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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror“provider”andpurchaseror“consumer”inthetypicaldoctor—patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.
Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday”,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.
Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer.”Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe“powercenter”inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.
Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants:thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisforillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.
1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.
2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause______.
3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto“returnnextWednesday”(para.2),thedoctorisineffect______.
4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto______.
5.Itisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”(Para.3)meansthatthephysicianisthepartythat______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient’sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived
B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients
C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare
D.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital
B.mostofthepatient’sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance
C.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions
D.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.takingadvantageofthepatient’sconcernforhishealth
B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices
C.warningthepatientthathospitalstaymightbenecessary
D.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.ananalysisofthecausesofinflation
B.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts
C.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment
D.adiscussionofnewmedicalcosts
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.paysforgoodsorservices
B.deliversgoodsorservices
C.ordersgoodsorservices
D.reimbursesathirdpartyforgoodsorservices
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.(醫(yī)療保健經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿了不同尋常甚至獨(dú)特的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。)”可知本文將要討論衛(wèi)生保健行業(yè)中的特殊經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,其余三段主要分析了醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的一些重要的影響相互之間經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的因素:醫(yī)生、醫(yī)院、病人以及支付者,因此C選項(xiàng)“分析衛(wèi)生保健中一些重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素”符合文章大意。A選項(xiàng)“推測(cè)病人的支付能力和所接受的治療之間的關(guān)系”;B選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)醫(yī)生對(duì)病人過(guò)分控制”;D選項(xiàng)“敦促醫(yī)院收回他們的決策權(quán)”都太過(guò)片面,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“...itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday”,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.(所有重要的購(gòu)買決定通常都是由醫(yī)生做出的:病人是否應(yīng)該下周三回來(lái),是否需要x光,是否應(yīng)該開(kāi)藥方,等等。)”以及第三段結(jié)尾“Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal‘consumer.’Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe‘powercenter’inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.(難怪在醫(yī)院的眼里,醫(yī)生才是真正的‘消費(fèi)者’。因此,醫(yī)務(wù)人員代表的是醫(yī)院政策和決策的‘權(quán)力中心’,而不是管理部門。)”,由此可知決定醫(yī)學(xué)治療的是醫(yī)生,也就是說(shuō)決定醫(yī)院收入的也是醫(yī)生,因此A選項(xiàng)“是醫(yī)生為醫(yī)院創(chuàng)造了收入”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“病人的大部分賬單是由他的健康保險(xiǎn)支付的”不符合題意;C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)院管理者缺乏質(zhì)疑醫(yī)療決定的專業(yè)知識(shí)”文章沒(méi)有提到;D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生對(duì)病人的健康負(fù)有最終責(zé)任”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn‘nextWednesday’,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.(所有重要的購(gòu)買決定通常都是由醫(yī)生做出的:病人是否應(yīng)該下周三回來(lái),是否需要x光,是否應(yīng)該開(kāi)藥方,等等。)”,由此可知當(dāng)醫(yī)生讓病人下周三再來(lái)的時(shí)候,實(shí)際上是由醫(yī)生指導(dǎo)病人購(gòu)買更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù),因此B選項(xiàng)“指示病人購(gòu)買更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù)”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“利用病人對(duì)健康的關(guān)心”;C選項(xiàng)“警告病人住院可能是必要的”以及D選項(xiàng)“建議病人尋求另一種療法”的最終目的都是為了購(gòu)買更多醫(yī)療服務(wù),因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisforillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.(在日常或輕微的疾病,或只是簡(jiǎn)單的擔(dān)憂,病人的選擇,當(dāng)然,更多的是使用和價(jià)格。