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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterests,fromsendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.JustasthereareopportunitiesforVoluntaryServiceOverseas(VSO)foryoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment,(1)thereareopportunitiesforoverseasserviceforqualifiedtechniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,(2)thosewhoretireearly,offertheirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries(3)thereisaspecialneed.

Soinconsideringvoluntaryorpaidcommunityservice,therearemoreopportunitiesthanthere(4)werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-timestaff,anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizations,andvaluesmaybedifferent.Insomewaystheymayseemmore(5)andlessefficient,butoneshouldnotjudgethembycommercial(6).Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferentobjectives,bothpersonalandorganizational.Oneshouldnotjointhem(7)toarmthemwithprofessionalexpertise;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothecause,notbusiness(8)Becausesalariesaresmallornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpenses.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor(9),simplybecausetheyenjoythework.

Manycommunityactivitiespossibleinretirementwerealsopossibleduringone'sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertakennolessseriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider(10)communityservice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.so

C.then

D.that

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.passionately

B.partially

C.particularly

D.peculiarly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.as

D.that

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ever

B.before

C.never

D.lately

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.casual

B.forma

C.active

D.usual

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.norm

C.criteria

D.perspective

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.expecting

B.toexpect

C.beingexpected

D.expected

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.effect

B.sufficiency

C.deficiency

D.efficiency

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.free

B.freedom

C.health

D.salary

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

【解析】1.本題考查連詞的用法。本句意為:“正如年輕人在參加全職工作前有機(jī)會(huì)參加海外志愿服務(wù)一樣,發(fā)展中國(guó)家的合格技術(shù)人員也有機(jī)會(huì)參加海外服務(wù)。”justas…so”意為……也,因此,B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.本題考查副詞的用法。根據(jù)句意,“一些人,尤其是那些退休早的人”,空格所在句子的前后均是逗號(hào),并且緊跟在主語的后面,因此后面的應(yīng)該加上表示更進(jìn)一步的副詞,A選項(xiàng)passionately“熱情地,強(qiáng)烈地”,B選項(xiàng)partially“部分地,偏袒地”,C選項(xiàng)particularly“特別地,尤其地”,D選項(xiàng)peculiarly“特殊地,奇怪地”,因此,C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.本題考查關(guān)系副詞的用法。countries,表示地點(diǎn),where用于表示地點(diǎn),放在地點(diǎn)之后,意為“在那;該處”,句意:在有特殊需要的國(guó)家提供他們的技術(shù)和商業(yè)技能。根據(jù)空格前的countries,可知此處缺少一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的副詞,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句,因此,B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.本題考查副詞辨析。此處是一個(gè)morethan的比較結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在和以前做比較,因此此句缺少的是一個(gè)表示過去狀況的時(shí)間副詞。A選項(xiàng)ever“曾經(jīng)”,B選項(xiàng)before“以前”,C選項(xiàng)never“決不“,D選項(xiàng)lately“近來”,before作副詞需要放在動(dòng)詞后,lately和never都不符合與過去時(shí)態(tài)之間的邏輯關(guān)系,本句意為“所以在考慮義務(wù)或付費(fèi)的社區(qū)服務(wù)時(shí),現(xiàn)在比一個(gè)人剛開始工作時(shí)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)?!?/p>

5.本題考查形容詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)casual“隨便的,疏忽的”,B選項(xiàng)forma“植物型,變型”,C選項(xiàng)active“忙碌的,活躍的”,D選項(xiàng)usual“通常的,慣例的”,此空的后面有個(gè)lessefficient,并列成分,因此應(yīng)該是morecasual,來表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思,與之相對(duì)應(yīng),句意:在某些方面,他們可能看起來更隨意,效率更低。因此,A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.本題考查名詞用法。根據(jù)judge可以得出,后面應(yīng)該是有一個(gè)評(píng)判的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),才可以去根據(jù)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出判斷,A選項(xiàng)value“價(jià)值,益處”,B選項(xiàng)norm“準(zhǔn)則,慣例”,C選項(xiàng)criteria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,D選項(xiàng)perspective“態(tài)度,觀點(diǎn)”,因此,C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

