詞法專題二-英語代詞

代詞專項復(fù)習(xí)代詞：代替名詞或起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。代詞的種類代詞{人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞指示代詞疑問代詞{主格賓格{形容詞性名詞性不定代詞{普通不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)習(xí)要求1.熟練掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞2.熟練掌握it的用法3.能夠區(qū)別不定代詞

一.人稱代詞

人稱分類第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

主格賓格Iwe

meus

you

you

you

you

heshe

ithimherittheythem

用法口訣：人稱代詞分兩格，主格賓格來分說；

主格定把主語作，賓格作賓不會錯。

人稱代詞主格、賓格的用法人稱代詞主格在句子中充當(dāng)主語。

IamstudyingEnglishnow.

Weloveourschool.注意：

1.幾個人稱代詞并列充當(dāng)主語時的順序：單數(shù)形式：you,heandI

復(fù)數(shù)形式:we,youandthey.2.Iamheissheisitisweareyouaretheyare

人稱代詞賓格在句子充當(dāng)

動詞、介詞的賓語或表語

Canyouhelpme?

Wearewaitingforthem.

Ourteacherwillhavesupperwithus.

Whoisthere?It’sme.動賓介賓介賓表語1._______isnewhere.Pleaselookafter_____.(他)2.______isn’there.What’swrongwith_______?(她)3.MissBrownwillteach______Englishnextterm.(我們)根據(jù)漢語填空:HehimSheherus當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練4.TheChinesehaveknownaboutthebenefitsofgreenteasinceancienttimes,andtheyuse___totreateverythingfromheadachestodepression.it

沙場練兵

人稱分類第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞

名詞性物主代詞二.物主代詞myouryour

your

his

her

its

their

mine

oursyours

yours

his

hers

its

theirs

用法口訣：物主代詞兩類型，形容詞性、名詞性。形容詞性作定語，后面定把名詞用。名詞性、獨立用，主賓表語它都充。名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

兩種物主代詞的不同用法

1.形容詞性物主代詞用來修飾后面的名詞，不能單獨應(yīng)用：

My

parentsarebothdoctors.（做名詞的定語）Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.Theylovetheirworkinthefactory.

小結(jié)：形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

兩種物主代詞的不同用法2.名詞性物主代詞應(yīng)單獨使用，后面不跟名詞：

MayIuseyourruler?Ihavelostmine.MayIuseyourruler?Ihavelostmyruler.Let’scleantheirroomfirst,andthencleanours.Let’scleantheirroomfirst,andthencleanourroom.

Theselettersarehis.Theselettersarehisletters.小結(jié)：名詞性物主代詞所修飾的名詞通常出現(xiàn)在它的前面。名詞性物主代詞，還可與名詞及of連用構(gòu)成雙重所有格：a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/no/every/each/another...+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞Somefriendsofminewillattendmyparty.=Someofmyfriends

willattendmyparty.1.___（他的）fatherisanengineer.2.Thatcarof___（我的）isalwaysbreakingdown.3.Hisdictionaryismuchthickerthan___.（你的）4.Iknoweachbrotherof___.（她的）Hismineyourshers

沙場練兵5.Beforegettingontheplane,train,bus,learnfromthesemistakestoavoidthecrowdsandmakethemostof___（you）holiday.your

