2022年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號25

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;it（）sixhours.

問題1選項

A.ended

B.finished

C.was

D.lasted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我們做過的最大的實驗。此實驗持續(xù)6小時。結(jié)合此處語境，D為正確答案。

2.單選題

The（）oftheapartmenttohisofficewasanadvantageonrainydays.

問題1選項

A.vicinity

B.neighborhood

C.surroundings

D.confines

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:vicinity“附近，鄰近；附近地區(qū)”；B:neighborhood“地區(qū)；某地區(qū)的人”；C:surroundings“（周圍的）環(huán)境［事物］；環(huán)境”；D:confines“境界；限度；范圍”。句意：這公寓離他的辦公室很近，在雨天時是一大優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)語境可知A為正確答案。

3.單選題

Thiscountry'sdevelopmentofsciencewasgreatlyunderminedforlargenumbersofscientific（）wereejectedfromtheirmotherlandsincethedictatorcameintopower.

問題1選項

A.galaxy

B.elite

C.personnel

D.swarm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:galaxy“銀河”；B:elite“精英”；C:personnel“全體人員”；D:swarm“一大群”。句意：這個國家的科學(xué)發(fā)展受到嚴(yán)重破壞，因為自從獨裁者掌握政權(quán)，大量的科學(xué)精英就離開了故鄉(xiāng)。由句意可知B為正確答案。

4.單選題

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

問題2選項

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

問題3選項

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

問題4選項

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

問題5選項

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻譯為：1962年2月，一篇發(fā)表在《科學(xué)美國人》雜志上的文章報道了一組經(jīng)典的實驗，以確定過量種群對老鼠群落的影響。結(jié)合后文，可以得知B選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻譯為“然后，他通過移除那些不依賴母親的后代來穩(wěn)定人口?！币虼薆為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由B項可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩和他的同事能夠得出結(jié)論，過度擁擠會導(dǎo)致老鼠之間正常的社會關(guān)系破裂，這是一種社會疾病。則排除B選項；由C選項可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻譯為：實驗中的老鼠沒有與生活在不過度擁擠環(huán)境的老鼠一樣遵循同樣的行為模式。則排除C選項；由D項可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩從經(jīng)驗中得知……，則排除D選項；可以得知A選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由B項可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻譯為：母親們有時會拋棄他們的幼崽……則排除B選項；由C選項可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻譯為：他們表現(xiàn)出異常的母性行為。則排除C選項；由D項可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻譯為：在正常情況下，一只老鼠媽媽不會讓她的幼崽獨自死去。則排除D選項；因此A項“所有雄性大鼠均表現(xiàn)出病態(tài)行為”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)B項“主導(dǎo)性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一樣嚴(yán)重地受到過度擁擠的影響”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻譯為：在大鼠種群中，主導(dǎo)性的雄性種群受到的影響最小。故選B。

5.單選題

Hisuseofcolor,lightandformquicklydepartedfromtheconventionalstyleofhis（）ashedevelopedhisowntechnique.

問題1選項

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.successors

D.ancestors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A:descendant“后代”；B:predecessor“前輩”；C:successor“繼任者，繼承人”；D:ancestor“祖先”。句意：隨著他發(fā)展自己的技術(shù)，他對顏色、光線和形式的使用迅速地背離了他前輩的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

6.單選題

Atthedrugstore,thepharmacistrefusedtogivemeanymedicinebecauseshecouldnotread（）.

問題1選項

A.description

B.prescription

C.inscription

D.subscription

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:description“描繪，描述”；B:prescription“處方（醫(yī)生開出的）”；C:inscription“鑄幣上的刻印文字，銘文，碑文”；D:subscription“統(tǒng)一，贊成，訂閱”。句意：在藥房，醫(yī)師拒絕賣給我任何的藥物，因為她無法辨認(rèn)醫(yī)生的處方。由句意可知B為正確答案。

7.單選題

Manynew（）willbeopenedupinthefutureforthosewithauniversityeducation.

問題1選項

A.opportunities

B.necessities

C.realities

D.probabilities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析A:opportunities“機(jī)會”；B:necessities“必要性”；C:realities“現(xiàn)實”；D:probabilities“可能性”。句意：今后，許多新的機(jī)會將為受過大學(xué)教育的人打開。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

8.單選題

Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewayto（）.