然而,在一些有重要意義的疾病中,這樣的選擇往往會(huì)消失,醫(yī)療保健的大部分錢都花在了疾病上。我們估計(jì)75%到80%的醫(yī)療支出是由醫(yī)生決定的,而不是病人。)”以及結(jié)合全文可知文章主要分析了醫(yī)生和病人之間特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,末段最后兩句指出大部分衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用由醫(yī)生決定,正因?yàn)槿绱耍@樣的體制會(huì)顯得很無(wú)效。由此可以推斷,作者接下來(lái)會(huì)提出對(duì)這種體制進(jìn)行改革,B選項(xiàng)“控制醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的建議”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“通貨膨脹原因的分析”文章沒(méi)有提到;C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于一種新療法的討論”以及D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于新的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的討論”都不能很好的銜接文章內(nèi)容,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
5.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題?!癱onsumer”意為“消費(fèi)者”,A選項(xiàng)“支付商品或服務(wù)的費(fèi)用”更符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“遞送商品或服務(wù)”;C選項(xiàng)“訂購(gòu)商品或服務(wù)”;D選項(xiàng)“報(bào)銷第三方的商品或服務(wù)”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
InBritainpeople______morethanfourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.swallow
B.dispose
C.consume
D.exhaust
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)swallow“忍受;吞沒(méi);吞下;咽下”;B選項(xiàng)dispose“安置,安排;使……傾向于做;使對(duì)……產(chǎn)生某種感覺(jué);扔掉,清除;應(yīng)付,處理;擊敗”;C選項(xiàng)consume“消耗,消費(fèi);使……著迷;揮霍;耗盡(多指資源、財(cái)力的消耗),毀滅;耗盡生命”;D選項(xiàng)exhaust“使筋疲力盡;耗盡(多指體力的耗盡);徹底探討;排出”。句意:在英國(guó),人們每年要消耗400多萬(wàn)噸土豆。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhave______astheamountofmoneyborrowed.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.asthesamevalue
B.thesamevalue
C.valueasthesame
D.thevalueisthesame
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。句子中的空格部分做賓語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)成分,故可排除D選項(xiàng);“與……相同”可用“as…as”和“thesameas”,無(wú)“asthesameas”這種表達(dá);二者的區(qū)別為:as+adj/adv.+as;thesame(+n.)as,故可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng),根據(jù)句意:消除通貨膨脹應(yīng)確保還貸的錢應(yīng)與所貸款的價(jià)值相同??芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Musicistheresultofthoughtintheformofattitude.Thereisnoonewayofthinking,sincemen’svaluesareasscatteredanddissimilarasindividualmenthemselves.Ifblackmusiccanbeseenastheresultofcertainattitudes,certainspecificwaysofthinkingabouttheworld,thenmybasichypothesisaboutmusicisunderstood.Theblackman’smusicchangedasthechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangingcontexts.Itiswhythemusicchangingseemsmostimportanttome.
WhenjazzfirstbegantoappearontheAmericansceneduringthetwenties,inoneformoranother,itwasintroducedinmanyinstancesbywhiteAmericans.Yetitsoriginalconceptionanditsmostvitaldevelopmentweretheresultofcertainattitudes,orexperientialideas,attributabletotheAfro-Americanculture.Jazzasplayedbywhitemusicianswasnotthesameasthatplayedbyblackmusiciansnorwasthereanyreasonforittobe.Themusicofthewhitejazzmusicianwas,atitsmostprofound,alearnedart.
Theblues,forexample,whichItaketobeanindependentblackmusic,waspracticallyignoredinpre-jazzwhiteAmericanculture.Bluesisanextremelyimportantpartofjazz.However,thewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.Thewhitemusicianunderstoodthebluesfirstasmusic,butseldomasanattitude,sincetheattitudeofthewhitemusicianwasnecessarilyquiteadifferentone.Andinmanycases,itwasnotconsistentwiththemakingofjazz.
Thus,thetrumpets(小號(hào))ofBixBeiderbeckeandLouisArmstrongwereverydissimilar.Thewhitemiddle-classboyfromIowawasaninbornintellectualandhadanemotionallifethatwasbasedonhisconsciousorunconsciousdisapprovalofmostofthecustomofhisculture.Ontheotherhand,Armstrongwas,intermsofanemotionalmodel,anhonoredpriestofhisculture.Hewasnotrebellingagainstanythingwithhismusic.TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety:Beiderbecke,becauseofhisisolationanddeparturefrommassculture;andArmstrong,becauseofthesocio-historicalseparationoftheblackmanfromtherestofAmerican.
1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheunderlyingideaofthepassage?
2.WhatistherelationshipbetweenbluesandjazzinAmericanculture?
3.Thetoneoftheauthor’sdiscussionofthebluesis______.
4.TheauthorimpliesthatthekindsofmusicproducedbyBeiderbeckeandArmstrongdiffergreatlybecause_______.
5.InwhichofthefollowingwereBeiderbeckeandArmstrongsimilar?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Duetoenvironmentalinfluences,themusicofblackandwhiteartistsmustbeverydifferent.
B.Duetoitsresultofthought,Mackartists’musiccanbelearnedbywhitemusicians.