沙場練兵ConclusionHomework復(fù)習(xí)本節(jié)課所學(xué)內(nèi)容完成代詞專題的習(xí)題

三.反身代詞

人稱分類

第一人稱第二人稱

第三人稱

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)myself

ourselves

yourself

yourselveshimself

themselvesherself

itself

反身代詞用法口訣：

反身代詞表自身，句中可作三成分：表示強調(diào)同位語，賓語動作回自身。

用作表語，來強調(diào)主語，表身體狀況。

Heisnotquitehimselftoday.（他今天身體不適。）反身代詞的用法1.在句中作賓語，表示動作反射到動作的執(zhí)行者本身。Mygrandmotheristoooldtolookafterherself.LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelpothers,heneverthoughtofhimself.Whentheywokeup,theyfoundthemselveslyingontheground.反身代詞的用法2.在句中作名詞或代詞的同位語，用來加強語氣，可譯為“親身”、“本人”等。Weourselveswillbuildthefactory.Thechildrenmadethemodelplanethemselves.Thehouseitselfisnotsobeautiful.反身代詞的用法3.反身代詞在實際運用中可構(gòu)成許多常用詞組：byoneselfforoneselfcalloneselfteachoneselfhelponeselfspeaktooneselfloseoneselfenjoyoneself親自為自己稱自己自學(xué)隨便吃自言自語=saytooneself迷路自得其樂1.Mypenisbroken.MayIuse______?A.youB.yoursC.yourselfD.your2.---Arethese____coats?---No,theyaren’t.____arehere.A.your,OursB.your,WeC.you,OursD.you,Our3.Don’tlose____incomputergames,boys.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.himselfD.themselves4.Mike’swordsaredifferentfrom____.Wereallycan’tagreewith_____.A.ours,himB.ours,he’sC.us,himD.us,his選擇填空:隨堂練習(xí)

沙場練兵1._____love______countryandwe’llmakeitmorebeautiful.(we)2.______studiesinamiddleschoolnear____home.(he)3.____________doit.(I)4.--Isit_______,Tom?(you)--No,itisn’t______,(I)itmustbe____(she)5.Ithink______teacherisyoungerthan_____.(we,they)6.Thefarmergrowthesetomatoes______.(they)WeourHehisImyselfyoursminehersourtheirsthemselves四、疑問代詞what/whichwho/whom/whosewhatever,whichever,whoever,whomeverHowmanypeoplearethereinChina?___isthe___(人口)ofChina?HowfarisitfromheretoBeijing?____isthedistancefromheretoBeijing?WhatpopulationWhat五.it的用法1.it指代上文提到的某樣?xùn)|西

--Whereismydictionary?--Ileftitrightonthedesk.2.it用以代替指示代詞--What'sthis?--It'saflag.3.it可代指嬰兒或不明身份的人

—Whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadmaster.4.it也可用來表示天氣、時間、距離、日期、地點、溫度、環(huán)境、價值等Howcolditistoday!It'sabouteighto'clock.It's200kilometersfromhere.5．用作形式主語或形式賓語，代替不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句。(1)it作形式主語的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb.)＋todosth.；②Itisnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.；③It's(well)worthdoingsth...；④It＋be＋名詞詞組(apity/afact/nowonder/...)＋that從句；⑤It＋不及物動詞(詞組)(seem/appear/turnout/occurtosb./...)＋that從句；⑥It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句；⑦Ittakessb.time/moneytodosth.(2)it作形式賓語的常用句型：①主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb.)＋todosth./that從句；②主語+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/nouse/nogood/awasteoftime/money/energy/...＋doingsth.(3)it用于like、enjoy、hate、love、appreciate等表示喜歡、憎惡等情感的動詞以及dependon/upon、seeto等動詞短語后，需接when、if、that等引導(dǎo)的從句。6．含有it的?？级陶Z和句型：believeitornot

信不信由你makeit

成功；做到；約定時間takeitforgrantedthat...

認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的assomeoneputsit

像某人所說的那樣whenitcomesto...

當(dāng)涉及/談到……oweittosb.that...

把……歸功于某人keepitinmindthat...

把……銘記在心Itdepends.

視情況而定。Takeiteasy.

別著急。It's(high)timethatsb.(should)do/didsth.是某人該做某事的時候了。It'sthefirst/second/...timethatsb.have/hasdonesth.是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。Itis/hasbeen...since...

自從……多久了Itwillbe/was...before...

要過多久才……7.it用于強調(diào)句中，可以對句子中的主語、賓語、狀語加以強調(diào)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was+被強調(diào)成分+that(who/whom)+句子其他成分。eg:ItisIwho/thatamright.(強調(diào)主語)Itwashimwho/thatwemetattheschoolgate.

(強調(diào)賓語)ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.

(強調(diào)狀語)

1.-Look,whoiscoming?-___mustbeourEnglishteacher.

A.SheB.HeC.ItD.This2.Ifound___noteasytogetonwithhim.

A.thatB.itC.thisD.one3.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan____ofCanada.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this4.