問題1選項

A.theother

B.anyother

C.another

D.other

【答案】A

【解析】考查代詞。由關(guān)鍵詞neitherside可以推斷出有兩方。A:theother“其中的另一個”。句意：討論中，雙方未達(dá)成協(xié)議，因為雙方都不愿意讓步。因此A符合題意。

9.單選題

Mr.Smithhadanunusual（

）:hewasfirstanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedupasaschoolteacher.

問題1選項

A.profession

B.occupation

C.position

D.career

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項profession“（需要教育、大量訓(xùn)練和專門學(xué)習(xí)的法律、醫(yī)學(xué)、教育等腦力勞動方面的）專業(yè)或職業(yè)”；B選項occupation“（成為正常的生活來源的一項活動）職業(yè)，行業(yè)，位置”；C選項position“（雇用）職位，工作，職務(wù)”；D選項career“事業(yè)，生涯；某人工作經(jīng)歷或事業(yè)上取得成就的總的過程或進(jìn)程”。句意：史密斯先生有著不尋常的人生：他起初當(dāng)過辦公室職員，然后當(dāng)海員，最終做了一名教師。根據(jù)句意，選項D選項正確。

10.單選題

Thenegotiationshave（）again,andtherepresentativeshaveallbeencalledback.

問題1選項

A.brokenout

B.brokenoff

C.brokenthrough

D.brokeninto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A:breakout“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；B:breakoff“（使）脫離；停止；中斷”；C:breakthrough“突破”；D:breakinto“闖進(jìn)”。句意：談判又中斷了，代表們都被召回了。結(jié)合語境，B為正確答案。

11.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare（）astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項

A.skeptical

B.pessimistic

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A:skeptical“懷疑的，多疑的”；B:pessimistic“悲觀的”；C:incredulous“懷疑的”；D:incredible“難以相信的”。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，政治家都是難以相信的，因為他們很少說實話。結(jié)合此處句意，政治家很少說實話，判斷出選項D為正確答案。

12.單選題

Millionsofpeoplewere（）partiallyorwhollydestitute(貧窮)duringthecivilwar.

問題1選項

A.deprived

B.rendered

C.become

D.ruined

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:deprive“剝奪”；B:render“使成為”；C:become“變成”；D:ruin“毀滅”。句意：戰(zhàn)爭期間，數(shù)以百萬計的人民都淪落到啼饑號寒或一貧如洗的地步。根據(jù)語境和句意可知B為正確答案。

13.單選題

Hewas（）fromthecompetitionbecausehehadnotcompliedwiththerules.

問題1選項

A.forbidden

B.barred

C.disqualified

D.excused

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:forbid“禁止，指禁止某人進(jìn)入某地、或禁止某人用某物或做某事”；B:bar“禁止，指用障礙物阻止或禁止”；C:disqualify“取消……的資格”；D:excuse“原諒”。句意：他被禁止參加比賽，因為他沒有遵守比賽規(guī)則。結(jié)合句意，故C為正確答案。

14.單選題

He（）hischildrennothingandgavethemwhatevertheywanted.

問題1選項

A.rejected

B.denied

C.deprived

D.restricted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:reject“拒絕接受”；B:deny“拒絕給予”；C:deprive“剝奪”；D:restrict“限制”。句意：他不拒絕孩子的任何要求，而且能給他們想要的一切。結(jié)合此處句意，B為正確答案。

15.單選題

SomehistoriansareconvincedthatRomewasacorruptkingdomthatdeservedto（）.

問題1選項

A.die

B.expire

C.perish

D.cease

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項die“死亡；消失”，多用于指“有生命的人或物消亡”；B選項expire“（因到期而）失效；屆滿；去世”，表示“死亡”時，更強(qiáng)調(diào)這個動作，理解為“斷氣”；C選項perish“死亡；毀滅”，多用于文學(xué)用語，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物消失；D選項cease“（使）停止，終止，結(jié)束”。句意：一些歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為羅馬是一個腐敗的王國，理應(yīng)消亡。根據(jù)詞語的偏向性及語境，此處應(yīng)指“羅馬王國的消失”，C選項正確。

16.單選題

Infact,theU.SCongress（）totheBritishParliamentastheybothhavetherighttomakelaws.

