中考英語二輪復習課件 被動語態(tài)

語法?*課前預習詞匯can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will

(would)被動動詞被動語態(tài)(Passive

voice)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般來說，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)動詞。被動語態(tài)構成主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的使用場合不用被動語態(tài)的情況主動形式表示被動意義被動語態(tài)的構成be+動詞的過去分詞常用的八種時態(tài)被動語態(tài)構成一般現(xiàn)在時：am/

is/are

done主：We

believehim.被：He

isbelievedby

us.一般過去時：was/

weredone主：He

boughthischildren

somepens.被：Somepenswereboughtfor

hischildrenbyhim.一般將來時：will/shallbedone主：Everyone

willknow

the

truthsoon.被：The

truthwillbeknown

byeveryone.過去將來時態(tài)would

bedonehesaidtheworkwouldbefinishedtomorrow.他說明天將完成工作。現(xiàn)在進行時

am/is/are

beingdone主：Mary

ismakingadoll.被：A

doll

isbeingmade

byMary.過去進行時was/

werebeingdone主：They

werecarryingthehurtplayer.(受傷的球員）被：The

hurtplayer

wasbeingcarriedbythem.現(xiàn)在完成時

have/hasbeen

done主：He

hasreceivedtheletter.被：The

letter

hasbeenreceivedbyhim.過去完成時had

beendone主：They

hadbuilttenbridges.(橋)被：Ten

bridgeshadbeenbuilt

bythem英語被動語態(tài)在什么情況下使用？一.不需要主語的情況下。she

is

being

treated

in

hospital.她在醫(yī)院接受治療”。很明顯接受的是醫(yī)生或護士的治療。The

cupwasbroken.杯子壞了。He

wasseen

toleave

thehouse.他被看到離開了房間。Thebookwaspublishedin

2000.這本書是2000年出版的。二、強調動作的承受者。This

poemwas

written

by

Whitman.這首詩是由惠特曼寫的。The

problem

wassolved

byJason.詹森解決了問題。Many

house

were

destroyedin

the

war.很多房子在戰(zhàn)爭中被破壞了。3.固定搭配itis

saidthat... 據(jù)說itis

reportedthat... 據(jù)報道itis

believed

that... 人們相信...it

is

known

that...眾所周知it

isthoughtthat...人們以為...It

has

been

decided

that…….

已經(jīng)決定It

is

supposed

that…….人們認為It

is

suggested

that…….有人建議It

must

be

rememberedthat…….

務必記住It

is

taken

for

granted

that…….

被視為當然被動語態(tài)特殊情況一是時態(tài)不能改變;二是變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，謂語動詞要和被動語態(tài)的主語在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致。還要作如下變動：把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語;主動語態(tài)的主語放在by的后面，組成介詞短語，再把這個介詞短語放在被動語態(tài)的謂語動詞之后。在動作的執(zhí)行者無須說明或不必要強調時，by短語可以省略。例如：Theywill

openanewsupermarket

there

soon.

他們很快將在那里開辦個新超市。A

new

supermarketwill

be

opened

theresoon.

一個新超市不久將在那里開辦。The

doctor

gave

two

lectures

in

English.

那位醫(yī)生用英語講了兩次課。Two

lectures

were

given

by

the

doctor

in

English.

由那位醫(yī)生用英語講了兩次課。例句4.2.如果主動語態(tài)有兩個賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可將其中任何一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不變。但較常見的是將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。Thereportersaskedthepresidentsomequestions.記者們問了總統(tǒng)一些問題。Thepresidentwasaskedsomequestionsbythereporters.(

變間接賓語為主語)Somequestionswereaskedthepresidentbythereporters.(變直接賓語為主語)We

have

givenhimajob.

我們已給了他一個工作。He

hasbeen

givena

job.(變間接賓語為主語)A

jobhas

beengiven(to)him.(變直接賓語為主語)4.3

make,

see,

watch,

hear,

notice,

feel等使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補。但在被動語態(tài)中，不定式符號to必須補上。例如：They

madehim

go.