Ifound____importanttoreadEnglishinthemorning.A.itB.thatC.whichD.its5.Ihavesomeappleshere.Youcanhave____.A.oneB.itC.thatD.those六、區(qū)別不定代詞不是指明代替特定名詞（或形容詞）的代詞eg:all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no以及由some,any,no,every等構(gòu)成的合成代詞都任何一個都不部分否定兩者botheitherneither＝noteitherboth和not連用三者或三者以上allanynone＝notanyall和not連用1．a(chǎn)ll，both，either，any，none，neitherMr.Alcottrefusedtoaccept____（任何）ofthethreesuggestionsmadebytheStudent’sUnion.Therearemanytreeson____side（=bothsides）ofthestreet._____（都不）ofthetwocarsismine._____（所有）horsesareanimals,butnot_____（所有）animalsarehorses.

ofthismoneyismine.(都不)anyeitherNeitherAllallNoneother指其余的人或物，不單獨使用,只能與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用theothertheother指兩個人或物中的“另一個”，后可加單數(shù)名詞,也可加復(fù)數(shù)名詞,常與one連用，構(gòu)成“one...theother...”(一個……；另一個……)another單獨使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或中的“另一個”，代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。another+數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)“另外幾……”others，theothersothers泛指“其余的人或物”，相當(dāng)于“other＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，不能作定語，常構(gòu)成some...others...。theothers特指“其余的所有人或物”，相當(dāng)于“theother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”2.other，theother，others，theothers，another1.Idon’tlikethisone,pleaseshowmeanother.

我不喜歡這個，請給我另一個。2.Heisreadytohelpothers.他樂于幫助別人。3.Sheenjoysspendingotherpeople’smoney.

她喜歡花別人的錢。4.Somechildrenarereading,othersarelisteningtotheradio.

有些孩子在閱讀，有些則在聽收音機。5.Hehastwopens.Oneisred,theotherisblack.

他有兩支鋼筆，一支是紅的，另一支是黑的。6.Mary’shere.Wherearealltheothers?

瑪麗在這里，其余的所有人都到哪里去了？7.Ofthethreeforeignguests,oneisfromLondon,theothertwoarefromNewYork.

在那三個外國客人中，一個來自倫敦，另外兩個來自紐約。8.He’llstayhereforanothertwodays(=twootherdays/twomoredays).

他要在這里再呆兩天。nonenone既指人也指物，后面可接of短語，一般用來回答howmany，howmuch和which的提問nothingnothing只指物，后面不能接of短語，用來回答what的提問noone/nobodynoone和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短語，一般回答who的提問3．none，nothing，noone/nobody用None,nothing,nobody（noone）填空---Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?---___---Whoisintheroom?---___---Isthereanyoneintheroom?---___---Isthereanypersonintheroom?---___NoneNobody（noone）NooneNone4.many/much/few/little/afew/alittle多少復(fù)數(shù)名詞ManyFew不可數(shù)名詞MuchLittle肯定否定復(fù)數(shù)名詞AfewFew不可數(shù)名詞AlittleLittle_____(ofus)canspeakfourforeignlanguages.Few(我們當(dāng)中)幾乎沒有人會說四種外語。Ihave_____friends,butmyyoungersisterhasvery____.afew我有一些朋友，但我妹妹幾乎沒有什么朋友。fewItdoesnotcost______,yetwecanstilllearnalot.much雖然花銷不多，但是我們?nèi)匀荒軐W(xué)到很多。5.復(fù)合不定代詞是指由every-,some-,any-,no-與-thing,-one,-body等構(gòu)成的不定代詞。(1)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。Somebodyhasparkedhiscarrightinfrontofmine.(2)含-thing的，用it代替；含-body,-one的，一般用they代替，在正式文體中可用he。(3)其后一般不接of短語,不定代詞若是指物或后接of短語,可用anyone,everyoneEveryoneofthemoviesIsawlastweekwasinteresting.(4)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞或else要位于后面。Pleasebequiet.I’vegotsomethingimportanttosay.(5)something,somebody/someone,anything還可作名詞，意為“重要的事情(或人物)”。Hiswifeisnowsomebodyintelevision.他的妻子現(xiàn)在是電視界的大人物了。習(xí)慣搭配nothingbut