問題1選項

A.agrees

B.corresponds

C.matches

D.coincides

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:agree“同意”；B:corresponds(to)“相當(dāng)于”；C:match“匹配”；D:;coincide“一致”。句意：事實上，美國國會相當(dāng)于英國議會，因為它們在制定法律方面權(quán)力相同。此處使用固定搭配coincidewith，故B為正確答案。

17.單選題

Amanof（）judgmentwillimmediatelyseethroughthelittlegame.

問題1選項

A.severe

B.solemn

C.sober

D.stern

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:severe“嚴(yán)峻的”；B:solemn“莊嚴(yán)的，嚴(yán)肅的”；C:sober“頭腦清醒的，冷靜的”；D:stern“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)峻的”。句意：一個頭腦清醒有判斷力的人會立刻看穿這個小游戲。根據(jù)語境和句意可知C為正確答案。

18.單選題

Aconservativemanalways（）hostilitytothechangesthattakeplaceinthecontemporaryworld.

問題1選項

A.cherish

B.embrace

C.embody

D.harbour

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:cherish“珍愛”；B:embrace“包括；擁抱”；C:embody“表現(xiàn)，象征”；D:harbour“隱匿；懷著；包含，藏有”。句意：一個保守的人總是對當(dāng)今世界發(fā)生的變化懷有敵意。根據(jù)語境和句意可知D為正確答案。

19.單選題

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（）.

問題1選項

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:admitted“承認(rèn)”；B:acknowledged“鳴謝；承認(rèn)”；C:absorbed“吸收”；D:considered“考慮”。句意：在這家工廠里，建議往往要等上幾個月才能完全被采納。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。

20.單選題

Hethoughtthepaintingwasoflittle（）,soheletmehaveitforonlytenpounds.

問題1選項

A.cost

B.value

C.price

D.expenses

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:cost“成本；花費”；B:value“價值”；C:price“價格”；D:expenses“開銷”。句意：他認(rèn)為這幅畫沒有什么價值，所以他只給了我十英鎊。結(jié)合此處語境，B為正確答案。

21.單選題

Hehasbeen（）alotofpressureonmetochangemymind.

問題1選項

A.employing

B.exerting

C.endeavoring

D.aspiring

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。exertpressureon...表示“給……施加壓力”。句意：他對我施加了很大的壓力，要求我改變主意。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

22.單選題

Anidealcollegeshouldbeacommunity,aplaceofclose,natural,intimateassociation,notonlyoftheyoungmenwhoareitspupilsandnovicesinvariouslinesofstudy,butalsoofyoungmenwitholdermen,withmaturemen,withveteransandprofessionalinthegreatundertakingoflearning,ofteacherswithpupils,outsidetheclassroomaswellasinsideit.Nooneissuccessfullyeducatedwithinthewallsofanyparticularclassroomorlaboratoryormuseum;andnoamountofassociation,howevercloseandfamiliaranddelightful,betweenmerebeginnerscaneverproducethesortofenlightenmentwhichtheyoungladgetswhenhefirst-beginstocatchtheinfectionoflearning.Thetroublewithmostofourcollegesnowadaysisthatthefacultyofthecollegeliveonelifeandtheundergraduatesquiteadifferentone.Theyconstitutetwocommunities.Thelifeoftheundergraduatesisnottouchedwiththepersonalinfluenceoftheteachers:lifeamongtheteachersisnottouchedbythepersonalimpressionswhichshouldcomefromfrequentandintimatecontactwithundergraduates.Thisseparationneednotexist,and,inthecollegeoftheidealuniversity,wouldnotexist.