C.Becausejazziscreatedoninspiration,itisdifficultformusicianstocopyeachother.
D.Becausemusichassocialsignificance,itsinfluenceonblackwhiterelationsshouldnotbeunderestimated.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.JazzplacesmoreemphasisonAfro-Americanculturethandoestheblues.
B.JazzchangestheattitudesofwhitemusicianstowardAfro-Americanculture.
C.Jazzisbasedonthebluesattitude,butexpressedincomprehensiblemannerstowhitemusicians.
D.Jazzmustbeunderstoodinordertobeplayed,whereasthebluesmustbelearned.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.indifferent
B.appreciative
C.curious
D.uncertain
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.theattitudesofblacksandwhitesasreflectedintheirmusicaredifferent
B.Beiderbecke’sintellectualismheldbackhisdevelopmentasamusician
C.rebellionactedasadestructiveforceonBeiderbecke’sperformance
D.ArmstrongwaswellestablishedasaperformerbutBeiderbeckewasnot
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Theattitudestheybroughttotheirmusic.
B.Theirabilitytoreflectotherculturesintheirmusic.
C.Theirseparationfrommassmusic.
D.ThepositionstheycametoholdinAmericansociety.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Theblackman’smusicchangedasthechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangingcontexts.Itiswhythemusicchangingseemsmostimportanttome.(黑人音樂(lè)的改變反映了在變化的環(huán)境中態(tài)度的改變或態(tài)度的一致。這就是為什么音樂(lè)的變化對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是最重要的。)”,并且最后一段作者又對(duì)比了BixBeiderbecke和LouisArmstrong不同的原因主要是成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境不同,由此可知該文章主要講的是黑人和白人藝術(shù)家的音樂(lè)由于環(huán)境的影響肯定是非常不同的,所以A選項(xiàng)“由于環(huán)境的影響,黑人和白人藝術(shù)家的音樂(lè)肯定是非常不同的”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“由于思想的結(jié)果,Mack藝術(shù)家的音樂(lè)可以被白人音樂(lè)家學(xué)習(xí)”文章沒(méi)有提到;C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榫羰繕?lè)是靈感創(chuàng)造的,所以音樂(lè)家們很難相互模仿”兩個(gè)分句之間不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系;D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橐魳?lè)有社會(huì)意義,它對(duì)黑人和白人關(guān)系的影響是不可低估的”文章沒(méi)有提及。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Bluesisanextremelyimportantpartofjazz.However,thewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues‘a(chǎn)ttitude’providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.”(布魯斯是爵士樂(lè)非常重要的一個(gè)部分,然而,爵士樂(lè)所運(yùn)用的布魯斯“態(tài)度”是白人音樂(lè)家能理解的,這樣他才創(chuàng)造了爵士樂(lè)),所以C選項(xiàng)“爵士樂(lè)是基于布魯斯的態(tài)度,但以白人音樂(lè)家可以理解的方式表達(dá)”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“爵士樂(lè)比布魯斯更強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)黑人文化”;B選項(xiàng)“爵士樂(lè)改變了白人音樂(lè)家對(duì)美國(guó)黑人文化的態(tài)度”和D選項(xiàng)“爵士樂(lè)必須理解才能演奏,而布魯斯必須學(xué)習(xí)”文章都沒(méi)有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
3.作者意圖題。被問(wèn)到作者意圖題時(shí),最好回到原文查看作者在提到該事物時(shí)所使用詞的感情色彩。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段,作者提到布魯斯時(shí)的詞有:independent,extremelyimportantpartof等褒義詞,所以可知他對(duì)布魯斯持贊賞態(tài)度,所以B選項(xiàng)“贊賞的,欣賞的”更能體現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度。A選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”;C選項(xiàng)“好奇的”;D選項(xiàng)“不確定的,沒(méi)有信心的”均不符合題意,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段結(jié)尾“Thewhitemusicianunderstoodthebluesfirstasmusic,butseldomasanattitude,sincetheattitudeofthewhitemusicianwasnecessarilyquiteadifferentone.Andinmanycases,itwasnotconsistentwiththemakingofjazz.(白人音樂(lè)家將布魯斯作為音樂(lè)來(lái)理解,而很少作為一種態(tài)度來(lái)理解,因?yàn)榘兹说膽B(tài)度和黑人是不同的。在很多情況下,這與爵士樂(lè)的發(fā)展并不一致。)”,由此可知A選項(xiàng)“黑人和白人的態(tài)度反映在他們的音樂(lè)中是不同的”說(shuō)法正確。B選項(xiàng)“貝德貝克的知性主義阻礙了他作為音樂(lè)家的發(fā)展”文中沒(méi)有提到;C選項(xiàng)“叛亂對(duì)貝德貝克的表現(xiàn)起到了破壞性的作用”是指貝德貝克和阿姆斯特朗的不同之處,不是原因;根據(jù)文章最后一段“TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety...(令人難以置信的諷刺之處在于他們都處在美國(guó)社會(huì)上層建筑的相似位置……)”可知他們都是公認(rèn)的表演者,因此D選項(xiàng)“阿姆斯特朗是公認(rèn)的表演者,但貝德貝克不是”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety...(令人難以置信的諷刺之處在于他們都處在美國(guó)社會(huì)上層建筑的相似位置……)”由此可知他們?cè)诿绹?guó)社會(huì)的地位相同,所以D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诿绹?guó)社會(huì)中的地位”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)音樂(lè)的態(tài)度”是他們的不同點(diǎn);B選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谝魳?lè)中反映其他文化的能力”和C選項(xiàng)“他們與大眾音樂(lè)的分離”文章沒(méi)有提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
5.翻譯題
1.東風(fēng)隨春歸,發(fā)我枝上花。
2.只要堅(jiān)持,夢(mèng)想總是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
3.讓幾千萬(wàn)農(nóng)村貧困人口生活好起來(lái),是我心中的牽掛。
4.世界那么大,問(wèn)題那么多,國(guó)際社會(huì)期待聽(tīng)到中國(guó)聲音、看到中國(guó)方案,中國(guó)不能缺席。
5.經(jīng)過(guò)全國(guó)各族人民共同努力,“十二五”規(guī)劃圓滿收官,廣大人民群眾有了更多獲得感。
【答案】1.【參考譯文】Thewarmeastwindfollowsthefootstepsofspringblowingtheearth,promptingtheflowersonthebranches.
2.【參考譯文】Aslongaswepersevere,dreamswillcometrue.
3.【參考譯文】Itismyconcerntomakethelivesoftensofmillionsofpoorpeopleinruralareasbetter.
4.【參考譯文】Theworldissobigandfacessomanyproblems.TheinternationalcommunityexpectstohearChina’svoiceandseeChina’ssolutions,soChinacannotbeabsent.
5.【參考譯文】Thankstothejointeffortsofthepeopleofallethnicgroupsacrossthecountry,the12thFive-YearPlanhasbeensuccessfullyconcluded,andthegeneralpublichasgainedagreatersenseofgain.
6.單選題
Forallherrichexperienceinpracticinglaw,thelawyerfailedtoprymuchinformationoutofthe______witness.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.sophisticated
B.obstinate
C.sober
D.gloomy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的;精致的;久經(jīng)世故的;富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”;B選項(xiàng)obstinate“頑固的;倔強(qiáng)的;難以控制的”;C選項(xiàng)sober“冷靜的,清醒的;未醉的”;D選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的;沮喪的;陰郁的”。句意:盡管這位律師有豐富的律師執(zhí)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),但她未能從這位固執(zhí)的證人那里打聽(tīng)到多少信息。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Complicated______itis,theproblemcanbesolvedinonlytwohourswithanelectroniccomputer.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.like
B.as
C.however
D.evenif
【答案】B
【解析】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是狀語(yǔ)從句中的一種,一般翻譯為“盡管……”或“即使……”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有:though,although,while,as;evenif,eventhough;whether...or...等,as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形,though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,可用來(lái)表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),但不能用來(lái)描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)。該題題干為部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,句意:雖然這道題很復(fù)雜,但用電子計(jì)算機(jī)只需兩個(gè)小時(shí)就能解決。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobenomorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.
AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorgetintouchwiththesupernatural-perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda“singer”toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingonthefloor.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwon’tharmanyone.
Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singers”.ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisfingersontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor,withasteadyhandandgreatpatience.Heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.
1.Agoodtitleforthisarticlemightbe______.
2.Thepurposeofhealingceremonyis______.
3.The“singer”rubsandonthepatientbecause_______.
4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?