7.本題考查動(dòng)詞+ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。此句中them和they指代的都是志愿者組織的全職員工,jointhem后面所跟的部分為伴隨狀語,故應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此,A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.本題考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)effect“影響,結(jié)果,效應(yīng)”,B選項(xiàng)sufficiency“足量,充足”,C選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺點(diǎn),缺陷”,D選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率,功效”,該空前面一句話說的是人們不應(yīng)該加入他們——指望用專業(yè)知識(shí)武裝他們;之后有提到必須結(jié)合對(duì)事業(yè)的承諾,而不是什么,那么也就是前文所提到的用專業(yè)知識(shí)所獲取的商業(yè)的效率。因此,D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.本題考查詞匯的固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)free“自由的,免費(fèi)的”,B選項(xiàng)freedom“自由”,C選項(xiàng)health“健康”,D選項(xiàng)salary“薪資”,由上下文可知,他們選擇做這項(xiàng)工作只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g,因此可以推斷他們不要求報(bào)酬,無償參加社區(qū)服務(wù)的工作,forfree表示“無償?shù)摹?。因此,A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

10.本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。consider要求后面動(dòng)詞用ing形式,作賓語。句意:那些只是想在退休之后尋找一些新鮮事情做的人并不應(yīng)該考慮做社區(qū)服務(wù)。因此,C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanyculturewill()totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.confine

C.confirm

D.confront

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“conform”,意為“相符合”,B選項(xiàng)“confine”,意為“監(jiān)禁,限制”,C選項(xiàng)“confirm”,意為“證明,確認(rèn)”,D選項(xiàng)“confront”,意為“面對(duì),遭遇”。句意:任何文化中的大多數(shù)人都會(huì)和該文化的既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保持一致。A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Thereisgrowing()amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“共識(shí),一致”,B選項(xiàng)concession“讓步,妥協(xié)”,C選項(xiàng)conception“構(gòu)想,懷孕”,D選項(xiàng)contention“爭(zhēng)論,觀點(diǎn)”。句意:生態(tài)學(xué)家們?cè)絹碓揭恢抡J(rèn)為,僅靠保護(hù)區(qū)是不能充分保護(hù)生物多樣性的。因此,A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Intoday’scompetitivejobmarket,people,especiallyyoungmenarerequiredtobeaggressiveandindustrious.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invasive

B.belligerent

C.progressive

D.enterprising

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)invasive“侵入的”;B選項(xiàng)belligerent“好戰(zhàn)的”;C選項(xiàng)progressive“進(jìn)步的”;D選項(xiàng)enterprising“有進(jìn)取心的”。句意:在當(dāng)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上,人們,尤其是年輕人需要有進(jìn)取心和勤奮。劃線部分aggressive是有進(jìn)取心的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

ResearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisdeterminedthatthe()ofafathercanhelpimproveachild’sgrades.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvement

B.communication

C.interaction

D.association

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)involvement“涉及”;B選項(xiàng)communication“交流”;C選項(xiàng)interaction“交互”;D選項(xiàng)association“協(xié)會(huì)”。句意:易里若斯大學(xué)的研究者們確定父親的介入有助于孩子提高成績(jī)。本句表示父親的介入,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds()hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意:教授很難找到充分的理由來支撐自己支持新理論的論據(jù)。由此可知,要把hisargument建立在grounds的基礎(chǔ)上,即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”,變成定語從句需要將介詞on提到關(guān)系代詞which的前面,即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyeattheUniversityofNottingham,recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy”orothergreatbooks.

Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,andKeithOatley,aprofessorofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,reportedinstudiespublishedin2006and2009thatindividualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鳴)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.Thislinkpersistedevenaftertheresearchersfactoredinthepossibilitythatmoreempatheticindividualsmightchoosetoreadmorenovels.

Recentresearchincognitivescience,psychologyandneurosciencehasdemonstratedthatdeepreadingofbooksisadistinctiveexperience,verydifferentfromtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWeb.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducivetothedeepreadingexperience.Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.

Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity,bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandevenincreasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.

Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeoplearecomingtoknowit.Theirreading,mostlydoneonscreen,ispragmaticandinstrumental.Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.Insteadmoldingoureducationaroundyoungpeople’sattachmenttodigitaldevicesandonscreenhabits,weneedtoshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeento,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethemto.

1.Prof,GregoryCurriearguesthat().

2.ThestudiesofRaymondMarandKeithOatleyshowthat().