Itisperfectlypossibletoorganizethelifeofourcollegesinsuchawaythatstudentsandteachersalikewilltakepartinit;insuchawaythataperfectlynaturaldailyintercoursewillbe

establishedbetweenthem;anditisonlybysuchanorganizationthattheycanbegivenrealvitalityasplacesofserioustraining,bemadecommunitiesinwhichyoungsterswillcomefullytorealizehowinterestingintellectualworkis,howvital,howimportant,howcloselyassociatedwithallmodernachievement—onlybysuchanorganizationthatstudycanbemadetoseempartoflifeitself.Lecturesoftenseemveryformalandemptythings;recitationsgenerallyproveverydullandunrewarding.Itisinconversationandnaturalintercoursewithscholarschieflythatyoufindhowlivelyknowledgeis,howittiesintoeverythingthatisinterestingandimportant,howintimateapartitisofeverythingthatispracticalandconnectedwiththeworld.Menarenotalwaysmadethoughtfulbybooks,buttheyaregenerallymadethoughtfulbyassociationwithmenwhothink.

Thepresentandmostpressingproblemofouruniversityauthoritiesistobringaboutthisvitalassociationforthebenefitofthenovicesoftheuniversityworld,theundergraduates.Classroommethodsarethoroughenough;competentscholarsalreadylectureandsettasksandsuperintendtheirperformance;butthelifeoftheaverageundergraduateoutsidetheclassroomandotherstatedappointmentswithhisinstructorsisnotverymuchaffectedbyhisstudies:isalmostentirelydissociatedfromintellectualinterests.

1.Successfuleducationistheacquiringofknowledgefrom（

）.

2.Theteacherandthestudentdonotunderstandeachothermuchbecause（

）.

3.Theteacherandthestudent（

）.

4.Mantendstothinkbecause（

）.

5.Itisfoundthatastudentdoesnotoftenmakethemostuseof（

）tomakelifemoreworthliving.

問題1選項

A.classrooms,laboratoriesandmuseums

B.allsourcesavailable

C.intimateassociationbetweenbeginners

D.experiencedscholars

問題2選項

A.theydonotlivetogether

B.theydonotoftentrytoexchangeideas,emotionsandexperiences

C.theydonotrespecteachother

D.theyhavedifferentstandards’ofeducation

問題3選項

A.canactuallyliveineachother’slife

B.canlivetogetherinthesameplace

C.canplayequallywell

D.candiscussfreelyeveryday

問題4選項

A.hehasreadalot

B.heisinterestedinthesubject

C.heknowshowothersmayfeel

D.hewantstolearn

問題5選項

A.classroommethods

B.tasks

C.hisschoolknowledge

D.hisperformance

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出觀點：理想校園應(yīng)該是多樣的，而且沒有人在任何特定的教室、實驗室或博物館內(nèi)接受過成功的教育。校園里的分離是不需要存在的，并且在理想大學(xué)的學(xué)院中也不存在。因此判斷只有B項“成功的教育是從知識中獲取的”符合文意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thetroublewithmostofourcollegesnowadaysisthatthefacultyofthecollegeliveonelifeandtheundergraduatesquiteadifferentone.Theyconstitutetwocommunities.Thelifeoftheundergraduatesisnottouchedwiththepersonalinfluenceoftheteachers:lifeamongtheteachersisnottouchedbythepersonalimpressionswhichshouldcomefromfrequentandintimatecontactwithundergraduates.”，中文大意為：現(xiàn)在我們大多數(shù)大學(xué)的問題在于，學(xué)院的教職員工過著一種生活，而本科生則完全不同。他們構(gòu)成了兩個社區(qū)。大學(xué)生的生活不受教師的個人影響，教師之間的生活不受來自與大學(xué)生頻繁、親密接觸的個人印象的影響。由此可知B選項“他們通常不會交換想法、情感和經(jīng)驗”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可定位到原文第二段中“Itisperfectlypossibletoorganizethelifeofourcollegesinsuchawaythatstudentsandteachersalikewilltakepartinit”，中文翻譯為：我們完全有可能把大學(xué)的生活組織起來，使學(xué)生和教師都能參與其中。以及下文“Itisonlybysuchanorganizationthattheycanbegivenrealvitalityasplacesofserioustraining,bemadecommunitiesinwhichyoungsterswillcomefullytorealizehowinterestingintellectualworkis”，中文翻譯為：只有通過這樣的組織，才能使大學(xué)這種嚴(yán)格地培養(yǎng)人的地方真正充滿朝氣，才能使他們成為共同生活的團(tuán)體，年輕人在其中會充分認(rèn)識到腦力勞動是多么有趣。綜合而知，A項“能真正活在彼此的生活中”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Itisinconversationandnaturalintercoursewithscholarschieflythatyoufindhowlivelyknowledgeis,howittiesintoeverythingthatisinterestingandimportant,howintimateapartitisofeverythingthatispracticalandconnectedwiththeworld.Menarenotalwaysmadethoughtfulbybooks,buttheyaregenerallymadethoughtfulbyassociationwithmenwhothink.”，中文翻譯為：正是與學(xué)者的交談和自然交流，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)知識是多么生動、知識與一切有趣和重要的事物是多么緊密相連，它是這些事物的不可分割的一部分，是一切實用的以及與當(dāng)今世界有關(guān)的事物密切聯(lián)系的一部分。人們并不總是通過書本來思考，但是通常與善于思考的人交往能使人善于思考?？梢缘弥狣選項“他想了解”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Classroommethodsarethoroughenough;competentscholarsalreadylectureandsettasksandsuperintendtheirperformance;butthelifeoftheaverageundergraduateoutsidetheclassroomandotherstatedappointmentswithhisinstructorsisnotverymuchaffectedbyhisstudies:isalmostentirelydissociatedfromintellectualinterests.”，中文翻譯為：課堂教學(xué)方法足夠徹底；有能力的學(xué)者已經(jīng)講課，設(shè)定任務(wù)并監(jiān)督他們的表現(xiàn)；但是，普通本科生的課外生活以及與導(dǎo)師的其他約定并沒有受到他學(xué)習(xí)的太大影響：幾乎完全脫離了他的智力興趣。因此C選項最符合。