5.Itcanbeinferredthat______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ModernArt
B.TheNavahoIndian
C.Sandpainting
D.Medicine
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.topleasuresupernaturalpowers
B.toattractsupernaturalpowers
C.tofrightensupernaturalpowers
D.tocreateasandpainting
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand
B.ithasmedicalvalue
C.itdecoratesthepatient
D.itisoneofthespecialprocessoftheceremony
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.paint
B.beachsand
C.crushedsandstone
D.flour
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisnothingbutakindofart
B.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisonlyahealingmethod
C.theNavahounderstandssandpaintingasakindofrelaxation
D.theNavahotakessandpaintingasapurepleasureoftheirlife
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.(美國(guó)西南部納瓦霍印第安人的沙畫就是這樣。它們既有藥用價(jià)值也有藝術(shù)價(jià)值。)”,并且全文都在描寫沙畫的藥用和藝術(shù)價(jià)值,因此C選項(xiàng)“沙畫”正確。A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”;B選項(xiàng)“納瓦霍印第安人”以及D選項(xiàng)“藥物”都不符合文章大意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda‘singer’toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.(為了擺脫這種情況,病人或他的親屬將雇用一個(gè)被稱為“歌手”的醫(yī)生來(lái)執(zhí)行治愈儀式,用來(lái)吸引超自然力量生物。)”,由此可知B選項(xiàng)“吸引超自然力量”正確。A選項(xiàng)“享受超自然力量”;C選項(xiàng)“嚇唬超自然力量”不符合文意,D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)建沙畫”并不是舉行治愈儀式的目的,而是一種手段,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe‘singer’willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.(在儀式的最后一天,患者將坐在這幅沙畫上,‘歌手’將從沙畫中的特定人物身上摩擦患者身體的患病部位。通過(guò)這種方式,病人吸收了那個(gè)特殊超自然存在的力量,變得強(qiáng)壯起來(lái)。)”,由此可知A選項(xiàng)“病人從沙子中獲得力量”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它有醫(yī)療價(jià)值”;C選項(xiàng)“裝飾病人”都不符合文意,D選項(xiàng)“這是儀式的一個(gè)特殊過(guò)程”并不能作為往病人身上擦沙子的原因,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.(使用的材料很容易在納瓦霍人定居的地方找到:棕色、紅色、黃色和白色的砂巖,這些砂巖被磨碎,就像玉米被磨成面粉一樣。)”,由此可知沙畫是由碎沙巖的沙子組成的,因此C選項(xiàng)“碎沙巖”正確。A選項(xiàng)“油漆”;B選項(xiàng)“沙灘上的沙子”以及D選項(xiàng)“面粉”都不符合文意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章第二段以及第三段中的“ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis...(傳統(tǒng)的納瓦霍人不允許復(fù)制沙畫,因?yàn)樗嘈沤虝?huì)他這一技藝的超自然力量禁止了這一行為……)”可知,在納瓦霍人看來(lái),沙畫只是一種治愈超自然力量的手段,并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它的藝術(shù)價(jià)值,從他們禁止復(fù)制沙畫這一舉措就可看出。因此B選項(xiàng)“在納瓦霍人看來(lái),沙畫只是一種治療方法”說(shuō)法正確。A選項(xiàng)“在納瓦霍人看來(lái),沙畫只不過(guò)是一種藝術(shù)”;C選項(xiàng)“納瓦霍人認(rèn)為沙畫是一種放松”以及D選項(xiàng)“納瓦霍人把沙畫當(dāng)作生活的純粹樂(lè)趣”都不符合文意,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowas(1)tokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunit(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillsatplaying(2)ingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotheronthe(3),statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingof(4)—all(5)ledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.(6)theinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesof(7).
Descriptivestatistics(8)tabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybe(9)quantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—(10)thatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresent(11)variables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreduction(12)
theyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingor(13)tocomprehensibleforthepropertiesofan(14)unwieldymassofdata.
Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganother(15)ofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredicationsusinga(16)ofobservations.(17),aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryand(18)toquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleof(19)100children.Thus,(20)ofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.designed
B.modeled
C.dedicated
D.relied
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.theodds
B.theends
C.themeans
D.therisks
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.son
B.offspring
C.daughter
D.posterity
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.samples
B.examples
C.exams
D.censuses
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.ofwhich
B.inwhich
C.withinwhich
D.aboutwhich
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.By
B.From
C.On
D.Beyond
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.possibility
B.probability
C.chance
D.likelihood
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.consists
B.composes
C.involves
D.constitutes
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.either
B.or
C.neither
D.nor
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.variances
B.variables
C.variations
D.varieties
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.informative
B.positive
C.characteristic
D.qualitative
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.unless
B.lest
C.before
D.when
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.producing
B.reducing
C.introducing
D.conducing
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.instead
B.other
C.otherwise
D.another
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.class
B.group
C.part
D.collection
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.population
B.sample
C.production
D.proportion
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.Thus
B.However
C.Forexample
D.Anyhow
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.ineffective
B.insufficient
C.inappropriate
D.inefficient
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.asmanyas
B.asfewas
C.nolessthan
D.asmuchas
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.therecord
B.themeans
C.thepurpose
D.theknowledge
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:A
第6題:B
第7題:B
第8題:C
第9題:A
第10題:B
第11題:D
第12題:C
第13題:B
第14題:C
第15題:A
第16題:B
第17題:C
第18題:D
第19題:B
第20題:C
【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)designed“設(shè)計(jì),構(gòu)思;計(jì)劃;制造,意欲”;B選項(xiàng)modeled“模擬;塑造;模仿”;C選項(xiàng)dedicated“致力;獻(xiàn)身;題獻(xiàn)”;D選項(xiàng)relied“信任;信賴;依賴,依靠”。根據(jù)固定搭配bededicatedto“致力于;從事于;奉獻(xiàn);獻(xiàn)給”可知句意為:統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)有一位“母親”,她致力于井井有條地記錄政府部門的檔案(國(guó)家和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)源于同一個(gè)拉丁語(yǔ)詞根,地位)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)theodds“可能性;機(jī)會(huì)”;B選項(xiàng)theends“結(jié)束;結(jié)局,劇終”;C選項(xiàng)themeans“途徑;手段;方法”;D選項(xiàng)therisks“風(fēng)險(xiǎn);危機(jī)”。根據(jù)固定搭配playtheodds“冒險(xiǎn);碰運(yùn)氣;算一算可能性、成功的概率有多少”可知句意為:還有一位有紳士風(fēng)度的賭博“父親”,他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來(lái)提高在機(jī)會(huì)游戲中的賭力。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)son“兒子;孩子(對(duì)年輕人的稱呼);男性后裔”;B選項(xiàng)offspring“子女;孩子;后代;產(chǎn)物(多用來(lái)形容不隔代的子女,還可形容產(chǎn)物)”;C選項(xiàng)daughter“女兒”;D選項(xiàng)posterity“子孫,后裔;后代(包括offspring,指一切的后代)”。句意:“母親”對(duì)其子女統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的影響表現(xiàn)在計(jì)數(shù)、測(cè)量、描述、制表、歸類和統(tǒng)計(jì)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)samples“樣品,樣本”;B選項(xiàng)examples“例子;榜樣”;C選項(xiàng)exams“考試;測(cè)驗(yàn)”;D選項(xiàng)censuses“人口普查,人口調(diào)查;(官方的)統(tǒng)計(jì),調(diào)查”。上文一直在闡述統(tǒng)計(jì)方法以及統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的相關(guān)信息,該空格前面的單詞也都與統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)有關(guān),由此可推斷出該空格處的單詞應(yīng)該與前面單詞相類似,D選項(xiàng)符合上下文語(yǔ)義,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
