybelievedwhattheyportrayedweretheactualreality.

C.TheyclungtothemythoftheWestasanuncomplicated,untaintedEdenofsocialsimplicity,andmoralclarityinaneraofunsettlingsocialtransformation.

D.TheywantedtomakeprofitbyluringpeopletotheWest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：下面哪一個可能是作者提到TheodoreRoosevelt、FredericRemington和OwenWister的主要原因？由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第一句。文中提到，這三人都是傳揚西部神話的作家和藝術(shù)家，他們的作品都對西部進行了美化。因此A選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個陳述最能描述《弗吉尼亞人》？TheVirginian出現(xiàn)在第三段第一句。A選項的bestWesternmovie與原文“a1929…moive”不符合；文中沒有提到TheodoreRoosevelt與小說有關(guān)，所以排除B選項；C選項的thefrontierexperience與“thefrontiermyth”不符合，因此排除C選項。這本書成功塑造了西部神話，是最成功的關(guān)于西部的書之一，因此D選項符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，下列哪個關(guān)于西方神話的陳述是不正確的？選項A對應(yīng)本文第一段第一句“”；B選項對應(yīng)第三段第二句；C選項對應(yīng)第二段第二句；最后一段提到，《弗吉尼亞人》沒有提到theextremehardship，因此D是不對的。

4.主旨題。題干：作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是______。全文講述了西部神話的發(fā)展歷程和成功，也說到了西部神話和西部現(xiàn)實之間的區(qū)別。不是介紹著名西部作家和藝術(shù)家，因此排除B選項。文章只有最后提到了部分D選項的內(nèi)容，不能代表主旨。因此C選項符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題干：人們?yōu)槭裁匆M成一個傳奇的西部？文章第二段提到，人們在西部找到了自己正在追尋的事物。在混亂的社會轉(zhuǎn)型時代，西部被認為是純粹且未受污染的伊甸園。因此C選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Thecountry’sdeficitthatyeartoarecord169.8billiondollars.

問題1選項

A.soared

B.soured

C.sored

D.sourced

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。soar“飆升”；sour“發(fā)酵”；sore“弄傷”；source“尋求來源”。句意：這個國家的赤字……到1698億美元的記錄。因此A選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Inaculturelikeours,long（）allthingsasameansofcontrol,itissometimesabitofashocktoberemindedthatthemediumisthemessage.

問題1選項

A.accustomedtosplitanddivided

B.accustomedtosplittinganddividing

C.accustomedtosplitanddividing

D.accustomedtosplittinganddivided

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。對比四個選項，關(guān)鍵問題在于split和divide的形式變化。accustomtodoing是固定用法，后面的動詞均應(yīng)使用動詞-ing形式。因此B選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Ironically,theintellectualtoolscurrentlybeingusedbythepoliticalrighttosuchharmfuleffectoriginatedontheacademicleft.Inthe1960sand1970saphilosophicalmovementcalledpostmodernismdevelopedamonghumanitiesprofessors（1）beingdeposedbyscience,whichtheyregardedasright-leaning.Postmodernism（2）ideasfromculturalanthropologyandrelativitytheorytoarguethattruthis（3）andsubjecttot