23.單選題

Shesteered（）ofbeingassociatedwithsuchpeople.

問題1選項

A.clear

B.void

C.bare

D.free

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。steerclearofsb./sth.表示“繞開;避開”。句意：她避免與這種人交往。結(jié)合句意，故A為正確答案。

24.單選題

Iftheseshoesaretoobig,asktheclerktobringyouasmaller（）.

問題1選項

A.pair

B.suit

C.one

D.set

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這些鞋太大了，請店員給你拿一雙更小的。結(jié)合語境，由前文談及“這些鞋子”，即應(yīng)該是成對的，故應(yīng)該用“一雙”，則A為正確答案。

25.單選題

Inthenegotiationheldbetweenthetwopartiesoftheworkersandemployertheworkerswere（）inaskingformoreholidays.

問題1選項

A.joint

B.harmonious

C.unanimous

D.coordinated

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beunanimousin表示“（所有人）一致同意的，全體一致的，無異議的”。句意：在工人和雇主雙方進(jìn)行的談判中，工人們一致要求更多的假期。結(jié)合此處語義，C為正確答案。

26.單選題

Theword“addiction”isoftenusedlooselyandwrylyinconversation.Peoplewillrefertothemselvesas“mysterybookaddicts”or“cookieaddicts.”E.B.Whitewritesofhisannualsurgeofinterestingardening:“Wearehookedandaremakinganattempttokickthehabit.”Yetnobodyreallybelievesthatreadingmysteriesororderingseedsbycatalogueisseriousenoughtobecomparedwithaddictionstoheroinoralcohol.Theword“addiction”ishereusedjokinglytodenoteatendencytooverindulgeinsomepleasurableactivity.

Peopleoftenrefertobeing“hookedonTV.”Doesthis,too,fallintothelightheartedcategoryofcookieeatingandotherpleasuresthatpeoplepursuewithusualintensity,oristhereakindoftelevisionviewingthatfallsintothemoreseriouscategoryofdestructiveaddiction?

Whenwethinkaboutaddictiontodrugsoralcohol,wefrequentlyfocusonnegativeaspects,ignoringthepleasuresthataccompanydrinkingordrugtaking.Andyettheessenceofanyseriousaddictionisapursuitofpleasure,asearchfora“high”thatnormallifedoesnotsupply.Itisonlytheinabilitytofunctionwithouttheaddictivesubstancethatisdismayingthedependenceoftheorganismuponthecertainexperienceandincreasinginabilitytofunctionnormallywithoutit.Thusapersonwilltaketwoorthreedrinksattheendofthedaynotmerelyforthepleasuredrinkingprovides,butalsobecausehe“doesn'tfeelnormal"withoutthem.