3.Deepreadingofpaperbookscomparedwithreadingontheweb().

4.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.literaturedoesn'tshowpeople’smoralorsocialstandards

B.onlygoodliteratureshowspeople’smoralandsocialvalues

C.readingfictionwon'timprovepeoplemorallyorsocially

D.onlyreadinggreatbooksbenefitspeoplemorallyandsocially

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.empatheticpeoplearemorelikelytoreadnovelsoften

B.empatheticpeoplehaveabetterperspectiveontheworld

C.readingfictionencouragespeopletobemorepersistent

D.readingfictionhelpspeopleunderstandothersbetter

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.requiresreaderstodomorecarefulthinking

B.enablesreaderstostayabsorbedinthestory

C.givesreadersmanylinkstoothermaterials

D.allowsreaderstochoosetheirfuturereading

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.supportsuseofdigitaldevicesinclassroom

B.prefersreadingonscreentoreadingpaperbooks

C.takesapositiveapproachtoeducationreforms

D.holdsanegativeattitudetowardreadingonscreen

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章首段,“recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy"orothergreatbooks.”最近在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上提出,我們不應(yīng)該聲稱文學(xué)提高了我們作為人的水平,因?yàn)闆]有“令人信服的證據(jù)表明,閱讀托爾斯泰或其他偉大著作的人在道德上或社會(huì)上更優(yōu)秀”。A選項(xiàng)“文學(xué)不能體現(xiàn)出人們的道德和社會(huì)水平”,B選項(xiàng)“只有好的文學(xué)可以體現(xiàn)人們的道德和社會(huì)水平”,C選項(xiàng)“閱讀小說不會(huì)提高人們的道德或社會(huì)地位”,D選項(xiàng)“只有讀偉大的書籍,才能使人在道德和社會(huì)上受益”。因此,C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段的第二句話“individualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鳴)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.”人經(jīng)常讀小說似乎能更好地理解他人,與他們起共鳴,從他們的角度看待這個(gè)世界。A選項(xiàng)“具有同理心的人更有可能經(jīng)常閱讀小說”,B選項(xiàng)“有同理心的人對(duì)世界有更好的看法”,C選項(xiàng)“讀小說能使人更有毅力”,D選項(xiàng)“讀小說可以幫助人們更好地理解別人”。因此,D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段,“Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.”一本書沒有超鏈接,讀者可以完全沉浸在敘述中,而不必決定是否點(diǎn)擊鏈接。A選項(xiàng)“要求讀者做更細(xì)致的思考”,B選項(xiàng)“使讀者在故事中保持專注”,C選項(xiàng)“給讀者提供許多其他材料的鏈接”,D選項(xiàng)“允許讀者選擇未來的讀物”。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段,“Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.”如果我們?cè)试S我們的孩子相信在屏幕上閱讀就是一切,我們就剝奪了他們一種愉快而有啟發(fā)性的體驗(yàn),而這種體驗(yàn)可以擴(kuò)大他們的知識(shí)面。A選項(xiàng)“支持在課堂上使用數(shù)字設(shè)備”,B選項(xiàng)“比起紙質(zhì)書,作者更喜歡看屏幕”,C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)教育改革采取積極的態(tài)度”,D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)屏幕閱讀持消極態(tài)度的人”。因此,D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheybelievethiskindof()groupingisadvisable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.instantaneous

C.spontaneous

D.anonymous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)homogeneous“同性質(zhì)的”;B選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”;C選項(xiàng)spontaneous“無意識(shí)的”;D選項(xiàng)anonymous“匿名的”。句意:有些教育工作者試圖把能力相似的學(xué)生分到同一個(gè)班級(jí),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種同質(zhì)的分組是可取的。本句表示把能力相似的學(xué)生分到一個(gè)班是一種同質(zhì)性的分組。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin()populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundantly“豐富地,大量地”;B選項(xiàng)intensely“強(qiáng)烈地”;C選項(xiàng)densely“濃密地,密集地”;D選項(xiàng)intensively“集中地,廣泛地”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞“than”可知,前后形成對(duì)比。句意:住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.單選題

Manyyoungpeopleinvolvedinforcedmarriageshavetofacea(),thatis,theylovetheirparentsbuttheyalsowanttopursuetruelove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemma

B.confrontation

C.doctrine

D.conflict

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難”,B選項(xiàng)confrontation“爭(zhēng)執(zhí),對(duì)抗”,C選項(xiàng)doctrine“教義,學(xué)說,信條”,D選項(xiàng)conflict“爭(zhēng)執(zhí),分歧”,句意:許多卷入逼婚的年輕人不得不面對(duì)一個(gè)兩難的境地,即他們愛父母,但也想追求真愛。因此,A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

A:Lee,haveyouseenthatnewvampiremovieeveryone’stalkingabout?

