2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)54

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orthepolicehaveplaced

B.orhavethepoliceplaced

C.northepolicehaveplaced

D.norhavethepoliceplaced

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝句用法。根據(jù)句意，前半句與后半句均表示否定含義，因此后半句用nor引導(dǎo)。nor后應(yīng)接倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Themostinterestingnewcarsmayowe()thesimplewisdomofhiringafewtalentedpeopleandallowingthemtowork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthan

B.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

C.tolesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

D.lesstolocalfree-spiritednessthanto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。oweto“歸功于”是固定搭配，與比較級(jí)less…than連用，應(yīng)為owelessto…thanto…。句意：最有趣的新車與其說(shuō)得益于當(dāng)?shù)氐淖杂删?，還不如說(shuō)是得益于一種簡(jiǎn)單的智慧，即雇傭幾個(gè)能人，并讓他們?yōu)橹ぷ鳌Ｒ虼薉選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？崭裉帪閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型，itwasnotunti+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that引導(dǎo)的完整句子。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

The（）manuscriptsarestillabletotellalotabouttheauthorwhocharmedtheworldwithhisworksseveralhundredyearsago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extended

B.intent

C.extant

D.distant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。extended“延伸的”；intent“專心的；堅(jiān)決的”；extant“現(xiàn)存的；顯著的”；distant“遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷漠的”。句意：這些……手稿仍然能夠告訴我們?cè)S多關(guān)于這位幾百年前用他的作品迷倒世界的作家的事情。由此可知“現(xiàn)存的手稿”更復(fù)合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

RetireeslookingtostretchtheirpensionsmightconsiderspendingtheirgoldenyearsinEcuador,PanamaorMexico,______costoflivingislowandtheweatheriswarm,accordingtoanewindex.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.where

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？崭袂笆且粋€(gè)完整的句子，因此逗號(hào)后需要一個(gè)關(guān)系詞修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞“Educator,PnamaorMexico”，后面的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主要成分，因此關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，只有C選項(xiàng)where符合要求。句意：一項(xiàng)新數(shù)據(jù)表明，希望延長(zhǎng)養(yǎng)老金的退休人員可能會(huì)考慮在厄瓜多爾、巴拿馬或墨西哥度過(guò)他們的黃金歲月，因?yàn)槟抢锏纳畛杀据^低，而且天氣溫暖。

6.單選題

Asthesilentfilm（）sound,sodidthesoundfilm（）color.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criedoutfor...criedoutfor

B.cryoutfor...cryoutfor

C.hadcriedoutfor...criedoutfor

D.hadcriedoutfor...cryoutfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。綜合選項(xiàng)，可看出后半句是部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因此第二空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，可排除A和C選項(xiàng)。前半句描述的事情發(fā)生在后半句之前，因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Sincenoonecould()hisscribbling,thechiefeditordecidedtoreplacehimwithanothercolumnist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.encode

B.decipher

C.clear

D.identify

【答案】B

8.單選題

Icouldn'tsleepbecausethetapinthebathroomwas______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.draining

B.dropping

C.spilling

D.dripping

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。drain“排水；流干”；drop“落下”；spill“溢出”；drip“使滴下；溢出”。句意：浴室的水龍頭一直在滴水，使我無(wú)法入睡。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

HowcanIeverconcentrateifyou______continually______mewithsillyquestions?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.have,interrupted

B.had,interrupted

C.are,interrupting

D.were,interrupted

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句中帶有continually時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)。句意：如果你不斷用這種無(wú)聊的問(wèn)題打擾我，我怎么能集中精力呢？因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Experimentalsciences,basedontheobservationoftheexternalworld,cannotaspiretocompleteness;thenatureofthings,andtheimperfectionofourorgans,______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arelikelyopposingit

B.areopposedtoitandthelike

C.arealikeopposedit

D.areopposingitlikewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。beopposedto“反對(duì)”是固定用法，andthelike“等等”。句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)是建立在對(duì)外部世界的觀察基礎(chǔ)上的，不能追求完備;事物的本質(zhì)和我們器官的缺陷等等都與之相違背。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Thereisaconspicuouslackofpublicdebateabouthowthisinsularcountryshould______therealitythatmoreimmigrantsarecomingandthatthosealreadyherearechangingJapan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abideby