Anaddictdoesnotmerelypursueapleasurableexperienceandneedtoexperienceitinordertofunctionnormally.Heneedstorepeatitagainandagain.Somethingaboutthatparticularexperiencemakeslifewithoutitlessthancomplete.Otherpotentiallypleasurableexperiencesarenolongerpossible,forunderthespelloftheaddictiveexperiencehislifeispeculiarlydistorted.Theaddictcravesanexperienceandyetheisneverreallysatisfied.Theorganismmaybetemporarilystated,butsoonitbeginstocraveagain.

Finallyaseriousaddictionisdistinguishedfromaharmlesspursuitofpleasurebyitsdistinctlydestructiveelements.Aheroinaddict,forinstance,leadsadamagedlife:hisincreasingneedforheroininincreasingdosespreventshimfromworking,frommaintainingrelationships,fromdevelopinginhumanways.Similarlyanalcoholic'slifeisnarrowedanddehumanizedbyhisdependenceonalcohol.

Letusconsidertelevisionviewinginthelightoftheconditionsthatdefineseriousaddictions.

1.Theessenceofanyseriousaddictionis（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,anaddict’slifeispeculiarlydistortedbecause（

）.

3.Seriousaddictionisdifferentfromaharmlesspursuitofpleasurebythefactthat（

）.

4.Whichkindofaddictionisnotmentionedinthepassage?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thefocusisusuallyputon（

）.

6.Inthefollowingparagraphs,theauthorwillcontinuetodiscuss（

）.

問題1選項

A.theinabilitytofunctionwithouttheaddictivesubstance

B.asearchforahighthatnormallifedoesnotsupply

C.thedependenceoftheorganismuponacertainexperience

D.thedismayofnotbeingabletofunctionnormally

問題2選項

A.hemerelypursueapleasurableexperience

B.heneedtoexperienceittofunctionnormally

C.hecan'tfindpleasureinotherpotentialpleasurableexperiences

D.hebeginstocraveagain

問題3選項

A.ithasextremelyseriousconsequences.

B.ithelpsapersontobehavenormally.

C.itcanmakeapersonsatisfied.

D.itdoesnotmakelifecomplete.

問題4選項

A.Heroinaddiction

B.Alcoholaddiction

C.Sportsmania

D.TVAddiction

問題5選項

A.thepleasureofdrinkinganddrug-taking.

B.thenegativeaspectsofdoingsuchthings

C.anaddict'sdistortedlife

D.theseriouspursuitofpleasure

問題6選項

A.Addictioningeneral

B.Seriousnessofdrugabusing

C.TVaddiction

D.ThepleasureofwatchingTV

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Andyettheessenceofanyseriousaddictionisapursuitofpleasure,asearchfora‘high’thatnormallifedoesnotsupply.”，中文翻譯為：然而任何嚴(yán)重的上癮的精髓都是一種對快樂的追求，一種平常生活中無法提供的對“過頭”的探求。因此B選項：尋求一種正常生活不能提供的“過頭”，為正確答案。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Anaddictdoesnotmerelypursueapleasurableexperienceandneedtoexperienceitinordertofunctionnormally.Heneedstorepeatitagainandagain.Somethingaboutthatparticularexperiencemakeslifewithoutitlessthancomplete.Otherpotentiallypleasurableexperiencesarenolongerpossible,forunderthespelloftheaddictiveexperience,hislifeispeculiarlydistorted.Theaddictcravesanexperienceandyetheisneverreallysatisfied.Theorganismmaybetemporarilystated,butsoonitbeginstocraveagain.”，中文翻譯為：上癮者不僅僅是追求愉快的體驗，而且需要體驗它才能正常工作。他需要一遍又一遍地重復(fù)。這種特殊的經(jīng)歷會讓沒有它的生活變得不完整。其他潛在的愉快的經(jīng)歷不再可能，因為在上癮的經(jīng)歷的魔力下，他的生活特別扭曲了。癮君子渴望一種體驗，但他從未真正得到滿足。這種有機(jī)體可能暫時存在，但很快又開始渴望?？梢缘弥狣選項“他開始再次渴望”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章中倒數(shù)第二段“Finallyaseriousaddictionisdistinguishedfromaharmlesspursuitofpleasurebyitsdistinctlydestructiveelements.”，中文翻譯為：最后，嚴(yán)重的成癮與無害的快樂追求的區(qū)別在于其明顯的破壞性因素。因此A項“它會帶來極其嚴(yán)重的后果”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)A,B項可以定位到文章第一段“...bycatalogueisseriousenoughtobecomparedwithaddictionstoheroinoralcohol.”，中文翻譯為：對毒品的上癮程度嚴(yán)重到可以與對海洛因或酒精的上癮相提并論。根據(jù)D項可以定位到文章第二段“Peopleoftenrefertobeing‘hookedonTV’.”，中文翻譯為：人們經(jīng)常提到沉迷于電視。因此排除A，B，D三項，答案為C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過題干定位到原文“Whenwethinkaboutaddictiontodrugsoralcohol,wefrequentlyfocusonnegativeaspects,ignoringthepleasuresthataccompanydrinkingordrugtaking.”，中文翻譯：當(dāng)我們考慮毒品或酒精上癮時，我們經(jīng)常關(guān)注其消極的方面，而忽略了飲酒或吸毒帶來的快樂。選項B“這種事的消極方面”符合題意。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文尾段“Letusconsidertelevisionviewinginthelightoftheconditionsthatdefineseriousaddictions.”，中文翻譯：讓我們根據(jù)定義嚴(yán)重上癮的情況來考慮一下看電視這種情況吧！最佳答案為C選項。