B:No,Ihaven’t,I()horrorfilms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loathe

B.discard

C.resolve

D.contest

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)loathe“討厭”;B選項(xiàng)discard“拋棄”;C選項(xiàng)resolve“決定”;D選項(xiàng)contest“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。句意:A:李,你看過人人都在談?wù)摰哪遣孔钚碌奈黼娪傲藛?B:我沒看過,我討厭恐怖片。本句表示討厭恐怖片。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theideathatboysandgirlshavedifferentlearningstylesseemstobelosingground,buttherearestillmany()supportersofsingle-sexeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compulsory

B.pervasive

C.critical

D.passionate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的,強(qiáng)制的”,B選項(xiàng)pervasive“遍布的,普遍的”,C選項(xiàng)critical“批判性的,關(guān)鍵的”,D選項(xiàng)passionate“狂熱的,熱情的”,句意:認(rèn)為男孩和女孩有不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式的觀點(diǎn)似乎正在失勢(shì),但仍有許多普遍支持男女分校教育的人。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.單選題

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.

InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.

Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.

Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.

Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween().

2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?

3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT().

4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia()decideshowpeopleeat.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhoeattogether

B.thekindsoffoodserved

C.familymembersandguests

D.snacksandhamburgers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheEnglish.

B.Americansontheirfirstdate.

C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.

D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetypeoffood

B.socialrelations

C.maritalstatus

D.familyties

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pollution

B.food

C.culture

D.socialstatus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.

B.Cultureandmannersofeating.

C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.

D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是:英國(guó)人將什么進(jìn)行了明確的區(qū)分?根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.(對(duì)英國(guó)人來說,食物的種類和供應(yīng)的食物與一起吃飯的人們之間的社會(huì)聯(lián)系有關(guān)。)再根據(jù)后面的舉例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.(食物的種類象征著客人的類別以及和誰一起吃。)由此可知,英國(guó)人對(duì)于供應(yīng)食物的種類做了明確的區(qū)分,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是:哪些人不會(huì)在一起吃飯?原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.(在一些新幾內(nèi)亞社會(huì),小家庭通常是不會(huì)一起吃飯的。)后面進(jìn)行了舉例,男性通常和他們的妻子孩子分開吃飯。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.(這種模式在近東社會(huì)中也很普遍。)由此可知,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是:下面哪一個(gè)不是一起吃飯所表明的信息?根據(jù)原文的內(nèi)容可知,第一段提到了社會(huì)關(guān)系,第二段提到了家庭關(guān)系,第三段提到了婚姻關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)B、C、D均正確,只有選項(xiàng)A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情,所以本題選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是:最后一段表明,印度的什么決定了人們?cè)趺闯裕扛鶕?jù)最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.(食物禁忌和等級(jí)之間也有聯(lián)系,這在印度的種姓制度中表現(xiàn)得最為極端。)由此可知,印度的社會(huì)地位決定了人們?cè)趺闯?。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.主旨大意題。原文第一段的第一、二句為本文的主題句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.(文化規(guī)則決定了食物消費(fèi)的方方面面。誰在一起吃飯定義了社會(huì)群體。)由此可知,本文主要是講食物和社會(huì)群體的關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

14.單選題

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookstore,willgiveyou()youneed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。information是不可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式后面不能加s,所以B、D錯(cuò)誤。allof后面接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),名詞前必須要有定冠詞the,所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)alltheinformation正確。

15.單選題

Thischildwassoobstinatethatherefusedtoadmittohismistakes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsessive

B.furious

C.stubborn

D.rebellious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)obsessive“強(qiáng)迫性的”;B選項(xiàng)furious“狂怒的”;C選項(xiàng)stubborn“頑固的”;D選項(xiàng)rebellious“叛逆的”。句意:這孩子太固執(zhí)了,拒不承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。劃線部分obstinate是固執(zhí)的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸銨),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause().