他們讓他去。He

wasmadeto

go.他被要求去了。Iheardhim

saygood-byetohisfriends.我聽見他向他的朋友說再見。He

washeardto

saygood-byeto

hisfriends.有人聽到他向他的朋友說再見。5.

在need,

want,

require后面，主動的-ing形式表達被動的意思：My

watchneeds

cleaning.(=…needs

tobe

cleaned)

我的表需要清洗。Yourgarden

needs

watering.(=…to

be

watered)

你的花園需要澆水。Does

your

suit

requirepressing,sir?

先生，您的衣服要燙嗎?你試著寫句子：請將下列句子改為被動句。①Hemakesthegirlstayathome.Thegirlismadetosatyat

home.②LastSundayweheardthemsingPekingOperainthetheatre.TheywereheardtosingPekingOperainthetheatrelastSunday.主動語態(tài)表示被動意義被動語態(tài)表示主動意義習題一定要掌握感官動詞！動詞的主動形式表被動意義1.感官動詞，如look,

taste,

smell,

sound,

feel，see,hear,等，這些詞后面常常接形容詞，表示被動意義，意思是“……起來”。大家看下面例句來理解：Theideasounds

great.這主意聽起來不錯。Thiskindofmagazinesells

good.這種雜志賣的不錯。Thehugestoneweighs300

tons.這種大石頭重300噸.Thiskindoffoodtastesgood.這種食物嘗起來味道很好。Icealwaysfeels

cold.冰摸起來很涼。你來試試～～Theflowers————（smell）sweet.這花聞起來很香。Thecloth————（feel）very

soft.這種布摸起來很軟。smell；

feels動詞的主動形式表被動意義2.某些不及物動詞表示事物內在的品質和屬性，如sell,

wash,write,

teach,

weigh,

read,open,

lock等，這些詞用主動形式表示被動意義。Whatyousaidnowjustsounds

reasonable.你說的話現(xiàn)在聽起來很有道理。Thebooksellswell

.這本書賣得很好。你來試試～～Thiskindof

cloth

————（wash) very

well.這種布很耐洗。This

model

(sell)very

well.這個型號賣的很好。Thedoor

(shut)

gently.門輕輕地關上了。washes;sells;

shut動詞的主動形式表被動意義3.某些表示“開始，結束”的動詞。start,begin,open,close,stop,

end...The

meeting

ended

at

7:30會議在7:30

結束了。某些表示“發(fā)生,爆炸”的不及物動詞或短語。happen,takeplace,occur,breakout,

spread...Suddenly,

the

fire

broke

out.

突然，火災發(fā)生了。4.want

,deserve,need,worth,

require

+

Ving

形式Theshoesneedmending(=needtobe

mended)這鞋要補一下。Theboydeserveslooking

after.那個男孩要照顧。Myhairneedscutting.(needstobe

cut)我的頭發(fā)需要剪了。Thenovelisworth

reading.這本小說值得一讀。大顯身手1.Look!Abigmodern

building

inour

city.A.is

builtC.hasbeen

builtB.isbeing

builtD.is

building2.Your

bikecan’t

there.A.be

putC.be

puttedB.is

putD.

putted3.Mary

thesongata

party.A.heard

singC.heardto

singB.washeard

singD.washeardto

singBADB。本句結構為：現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。句意為“在我們城里，一座現(xiàn)代化的樓房正在被建”。A。本句結構為：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。句意為“你的自行車不能被放在那”。D。本句結構為：一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。此句中復合賓語的不定式to不能省略。句意為“瑪麗被聽到在宴會上唱歌”。4.

treesusually

in

April?B.Are,

plantedD.Do,

plantedA.Have,

plantedC.have,been

planted5.My

room

tomorrow.A.is

cleanedC.willbe

cleanedB.be

cleanedD.is

cleaning6.When

yourschool

?A.did,

builtC.is，

builtB.was，

builtD.was，

buildingBCBB