5.考查介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)法作用:“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用,即在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ):表示地點(diǎn),時(shí)間和原因的“介詞+which”分別相當(dāng)于where,when,why;way后常用that代替inwhich,也可省略that;“of+which”起形容詞的作用,相當(dāng)于whose(用來(lái)指物),其詞序通常是“n.+ofwhich”;可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;介詞的選擇(選擇介詞時(shí)須考慮下列情況):介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配;介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞,形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配;同形的先行詞,或定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞,形容詞表示不同的含義時(shí),要根據(jù)其含義選用不同的介詞;復(fù)雜介詞須保持其完整形式,常見(jiàn)的復(fù)雜介詞有onthetopof,inthemiddleof,infrontof,inspiteof,atthebackof,becauseof等;短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)提至關(guān)系代詞前。常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)istento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,lookinto,breakinto,getridof,takepartin,makeuseof,takeholdof,catchholdof,catchupwith,getalongwith,lookforwardto等,此時(shí)可用which,who,whom或that,也可將它們省略;當(dāng)介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系緊密(但不是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)時(shí),介詞也可放在動(dòng)詞或形容詞的后面。但當(dāng)介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系不緊密時(shí),則需將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前。關(guān)系代詞的選擇:用于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有which,whom,前者指物,后者指人。該句中的空格處起形容詞的作用,相當(dāng)于whose,用來(lái)指all。句意:所有這些導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
6.考查固定搭配和倒裝。from...came...“由……產(chǎn)生”,使用該搭配時(shí)應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。句意:由于“父親”的影響而產(chǎn)生了完全基于概率論的現(xiàn)代推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
7.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性;可能發(fā)生的事物”;B選項(xiàng)probability“概率;可能性;概率論”;C選項(xiàng)chance“機(jī)會(huì),際遇;運(yùn)氣,僥幸;可能性”;D選項(xiàng)likelihood“可能性,可能”。possibility表示事情發(fā)生與否的可能性,學(xué)術(shù)性的,可能性較??;likelihood指事情發(fā)生的可能性,側(cè)重于概率方面,且是非正式的,多用于口語(yǔ)中;probability指很可能發(fā)生的事,很有可能,概率最大;chance做“可能性”意思的情況較少,不常見(jiàn),多用來(lái)指“機(jī)會(huì)”。根據(jù)固定搭配theoryofprobability“概率論”可知句意為:由于“父親”的影響而產(chǎn)生了完全基于概率論的現(xiàn)代推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
8.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consists“由……構(gòu)成;由……組成”;B選項(xiàng)composes“構(gòu)成;寫作;使平靜;排……的版”;C選項(xiàng)involves“包含;牽涉;使陷于;潛心于”;D選項(xiàng)constitutes“組成,構(gòu)成;建立;任命”。Consist多與介詞連用,構(gòu)成consistinsth.“存在于;在于”或consistofsth.“由……組成”;compose在表示“由……材料構(gòu)成”時(shí),見(jiàn)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);在用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),一般它所表示的“構(gòu)成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一,而且主語(yǔ)或者是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者是集體名詞;involve有“必然包含著”的意思,指必須含有的情況或涉及的人或事;constitute表示由部分組成整體,主語(yǔ)是組成部分,賓語(yǔ)是整體。根據(jù)該句句子成分可排除A、B、D選項(xiàng),句意:描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)包括對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的制表、描繪和描述。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
9.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)either...or“或者……或者”;B選項(xiàng)or...or“或者……或者”;C選項(xiàng)neither“兩者都不”,不與or連用;D選項(xiàng)nor“也不;也不是”。C選項(xiàng)與D選項(xiàng)都帶否定含義,不符合該句邏輯,故排除;當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)或更多相同的詞或短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)時(shí),往往只保留其中一個(gè),以避免重復(fù),使句子簡(jiǎn)練,如用B選項(xiàng),應(yīng)省略第一個(gè)or。句意:這些數(shù)據(jù)可以是定量的,如高度、智力的測(cè)量,或具有連續(xù)特征的年級(jí)水平變量,也可以是代表定性變量,如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
10.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)variances“變異;變化;不一致;分歧”;B選項(xiàng)variables“變量;可變物,可變因素”;C選項(xiàng)variations“變化,變更,變動(dòng);變異,變種;變奏曲”;D選項(xiàng)varieties“多樣;種類;雜耍;多樣化”。聯(lián)系下文“orthedatamayrepresent61variables,suchas...”,可知空格處應(yīng)填與下文內(nèi)容相對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞,variables出現(xiàn)在下文的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
11.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)informative“提供有用信息的;教育性的”;B選項(xiàng)positive“積極的;確定的,肯定的;實(shí)際的,真實(shí)的”;C選項(xiàng)characteristic“典型的;特有的;表示特性的”;D選項(xiàng)qualitative“定性的;質(zhì)的,性質(zhì)上的”。句意:也可以是代表定性變量,如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
12.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)unless“除非;除……之外”;B選項(xiàng)lest“唯恐,以免;(引出產(chǎn)生某種情感的原因)唯恐,擔(dān)心”;C選項(xiàng)before“在……之前,先于”;D選項(xiàng)when“在……時(shí)候;在……之后;在任何……時(shí)候”。Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreduction和theyarecomprehensible是先后關(guān)系,結(jié)合句意:大量的數(shù)據(jù)通常必須經(jīng)過(guò)概括或刪減的過(guò)程才能被理解??芍狢選項(xiàng)正確。
13.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)producing“生產(chǎn);引起;創(chuàng)作;生育,繁殖”;B選項(xiàng)redu
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