27.單選題

The215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslastOctober,（

）anoutburstofinterest.

問題1選項

A.flared

B.glittered

C.sparked

D.flashed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項flare“閃光，閃耀”；B選項glitter“閃閃發(fā)光，閃爍”；C選項spark“發(fā)動，激起”；D選項flash“閃光，閃現(xiàn)”。句意：去年十月傳到出版商那兒的215頁的手稿激發(fā)起他們濃厚的興趣。根據(jù)句意，C選項正確。

28.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreatand（

）,thereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項intention“意圖，目的”；B選項instinct“本能，天性”；C選項integrity“正直，完整”；D選項intensity“劇烈，強(qiáng)度”。句意：市長是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我們給予政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。A，B和D項不與with搭配，結(jié)合句意，C選項正確。

29.單選題

ThespeakerannouncedthatthePresidentwouldconvenehistopaidesfortheregularmeetingbuthedidn't（）thetimeandplace.

問題1選項

A.designate

B.denote

C.manifest

D.specify

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:designate“指定”；B:donate“捐贈”；C:manifest“證明，顯示”；D:;specify“詳細(xì)說明”。句意：發(fā)言人聲稱總統(tǒng)將召集他的高級副官舉行定期會議，但是他并沒有詳細(xì)說明時間和地點。結(jié)合句意可知D為正確答案。

30.單選題

（）me,IthinkanEnglish-ChinesedictionaryismuchmorehelpfultoourstudythananallEnglishdictionary.

問題1選項

A.Asfaras

B.As

C.Asfor

D.Asregard

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。asfor“對……來說，就……而言”。句意：對我來說，我認(rèn)為一本英漢字典要比一本全英字典要好。根據(jù)句意可知C為正確答案。

31.單選題

（

）tosomepartsofSouthAmericaisstilldifficult,becausepartsofthecontinentarestillcoveredwiththickforests.

問題1選項

A.Orientation

B.Access

C.Procession

D.Voyage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項orientation“方向，方位，定位”；B選項access“出口，接近，進(jìn)入”，常與to搭配；C選項procession“行列，隊伍，前進(jìn)，推移”；D選項voyage“航海，航行”。句意：南美洲的某些地區(qū)仍然很難進(jìn)入，因為該大陸的某些地區(qū)仍然被茂密的森林所覆蓋。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項正確。

32.單選題

I’m（）ongoingtothatflowershow.IbelievetherearesomespecimensofCarationthatI’minterestedin.

問題1選項

A.keen

B.acute

C.shrewd

D.enthusiastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。bekeenondoingsth.表示“渴望;熱切;熱衷于”。句意：我非常想要去看花展，我相信有一些我感興趣的標(biāo)本。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

33.單選題

Theworkisnotveryprofitable（）cash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromit.

問題1選項