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat().

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof().

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!(然而,坐飛機(jī)和在化工行業(yè)工作相比怎么樣呢?不幸的是,前者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是后者的55倍?。?,說明在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全。因此D選項(xiàng)“在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全?!闭_。A選項(xiàng)“在辦公室工作比待在家里更安全”,B選項(xiàng)“乘公共交通工具去上班比在辦公室工作更安全”,由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在辦公室工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是相同的,沒有誰比誰更安全,所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome(化工行業(yè)工人的事故率比幾乎任何人類活動(dòng)都要低,幾乎和待在家里一樣安全),說明化工行業(yè)和待在家里一樣安全,所以C選項(xiàng)“待在家里比在化工行業(yè)工作更安全”錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.(化工行業(yè)的問題是,一旦出現(xiàn)問題,往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致附近居民死亡。這也使得化學(xué)事故具有新聞價(jià)值。),說明新聞報(bào)道化學(xué)事故是因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)導(dǎo)致人員死亡。因此B選項(xiàng)“它們經(jīng)常造成生命損失”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們非常罕見”,C選項(xiàng)“它們總是發(fā)生在大城市”和D選項(xiàng)“它們引起了所有讀者的興趣”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.(弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的,因?yàn)樗麄兠爸L(fēng)險(xiǎn)在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。),說明由管理失誤造成的化學(xué)事故發(fā)生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B選項(xiàng)“弗利克斯伯勒”正確。A選項(xiàng)“得克薩斯城”,C選項(xiàng)“塞維索”和D選項(xiàng)“墨西哥城”的事故不是因?yàn)楣芾硎д`造成的,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.(因此,得克薩斯城的爆炸是由數(shù)噸硝酸銨引起的,大量?jī)?chǔ)存硝酸銨是不安全的。),說明硝酸銨不能大量?jī)?chǔ)存,另外文章第三段第四句TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.(得克薩斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。)說明造成得克薩斯城爆炸事故的硝酸銨是一種肥料。因此B選項(xiàng)“不能大量?jī)?chǔ)存的化學(xué)肥料”正確。A選項(xiàng)“天然氣,很容易著火”是墨西哥城火災(zāi)事故的原因,C選項(xiàng)“有毒物質(zhì),不能在人滿為患地區(qū)使用”,由文章可知塞維索的事故是毒氣造成的,D選項(xiàng)“燃料,它被儲(chǔ)存在大的油箱里”在文中沒有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.(弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的,因?yàn)樗麄兠爸L(fēng)險(xiǎn)在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。),說明維修設(shè)備很重要,不能冒著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在維修設(shè)備時(shí)繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)“為了避免事故,我們不應(yīng)該維修化工設(shè)施”錯(cuò)誤。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ocalauthorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.(塞維索事故表明,如果地方當(dāng)局對(duì)其家門口的危險(xiǎn)缺乏了解,將會(huì)發(fā)生什么。當(dāng)毒氣飄過城鎮(zhèn)上空時(shí),當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)無法采取有效行動(dòng)。),說明地方當(dāng)局需要了解當(dāng)?shù)鼗どa(chǎn)的情況。因此B選項(xiàng)“地方當(dāng)局不應(yīng)關(guān)心化學(xué)工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.(大火引起儲(chǔ)存罐爆炸的連鎖反應(yīng)。),說明儲(chǔ)存罐里的天然氣也會(huì)發(fā)生氣體爆炸的事故。因此D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)存在大型儲(chǔ)罐中的天然氣總是安全的”錯(cuò)誤。第四段列舉了各種原因引發(fā)的事故,同時(shí)也相對(duì)應(yīng)采取的措施,因此C選項(xiàng)“如果采取有效措施,所有這些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正確。

17.單選題

Thereisastandardmethod()officersareselectedforpromotion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whereby

B.that

C.where

D.whereas

【答案】B

【解析】考查從句。A選項(xiàng)whereby“憑此,借以,由于”,B選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”,C選項(xiàng)where“哪里”,D選項(xiàng)whereas“然而,盡管”。句意:選拔軍官晉升有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.單選題