B.accountfor

C.acton

D.adjustto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)abideby“遵守”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“解釋；對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”；C選項(xiàng)acton“對(duì)……起作用；按照……行事”；D選項(xiàng)adjustto“調(diào)整以適應(yīng)”。句意：對(duì)于這個(gè)與世隔絕的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)該如何_______移民越來(lái)越多涌入并且正在改變?nèi)毡具@一現(xiàn)實(shí)，明顯缺乏公開討論。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，accountfor“解釋；對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”搭配reality“現(xiàn)實(shí)”比較合理，意思是解釋為什么越來(lái)越多移民進(jìn)入日本并且改變?nèi)毡镜默F(xiàn)實(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Someeconomistsfretthatsharepricesaremovingfar______companiesearnings,toadegreescantyreminiscentofJapaninthelate1980sjustbeforeitscrash.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aheadof

B.backof

C.independentof

D.abreastof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。aheadof“在……之前”；backof“在……后面”；independentof“不受……支配的”；abreastof“保持與……并列”。句意：一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心，股價(jià)……公司盈利，這在一定程度上讓人想起上世紀(jì)80年代末日本股市崩盤前的情景。可知前半句應(yīng)表示“股票價(jià)格超過(guò)了公司盈利”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

MicrosoftfounderBillGateshas

(

)

aboutbeingaparent,statingthat13isanappropriateageforachild’sfirstcellphone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.openedup

B.takenup

C.putup

D.heldup

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。openup“坦誠(chéng)地說(shuō)，開辟，打開”；takeup“開始從事，占用”；putup“提供，提出，建造”；holdup“舉起”。句意：微軟創(chuàng)始人比爾?蓋茨坦言為人父母之道，表明13歲是孩子擁有第一部手機(jī)的合適年齡。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

（）sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostofthetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.For

C.While

D.Although

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯知識(shí)。前半句中“sermonsretainedtheirpreeminence”表示肯定意義，后半句提到“theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplaces”，可知語(yǔ)氣出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Therearetoomanycomplaintsaboutsocietyhavingtomovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thathaveto

B.haveto

C.havingto

D.hasto

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。空格前是一個(gè)完整的therebe句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。如選擇A選項(xiàng)，無(wú)法確認(rèn)先行詞會(huì)造成語(yǔ)意混亂，因此排除A選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)的havingto是以現(xiàn)在分詞形式作為后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨這個(gè)社會(huì)為了跟上機(jī)器而發(fā)展得太快。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

TheCollector’sEditioncoinis______,andrepresentsatruecollector’streasuretobeappreciatedforgenerationstocome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unlikelyanyElvisPresleycollectibleeverreleased

B.unlikely,andElvisPresleycollectibleneverreleased

C.unlikeanyElvisPresleycollectibleneverreleased

D.unlikeanyElvisPresleycollectibleeverreleased

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義。句意：此款收藏版硬幣，……，代表著一個(gè)真正的收藏家的珍品，其在未來(lái)將會(huì)升值。unlike“不同的；不相似的”；unlikely“不太可能的”，常出現(xiàn)于“itisunlikelythat”。由句意判斷，此枚硬幣價(jià)值極高，不同于貓王發(fā)行的其他收藏品。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者認(rèn)為，是什么加劇了全球變暖的嚴(yán)重性？文章手段提到了關(guān)鍵詞“全球變暖”，并指向美國(guó)政府的不作為會(huì)導(dǎo)致情況迅速惡化。因此答案出現(xiàn)在第二段“ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil”，出于經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治原因，美國(guó)政府選擇煤炭作為燃料。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：關(guān)于有效控制碳排放的障礙，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive”，說(shuō)明是政府政策上的模糊性使控制達(dá)不到預(yù)期效果。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者建議如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題？最后一段中，作者提到“ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded”，說(shuō)明作者建議美國(guó)政府為碳排放進(jìn)行定價(jià)，投資開發(fā)減少二氧化碳排放的科技。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

PrinceCharles,thelongest-waiting(

)tothethroneinBritishhistory,hasspokenofhis“impatience”togetthingsdone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heir

B.heirship

C.heritage

D.heiress

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。heir“【法】繼承人”;heirship“繼承權(quán)，繼承資格”；heritage“遺產(chǎn)，繼承物”；heiress“女繼承人”。句意：英國(guó)歷史上等待王位時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的王儲(chǔ)查爾斯日前表示，他“沒(méi)有耐心”把事情做好。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.單選題