僅僅，只是

anythingbut

決不somethingof

有幾分，略微orsomething

諸如此類的人或物1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelseBCA代詞用法each(1)強調(diào)個體，可作代詞和形容詞，指兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個”。(2)可以與of短語連用；可作主語、賓語、同位語和定語。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；作同位語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)和主語保持一致。every(1)強調(diào)(整體中的)每一個，只能作定語，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一個”。做定語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)(2)與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定。(3)可用來表示“每隔”。(4)不可與of短語連用。6.each與every的區(qū)別every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞“每(多少)”47Whenhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticedthat____onehadhisnamewritteninside.each當(dāng)他摘下手套時，我注意到每只手套里面都寫著他的名字。［上海］_____boyintheclasshasreadthebook.Every班上所有的男孩都已讀過這本書。Hevisitedhisuncle____fewdays.every他每隔幾天就去看望他叔叔。部分否定和全部否定(1)noone、none、nobody、nothing、not...any/either以及“no＋名詞”表示全部否定；Nothingcanstophimgoingthere.(2)all、both、everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名詞”與not連用時，表示部分否定；(3)not與總括性副詞，如everywhere、always、altogether等連用時，也表示部分否定。Suchathingcan’tbefoundeverywhere.WhileIagreewiththemostofwhatyousaid,Idon'tagreewitheverything.盡管我同意你的大部分看法，但并不是同意所有的看法。WhileIagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,Idon’tagreewith____A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothingIhaven’tread____ofhisbooks,butjudgingfromoneIhaveread,Ithinkhe’llmakeapromising（有前途的）writer.A.anyB.noneC.bothD.eitherCCit特指前面提到過的同一個人或物，不帶任何修飾語。ones替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表泛指，同類不同一。that替代上文出現(xiàn)的“the＋不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，表特指，同類不同一。其后常跟介詞短語作后置定語。those替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時)，表特指，同類不同一。one替代上文出現(xiàn)的“a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，表泛指，同類不同一。it,one,that,those,one的區(qū)別Werentedacar.Itlooksveryold.我們租了一輛車。它看起來很舊。Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,onethatIhaveneverseen.張先生給了我一件非常有價值的禮物——一件我從來沒有見過的禮物。Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfromthatintheUK.

在許多方面，美國的教育制度與英國的教育制度沒有很大差異。Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthoseunderthedesk.桌子上面的書比桌子下面的書要好很多。練習(xí)一、用正確的代詞填空1.----Excuse___,isthisbikeyours?----No,itisn’t______.Ithinkit’sTom’s.----Yes,itis____.2.Shewillfinishthework_______.3.Make_______athome,Lucy.4.Theboyisstandingwith____handsinthepocket.5.Youcanhaveonecake_____,children.6.Willyoupleasedo______shoppingforme?7.MissGaowantstoteachherstudents__________sheknows.8.Youmaystayherefor_________fivedays.9.Thisquestionissoeasythat___________cananswerit.10.Ihope_________goeswell.meminehisherselfyourselfhiseachsomeeverythinganotheranyoneeverything11.Themanhastwosons,and____ofthemarestrong.Oneistalland_________isshort.12.Americantake-awayfoodisquitedifferentfrom_____.(our)13.WestudyChinese,Englishandsome_____subjects.14._____oftheshoesintheshopweretherightsizeforme.Theywere________toobigortoosmall.15.________drawssowellasJim.16.ThepopulationofHarbinissmallerthan______ofBeijing.17.Theblueshoeslookbetterthanthegreen______18.Pleasekeeptogether,Idon’twant____ofyougetlost.19.We’llhavetohurry.Wehaven’tgot_____time.20.Jimistallerthan________elseintheclass.boththeotheroursotherNoneeitherNobodythatonesanymuchanyone專項訓(xùn)練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.Wehadfunandenjoyed_______________(we)duringthedaytime.

2.Iwouldappreciate___________verymuchifyoucandomeafavor.

3.Susanmade____________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.

4.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein_______________,knivesandforks.

5.I’dappreciate___________ifyoucouldletmeknow