Theroleofaprofessional()istohelptwopartiessolveconflictorappeasedisputethroughskillfuluseoflanguage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.senator

B.supervisor

C.negotiator

D.mediator

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)senator“參議員”,B選項(xiàng)supervisor“監(jiān)督人,指導(dǎo)者”,C選項(xiàng)negotiator“談判人,協(xié)商者”,D選項(xiàng)mediator“調(diào)停者”,句意:專業(yè)談判者的作用是通過熟練運(yùn)用語言來幫助雙方解決沖突或平息爭(zhēng)端。因此,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

The()pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)main“主要的,最大的”,B選項(xiàng)controversial“引起爭(zhēng)論的,有爭(zhēng)議的”,C選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的,個(gè)人的”,D選項(xiàng)neutral“中立的,中性的”,中立的觀點(diǎn)代表了支持者和反對(duì)者都能認(rèn)同的觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)。因此,D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

20.單選題

Themachineneedsacomplete()sinceithasbeeninuseforovertenyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amending

B.fitting

C.mending

D.renovating

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amending(amend的現(xiàn)在分詞形式)“修改”;B選項(xiàng)fitting“配件,安裝”;C選項(xiàng)mending“修補(bǔ)”;D選項(xiàng)renovating“更新,修補(bǔ)”。根據(jù)句意可知,這個(gè)機(jī)器用了十幾年,應(yīng)該是需要修理,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B;C選項(xiàng)mending多指修理機(jī)器,D選項(xiàng)多指翻新房屋建筑等,所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

21.單選題

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,()theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。句意:我們使用的Church這個(gè)詞指的是所有的宗教機(jī)構(gòu),無論是基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教、猶太教等等。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,前半句中出現(xiàn)了as,其謂語動(dòng)詞多用be的原形,引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句,并且需要倒裝,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

22.翻譯題

Idon’trecallFrenchcivilizationfeelingsoimportantinmylifetime.Therewillbeuglyargumentsoverthecomingweeks,oncethefirstshockpasses,overwhowasresponsible,howthisdisasterhappened,whatnegligencewasinvolved.Butinthosesilent,reverent,hymn-singingcrowdsonthestreetsofParis,IalsosawthepossibilityofaFrenchcoming-togetherinthedeterminationtorebuildnotonlytheNotre-Damecathedral,butalsoanationshakenbytheviolenceoftheYellowVestmovementandthesocialdivisionsitreflects.ThestoryofNotre-Dameisastoryofenduranceandrebirth.

【答案】在我的一生中,法國(guó)文明從未有過如此重要的感覺。在接下來的幾周內(nèi),一旦第一波沖擊過去,誰應(yīng)該對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé),這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難是如何發(fā)生的,哪些過失牽涉其中,將會(huì)有令人不快的爭(zhēng)論。但在那些沉默的,虔誠(chéng)的,只需人群在巴黎街頭,我也看到了一個(gè)法國(guó)相遇了的可能性的決心重建不僅圣母院大教堂,也是一個(gè)國(guó)家遭受的暴力黃色背心運(yùn)動(dòng)和社會(huì)部門反映。巴黎圣母院的故事是一個(gè)關(guān)于忍耐和重生的故事。

23.單選題

Withprice()somuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrating

B.waving

C.swinging

D.fluctuating

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrate“震動(dòng),顫動(dòng)”;B選項(xiàng)wave“揮舞,飄揚(yáng)”;C選項(xiàng)swing“搖擺”;D選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng),起伏”。根據(jù)句意:由于價(jià)格波動(dòng)很大,公司很難制定出預(yù)算。表示價(jià)格的起伏波動(dòng)應(yīng)該用fluctuate,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

24.單選題

Iwaiteduntilhehad()beforeItoldhimIwasleavingandheadedforthefrontdoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.handeddown

B.calmeddown

C.turneddown

D.trackeddown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)handeddown“把...傳給,流傳下來”,B選項(xiàng)calmeddown“冷靜,平靜”,C選項(xiàng)turneddown“拒絕,調(diào)低”,D選項(xiàng)trackeddown“追捕,查出”,句意:我一直等到他平靜下來,才告訴他我要離開并朝前門走去。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

25.翻譯題

Infact,therobotsthataredoingthemostforyouandme—theindustrialrobots—

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