Wehavebeenhearing______accountsofyourwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.favored

B.favorable

C.favorite

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。favored“有利的；收到優(yōu)待的”；favorable“有利的；贊許的”；favorite“最喜愛(ài)的”；favoring“順利的；有幫助的”。句意：我們一直在聽(tīng)……你工作的報(bào)道。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot()closeexamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwith

B.keepupwith

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。putupwith“忍受，容忍”；keepupwith“趕得上；和……保持聯(lián)系”；standupto“經(jīng)得起；抵抗”；lookupto“尊敬”。句意：雖然這些假鈔愚弄了許多人，但他們經(jīng)不起仔細(xì)檢查。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Beforeturningtowriting,Ispenteightyearsasalawyerabouthowlifewouldbewithaprominentfatherblazingmytrail.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasizing

B.fascinating

C.facilitating

D.finalizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。句中用的是spendtimedoing。fantasize“幻想；做白日夢(mèng)”；fascinate“使著迷；使神魂顛倒”；facilitate“促進(jìn)；幫助”；finalize“完成；使結(jié)束”。句意：從事寫作之前，我當(dāng)了八年律師，幻想著有位聲名顯赫的父親能夠指引我方向，想象那樣的生活是什么樣子的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

22.單選題

Heneverfeltthatbeingdisabled（）himofallmoralresponsibilitytohimselfandhiscommunity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.released

B.relieved

C.removed

D.relied

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。release“釋放；允許發(fā)表”；relieve“解除；減輕；使放心”；remove“移動(dòng)；開除”；rely“依靠，信賴”。句意：他從不認(rèn)為，變得殘疾……他所有對(duì)自己和社區(qū)的道德責(zé)任?？芍皽p輕”更合適，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

（）onlyonemovingsoulinthecenterofalltheorbitsthatisthesunwhichdrivestheplanetsthemorevigorouslytheclosertheplanetis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asexists

B.Althoughexisting

C.Thereexists

D.Whereexisting

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。C選項(xiàng)的thereexist是therebe句型的變形。需認(rèn)清句中關(guān)系詞that的先行詞是onemovingsoul。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

24.單選題

AconsiderablepartofFacebook’sappealstemsfromitsmiraculousfusionofdistancewithintimacy,ortheillusionofdistancewiththeillusionofintimacy.Ouronlinecommunitiesbecomeenginesofself-image,andself-imagebecomestheengineofcommunity.TherealdangerwithFacebookisnotthatitallowsustoisolateourselves,butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity,itthreatenstoaltertheverynatureofsolitude.ThenewisolationisnotofthekindthatAmericansonceidealized,thelonesomenessoftheproudlynonconformist,independent-minded,solitarystoic,orthatoftheastronautwhoblastsintonewworlds.Facebook’sisolationisagrind.What’strulystaggeringaboutFacebookusageisnotitsvolume—750millionphotographsuploadedoverasingleweekend—buttheconstancyoftheperformanceitdemands.Morethanhalfitsusers—andoneofevery13peopleonEarthisaFacebookuser—logoneveryday.Among18-to-34-year-olds,nearlyhalfcheckFacebookminutesafterwakingup,and28percentdosobeforegettingoutofbed.Therelentlessnessiswhatissonew,sopotentiallytransformative.Facebooknevertakesabreak.Wenevertakeabreak.Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning,beforeweevenpouracupofcoffee.

Nostalgiaforthegoodolddaysofdisconnectionwouldnotjustbepointless,itwouldbehypocriticalandungrateful.Buttheverymagicofthenewmachines,theefficiencyandelegancewithwhichtheyserveus,obscureswhatisn’tbeingserved:everythingthatmatters.WhatFacebookhasrevealedabouthumannature—andthisisnotaminorrevelation—isthataconnectionisnotthesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotalconnectionisnosalvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldoramoreliberatedversionofhumanity.Solitudeusedtobegoodforself-reflectionandself-reinvention.Butnowwearelefttalkingaboutwhoweareallthetime,withouteverreallythinkingaboutwhoweare.Facebookdeniesusapleasurewhoseprofunditywehadunderestimated:thechancetoforgetaboutourselvesforawhile,thechancetodisconnect.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthepowerofFacebookcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

2.hichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheundersideofFacebookissupportedbythe

informationcontainedinthispassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststates“thenewisolation”mentionedbytheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothecategoryof“everythingthatmatters”accordingtothepassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutFacebookdoestheauthorwantustodraw?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcreatestheisolationpeoplewant.

B.Itdeliversamorefriendlyworld.

C.Itproducesintimacypeoplelackintherealworld.

D.Itenablesustobesocialwhileavoidingthemessofhumaninteraction.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itimprisonspeopleinthebusinessofself-presentation.

B.Itcausessocialdisintegration.

C.Itmakespeoplevainer.

D.Itmakespeoplelonelier.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfullofthespiritofadventure.

B.Itistheextensionofindividualism.

C.Ithasatouchofnarcissism.

D.Itevolvesfromtheappetiteforindependence.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Constantconnection.

B.Instantcommunication.

C.Smoothsociability.

D.Ahumanbond.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itcreatesfriendship.

B.Itdeniesusthepleasureofsocializing.

C.Itopensanewworldforus.

D.Itdrawsusintoaparadox.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：從這篇文章中，我們可以推斷出以下哪個(gè)關(guān)于Facebook力量的陳述？根據(jù)第一段第三句“butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity”可知Facebook給予了人們想要的孤獨(dú)，同時(shí)又滿足了人們自戀的心理。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：以下哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于Facebook的負(fù)面陳述得到了這篇文章所包含信息的支持？根據(jù)第一段第三句“butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity”以及最后兩句“Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning”可知Facebook讓人們變得越來(lái)越虛榮，時(shí)刻想著去展示自己。原文中的vanity與選項(xiàng)C中的vanier是同根詞。因此選型C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者提到的“新孤立”，以下哪一種表述最好？由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“thenewisolation”定位到第一段第四句。前文中提到“…itthreatenstoaltertheverynatureofsolitude”，加上第一段最后兩句“Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning”，可知Facebook改變了孤獨(dú)的本質(zhì)，人們時(shí)時(shí)刻刻想著在Facebook上展現(xiàn)自我（自戀）。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)短文，下列哪一項(xiàng)屬于“每一樣重要的東西”范疇？由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“eveverythingthatmatters”定位到第二段第二句。由第二段第三句中“…isthatconnetionisnotthtesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotalconnectionisnosalvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldprmoreliberatedversionofhumanity”可知instantandtotalconnections與abond不同，是不太重要的東西。由此可推出ahumanbond是重要的東西。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于Facebook，作者希望我們得出以下哪一結(jié)論？根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Facebookdeniesusapleasurewhoseprofunditywehadunderestimated:thechancetoforgetaboutourselvesforawhile,thechancetodisconnect”，作者認(rèn)為Facebook奪走了我們的快樂(lè)，而我們低估了這種快樂(lè)的深?yuàn)W之處。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

25.單選題

ManyFineArtgraduatestake()professionalpracticeasartists,andthiscourseencouragesthemtoconsidertheirroleasartistsinthecommunitybyprovidingopportunitiesforshort-termplacementsoutsidetheFaculty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.up

C.out

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。takedown“記下”；takeup“開始從事”；takeout“取出”；takein“欺騙；吸收”。句意：許多美術(shù)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生把自己看作藝術(shù)家來(lái)進(jìn)行職業(yè)訓(xùn)練，本課程鼓勵(lì)他們考把自己當(dāng)做社會(huì)藝術(shù)工作者，為他們提供在學(xué)院之外的短期實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

26.單選題

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。題干：根據(jù)本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”說(shuō)明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小時(shí)的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小時(shí)的睡眠。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)第3段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，別人生病后就會(huì)意識(shí)到多睡一小時(shí)的好處，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么會(huì)有所謂的“睡眠癱瘓癥”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠癱瘓癥”發(fā)生在大腦從快速眼動(dòng)周期喚醒時(shí)，身體仍保持不動(dòng)狀態(tài)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)最后一段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大腦一天產(chǎn)生的記憶是脆弱的，需要睡眠幫忙鞏固記憶。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：睡眠不足對(duì)人的身心有什么影響？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

27.單選題

We（）admirehiscourageandself-confidence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbut

B.cannotonly

C.cannotbut

D.canonlybut

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。canbut“只能”；cannotonly“不能只”；cannotbut“不得不，禁不住”；canonlybut無(wú)此用法。句意：我們……佩服他的勇氣和自信。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

28.單選題

ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfelt（）inventionasathreattohiswayoflife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anyconcernwith

B.anyconcernabout

C.anyconcernin

D.anyconcernat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。concernaboutsth.orsb.是固定用法，因此只有選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

29.單選題

TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aslongas“只要”；themoment“一……就……”；sothat“所以，以便”；incase“萬(wàn)一，假使”。句意：歐洲議會(huì)禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”這兩個(gè)詞，以防它們冒犯女性議員。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

30.單選題

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。subsequently“隨后”；successively“相繼地”；predominantly“主要地；顯著地”；preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，該公司拒絕購(gòu)買設(shè)備，但這一決定……被修改了。根據(jù)句意選用“后來(lái)”更合適，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

31.單選題

Somereaders,especiallychildren,findhisworksamongthemost（）bookstheyeverread.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.captivating

B.captivated

C.capturable

D.captious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。captivating“迷人的，有魅力的”；captivated“迷住，迷惑”，是captivate的過(guò)去分詞形式；capturable“可捕獲的”；captious“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”。句意：一些讀者，尤其是孩子們，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的作品是他們讀過(guò)最……。此處需填入形容詞，根據(jù)句意，A選項(xiàng)符合。

32.單選題

ThehospitaldeniesthereisanyconnectionbetweenthedisciplinaryactionandDr.Reid's()abouthealthproblems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allegiance

B.alliance

C.allegations

D.alliteration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。allegiance“效忠；忠貞”；alliance“聯(lián)盟”；allegations“主張”；alliteration“頭韻”。句意：醫(yī)院否認(rèn)紀(jì)律處分和里德醫(yī)生關(guān)于健康問(wèn)題的主張有任何聯(lián)系。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

33.單選題

Today’srecyclerscannowconceivablylayclaimtoarich,bloody,brawnyheritage,ifanewVikingdiscoveryisanyindication.ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest.

An11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredinthecityofYorkislikelyevidenceofamakeshiftrecyclingcenter,whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle,accordingtohistorianCharlesJones,organizeroftheFulfordBattlefieldSociety,whichadvocatespreservingthebattlesiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

Jonesandhisteamhavefoundhundredsofpiecesofironwork—includingaxes,swordparts,andarrowheads——alongwithlumpsofmelted-downironandtheremainsofsmeltingpits.“Wefoundseveral‘smithinghearthbottoms’—theremainsofthemoltenmetalwhichdribblesdownduringthereprocessingoftheweaponryironwork,nhetoldtheYorkPress.“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace,”Jonessaid.TheartifactsarecurrentlyundergoingX-rayanalysisattheUniversityofYork.Theuniversity’sSorenSindbaeksaidthetestsshouldrevealwhetherthecorrodeditemswereforgedusingNorseironwork,whichinvolvedusingdistinctivealloysofsoftironandhardsteel.“TheVikingswereveryskillfulmetalworkers,”saidarchaeologistSindbaek.“Theirweaponryisfamousforthewayironistreated.Anymetalwasapreciousmaterialthatwouldberecycled，”hesaid.“Whoeverwonafightinthisperiodwouldcollectwhatwasleftonthebattlefield.”

ThoughheknowsofnootherbattlefieldexamplesofVikingrecycling，evidenceofreuseofmetalandothermaterialshasbeenfoundatotherVikingsites,Sindbaeksaid.RecentexcavationsinYork,whichwascapturedandsettledbytheScandinavianseafarersin866，forinstance,showthatVikingsrecycledboatsforbuildingmaterialforhousesandevensidewalks.

JonesbelievesVikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork.Thehistorian’steambelievestheVikingswereforcedtoabandontheirrecyclingworkfivedayslaterbyasecondEnglishattack,theBattleofStamfordBridge,ledbyEngland’sKingHaroldII.TheVikingleaderinthebattle,KingHaroldIIIofNorway,waskilledandhisforcesrouted.TheEnglishkinglosthisownlifethefollowingmonth,whenhiswar-wearytroopsweredefeatedattheBattle